본 연구의 목적은 일제강점기에 일본에서 출간된 역사지도책에 반영된 한국의 영토, 일본의 의도, 그리고 한국에 대한 일본의 인식을 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위해 ｢일본역사지도(日本歷史地圖)｣와 이 책의 증보판인 ｢신편일본역사지도(新編日本歷史地 圖)｣의 편저자인 시바 카츠모리(芝葛盛), 당시 시대상 및 간행 배경 등에 대해 알아보고, 두 역사지도책의 내용 구성방식을 비교·분석 하였다. 이어서 두 역사지도책에서 우리나라를 어떻게 인식하고 있는지를 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 시대상황의 변화에 따라 두 역사지도책에 수록된 지도의 스케일이 확대되었으며, 일본이 역사지도를 통해 한반도 지배에 대한 역사적 정당성을 추구하였음을 파악할 수 있었다. 즉 일본은 일본의 한반도 지배가 역사적 연속성을 지닐 뿐만 아니라, 한반도가 일본의 대륙 진출을 위한 교두보로 서의 역할을 수행하고 있음을 보여주려 한 것이다. 또한 일본은 우리나라를 ‘조선’으로 인식하였는데, 울릉도는 물론 독도까지 조선의 영역에 포함되어 있는 것을 알 수 있었다.

The Japanese oak silkmoth, Antheraea yamamai Guérin-Méneville 1861 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), is one of the important natural resources possessing industrial value for silk fiber production. In this study, ten microsatellite markers and two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene sequences (COI and ND4) were used to investigate the genetic variation and geographic structure of A. yamamai populations in South Korea. Two mtDNA gene sequences revealed very low total genetic variation and resultant low geographic variation, validating to use further variable molecular markers. Population-based FIS, FST, RST, and global Mantel test consistently support that A. yamamai populations are overall well interconnected with a relatively high gene flow. Nevertheless, STRUCTURE analysis using microsatellite data and mtDNA sequences coincidently indicate the presence of two genetic pools in many populations.

일본의 핵심 통상전략은 미국과의 협력을 전제로 중국과 경제관계를 강화함과 동시에 중 국을 견제하는 것이었다. 그런데 최근 20년 동안 중국이 빠른 경제성장을 통해서 G2로 부상 하면서 일본의 이러한 통상전략은 변화를 맞고 있다. 특히 오늘날 동아시아를 무대로 중국의 메가 FTA 확산 및 일대일로 구상이 구체화되면서 일본은 자국 중심의 세력 구축을 통해서 중국을 견제하려는 전략을 강화해 왔다. 하지만 최근 출범한 미국의 트럼프 정권 하에서는 이러한 일본의 대(對)중국 통상전략이 또 한번 큰 전환을 맞을 것으로 예상된다. 본고에서는 지난 20년 동안의 일본의 대중국 통상구조 및 전략의 변화를 분석함으로써 향후의 중일 통상 관계에 대해 예측하고자 한다.

The object of this study was to evaluate Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) antibody titer changes in broodmares and foals. Antibodies of 112 sera were detected by applying hemagglutination inhibition test. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that compares antibody titers of foals to that of their dams in order for evaluate optimal time of JEV vaccination. Most mares` antibody titers were variable. However, the highest titers in foals presented in their first month, and antibodies titers in all foals decreased gradually over time. This study provides important benchmarks that can be used to select optimum time JEV of vaccination.

本稿では身体と関連のある着用動詞の意味分野の研究として、自然な 文脈の伝達と正確な語彙選択によって滑らかに意味の伝達をするために も研究するべき必要性があると考えた。　 身体の着用動詞では、衣服の種類と付着․ 装飾のような種類が動作の 対象になりつつ、文の中で互いにふさわしい関係でなければならない。身 体の着用動詞の範疇を決定するのは、対象物による制限もあるが、身体の 着用動詞の本来の意味属性によっても対象物の選択が制限されたりする。これは、動作の対象物と身体の着用動詞との意味関係の重要性を示してい る。従って言語の意味関係を説明するには、言語の文化的に接近してみる のも必要であると考えられる。全般的に見るとき、意味関係を扱うこと が、自然な文の伝達のためにも必要であるということを確認した。 身体の着用動詞の表現の一つ一つは、初めから1:1対応から出発し現 在、私たちが使用している表現形態と頻度の数を持つようになったと考 えられる。言語使用で表現の数が多いということは、それほど言語表現 を豊かにしてきたということからも意味があり、着目すべき点であると 思う。

本稿では、1868年に創刊された諸新聞に日本の新聞大衆化の萌芽を見 出すことはできないかという問題を提起し、各紙の創刊号の序文やあと がきに書かれた発行の目的・編集方針、および記事本文の振りがなにつ いて、『大衆化』『わかりやすさ』という観点から考察した。 序文やあとがきの調査からは、他国の新聞事情や新聞の有益さを述べ ることで新聞を普及させようとしたり、記事のわかりやすさや人々の啓 蒙がめざされたりしたことがわかった。同時に、中外新聞等によって 新聞人気が広まりつつあることが認識されており、事業として成功させ ようという考えが存在したこともうかがい知ることができた。1868年は 新聞の普及がめざされ、そしてそれが実現されようとした時期だったと いうことである。 振りがなの調査からは、すべての漢字に振りがなが付けられることは なかったが、総振りがなに近いほど多用した記事や両振りがなを用いた 記事もみられた。これは、人々の啓蒙や事業としての成功を成し遂げる ために記事をわかりやすくする手段の一つとして振りがなが利用された ためと考えられる。 以上により、1868年を日本の新聞大衆化の萌芽の時期とみることは可 能であると結論づけた。

大韓民国映画史の第一歩を刻んだ映画人の一人として知られる崔寅奎 監督。現在韓国での一般的な彼に対する評価は、日本植民地期には、対 日売国(韓国語では ‘친일’) 映画を作り続けたが、解放後、その売国行為 の免罪符として民族の解放をうたいあげる自由万歳(자유만세)等いわゆ る解放三部作映画を作ったとされる 。筆者は、彼の現存する植民地末期三作品のうち、比較的‘売国(친일)’ 性がはっきりしないとされる『授業料(수업료)』をのぞく二作品、すなわ ち『家なき天使(집 없는 천사)』ならびに日本人監督今井正との共同監督作 品である『愛と誓ひ(사랑과 맹세)』の再解釈を通して、彼のこの時代の映画 が持つメッセージの二重性を指摘する。そしてそのメッセージに含まれ る、朝鮮民族の、大和民族と平等な政治的権利獲得を狙う戦略的意図の 存在可能性を指摘する。最後に、植民地期朝鮮映画研究の課題、すなわ ち社会的認知フレーム考慮の必要性について提起する。

The purpose of this study was to discuss how ‘milk’ was produced and supplied introduced and spread in the modern Joseon period. Condensed milk and powdered milk were mainly consumed in Joseon during the Japanese colonial period since they could be conveniently preserved for a long time, although raw milk was also produced and consumed. For areas adjacent to farms, milk delivery service was offered while areas with great consumption received an additional supply from different areas by rail. Since no manufacturing plants were operational in Korea, condensed milk and powdered milk consumed in Joseon had to be imported. In the case of condensed milk, when production in Japan increased, extra supply was aggressively sent into their colony, Joseon. The ‘Gyeongseong Milk Association’ founded in 1937 is considered significant in that it led to standardization of the production system and prices as well as pasteurization of milk. In the late Japanese colonial era, milk production and consumption were controlled. As milk was purchased as a war supply, the milk consumption market became distorted and limited

The glycoprotein hormone family consists of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid stimulating hormone, which are secreted by the pituitary gland in all mammalian species, and choriogonadotropin (CG), which is secreted by the placenta in primates and equids. The hormones are composed of a common α subunit and a hormone specific β subunit which are non-covalently associated. Recent advances in biotechnology, particularly in the production of recombinant proteins, have provided opportunities to produce sufficient quantities of recombinant fish GTHs using various expression hosts. Japanese eel Anguilla japonica is one of the most important fish species being aquacultured in Japan but is hampered from the fact that this species does not reproduce in captivity. Artificial induction of gonadal maturation has been successful by administration of pituitary extracts or human chorionic gonadotropin, but the understanding the regulatory mechanism of gonadal development moderated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) remains elusive due to lack of suitable amounts of eel gonadotropins (GTHs). In the present study, we produced tethered rec-eel LH and deglycosylated mutants (56, 79 and 56-79 of α subunit; 10 of β-subunit) of Asn-linked oligosaccharides in CHO suspension cells. Luteinizing hormone acts through binding to its specific receptor. Binding of ligand to the receptor activates the adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) pathway (McFarland et al., 1989; Ji and Ji, 1991a; Rose, 1998) and the inositol 1 phosphate (IP1) secondary messenger systems. After stimulation of eelLH/CG receptor transfected CHO cells with rec-LH wild type (wt) and mutant hormones as a ligand, production of cAMP and IP-1 were evaluated (Cisbio). cAMP IC-50 values by rec-eelLH wt; αΔ56; αΔ79; αΔ56_79 and βΔ10 were 606.2; 374.9; 100.3; 14.2 and 210.9 ng/ml, respectively. IP-1 IC-50 values by rec-eelLH wt; αΔ56; αΔ79; αΔ56.79 and βΔ10 were 28.3; 16.04; 4.3; 2.1 and 3.6ng/ml, respectively too. As seen in both of the second messenger production, general stimulatory pattern is analogous. cAMP and IP-1 stimulation by wild type and αΔ56, as well as αΔ79 and βΔ10 were approximate, but the stimulating effect of double mutant (αΔ56_ 79) was drastically higher. According to the data, deglycosylated eelLH may bind to the receptor with high affinity and cAMP production is gradually increased. Furthermore, receptor activation by tethered rec-eel mutant ligands (FreeStyle CHO-MAX Expression System) will be evaluated with β arrestin recruitment and GPCR internalization for N-linked oligosaccharides’ biological role in activation of eelLH/CGR.

Population density of Culex tritaeniorhynchus was annually monitored to predict the possibility of a Japanese encephalitis (JE) outbreak at 10 collection sites throughout Republic of Korea (ROK) during mosquito season from 2011 to 2015. Prevalence of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in ROK was spatially and timely very variable and was significantly highest at Busan city during August. Monthly average population density of Cx. tritaeniorhychus showed high correlation to the monthly average daily average temperature and monthly average precipitation. Two models for the estimation of occurrence of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus based on annual monthly daily average temperature and monthly precipitation are shown with linear regression equations of exp(0.413×temperature-0.949) and exp(0.01258×precipitation+3.777). JE vector surveillance and vector control is warranted as part of an effective JE management program at ROK.

이 연구는 21세기 들어 G2 국가로 부상하며 동북아시아에서도 막강한 영향력을 과시하고 있 는 중국과 관련해, 한국과 일본 신문들은 對中國 보도에서 어떤 특징을 선보이는지 보도 비중과 함께 보도 주제, 보도 양식, 그리고 정보원의 다양성 차원에서 조선일보와 한겨레, 마이니치와 아사히 신문을 비교하였다. 분석 결과, 일본 언론들이 중국에 대한 보도 분량을 미국에 대한 보 도 분량과 비슷할 정도로 무게 있게 책정한데 반해 한국 언론들은 여전히 미국 중심적인 보도 속에 대중국 보도 분량이 일본에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이와 함께, 주제를 둘 러싼 다양성에 있어서는 국가 간의 차이보다 언론사 간의 차이가 컸으며 기사 양식과 관련해서는 양국 보수지 및 진보지 사이의 이념적 차이가 국가적 차이보다 두드러진 것으로 나타났다. 마지 막으로, 정보원에 있어서는 한⋅일 양국 간의 차이가 대단히 큰 것으로 나타나 현지 언론을 주로 인용하는 한국 언론들에 비해 직접 취재는 물론, 인터뷰와 현지 언론 등을 고르게 이용한 일본 신문들의 다양성이 한국에 비해 매우 높은 것으로 조사됐다.

This study investigated luring distributions by water layer of common squid which were targeted by angling fishing vessels equipped with LED and metal-halide lamps using a scientific echosounder with a 120 kHz frequency in order to develop energy-effective underwater fish aggregation devices. In the analysis, angles of a transducer were changed from 0° to 45° and were rotated every 10° horizontally. It was shown that common squid were densely distributed from the surface to 40 m and they were also distributed in directions of 10°∼+30°, -30°∼-60°, and -120°∼-130°with the head of vessel as the center. Comparative results of angles of transducer on acoustical densities of common squid distributing in 21~40 m water depth showed an average 101.8 m2/nm2 in vertical direction of 0°, 12.3 m2/nm2 in angle of 30°, and 42.4 m2/nm2 in angle of 45°, respectively. It implied that more considerations on acoustic scattering strength by incidence angle direction of the transducer and swimming oriental angle direction of common squid would be required.

본 연구는 한국과 일본 종업원들을 대상으로 리더십 효과성의 차이를 살펴보았다. 최근 리더십 분야의 연구들은 변혁적 리더십이 개념적으로 두 가지 차원의 집단지향적 및 개인지향적 변혁적 리 더십으로 구분된다고 주장하였으며 실증분석을 통해서도 그 효과성의 차이를 입증해왔다. 하지만 아시아 국가를 대상으로 이를 살펴보는 연구들은 아직까지는 제한적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 집 단지향적 및 개인지향적 변혁적 리더십이 한국과 일본 종업원들의 조직몰입에 미치는 효과성의 차이를 검증하였다. Ralston과 그의 동료들(1997)이 주장한 크로스버전스 이론에 따르면 민족문화와 경제적 환경은 개인의 문화적 가치에 동시에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 그리고 개인의 문화적 가치는 자신이 선호하는 리더십 스타일을 결정한다. 한국과 일본은 공통적으로 유교문화권에 속하면서 도 경제적 환경에 있어서는 상당한 차이를 보이기 때문에 두 국가 간 리더십 효과성 차이에 주목하 는 것은 비교연구로서의 의의가 있다. 연구결과는 예상한 바와 같이 한국과 일본에서 변혁적 리더십은 조직몰입과 정의 관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 두 국가에서 집단지향적 변혁적 리더십과 조직몰입은 정의 관계를 가지기는 했지 만 그 효과성에서의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 한국에서 개인지향적 변혁적 리더십과 조직몰입은 정의 관계를 보였지만 일본에서는 그 효과가 유의하지 않았다. 또한 본 연구에서는 상황적 보상 리더십 의 조절효과를 살펴보았다. 상황적 보상 리더십은 집단지향적 및 개인지향적 변혁적 리더십에 대해 상반되는 조절효과를 나타냈지만 그 효과는 한국에서만 유의하였다. 한국에서 상황적 보상 리더십 은 집단지향적 변혁적 리더십과 조직몰입의 정의 관계는 강화시키는 반면 개인지향적 변혁적 리더 십과 조직몰입의 정의 관계는 약화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 실증분석결과는 국제경영관리 관점에 서 효과적인 리더십에 대한 유용한 시사점을 제공할 것이다.

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of food scandals on trust towards the corporate brand and purchase intention in Japan. Drawing on Mayer, Davis and Schoorman’s Model of Organizational Trust (1995) this study explores the effects of perceived trustworthiness, trust, and perceived risk on a consumer’s intention to purchase. In Japan, consumers were outraged when some top hotels and department stores were found to have mislabeled foods, selling cheaper alternatives instead of the expensive foods offered on the menu and using expired products (Grace, 2007; Japan Today, 2013; Kageyama, 2007; Onishi, 2007; Spitzer, 2013). The various food scandals have led to product shunning, fear, distrust and suspicion among consumers (Garretson & Burton, 2000; Niewczas, 2014; Smith & Riethmuller, 1999; Yeung & Morris, 2001). Thus this research was conducted to identify the influence of food scandals involving well-established Japanese supermarkets on consumer trust and risk perception. The influence of culture in shaping purchase intention was also explored. Trust itself is a concept that is elusive with myriad definitions ranging from Luhmann’s (1979) sociological theory of trust that looks as trust being a function of high perceived risk and experience to Deutsch (1973) who defines it as the willingness to be dependent on others in the belief that the other party will not disappoint intentionally. Luhmann (1979) argues that in order for trust to be apparent there has to be high-perceived risk. Various studies have also focused on trust being operational when there is risk‐taking behavior (Anderson & Narus, 1990; Canning & Hammer‐Llyod, 2007; Doney & Canon, 1997; Morgan & Hunt, 1994). In the food sector, as consumers lose control over knowing about the food we eat due to the increasing complexity of the food system trust becomes an essential component. Consumers have to trust food producers ranging from farmers to food companies as well as the public authorities to ensure food safety, quality and adequate supply. Consumers display different and inconsistent reactions regarding food safety that affects the perception of quality and their willingness‐to‐pay (Berg, 2004; Brewer & Rojas, 2008).

The full-fledged Japanese census of commerce was conducted in 2014 and its data were publisized recently. We have chased the census data since 1991 in order to explore the determinants of Japanese household expenditure on consumer goods specialty retailers. The purpose of this study is to add some new findings to our previous research. In this research we theoretically address, and empirically estimate, key factors that affect sales per household at three major lines of retail trade that include frequently purchased consumables (food and drink), less frequently bought non-durables (apparel, shoes and dry goods), and infrequently acquired durable goods (furniture). We examine Industrial Classifications 57-60: Dry Goods, Apparel and Apparel Accessory stores (largely clothing, shoe, linen and accessories); Food and Beverage stores (primarily grocery, liquor, and specialty food stores); and Furniture, Household Utensils, and Appliances. These three trade lines deal with the necessities and supplies of life; they consist of relatively small specialty retailers. In addition, they have been an important target of urban planning and retail distribution policy of cities in Japan. Our data, which is drawn from six successive Japanese retail trade censuses (1991, 1994, 1997, 2002, 2007, 2014) encompasses 790 cities in all 47 prefectures. It is notable that the Japanese babble economy ceased in 1991; since then it has experienced an extended period of low growth. Note also that data from the most recent census (2014) is not yet available. Our theoretical model argues that retail sales per household are determined by three fundamental factors: the Market Environment (which is beyond the control of retail managers), Intertype Competition (which is influenced, but not controlled, by managers in each line of trade), and the Marketing Mix in each line of trade (which is set by managers). The essence of our argument is that the Market Environment determines a base level of sales per household; Intertype Competition may raise or lower sales in our focal lines of trade; and, the Marketing Mix in each line of trade can augment sales by (a) doing an above average job of appealing to customers and (b) countering the negative impact of Intertype Competition. Based on our research framework, we conduct a three-stage, hierarchical multiple regression analysis in each line of trade. Within Market Environment we include nine variables in a first-stage regression model: average number of people per household, household growth rate, average home size in square meters, income per household, population ratio aged 65+, auto ownership per household, distance to the prefectural capital city, residential land prices, and daytime population ratio. We expect each of these independent variables (except for population ratio aged 65+) to increase retail sales per household – which is our dependent variable. For Intertype Competition we use General Merchandise Stores (largely department stores and supercenters) that, in Japan, directly compete with Apparel, Food, and Furniture stores. In the second-stage regression model we include GMS sales per household along with the above nine Market Environment variables. GMS is anticipated to lower sales per household in Food stores, but is expected to raise sales per household in Apparel and Furniture stores as a spillover effect. For the Marketing Mix we measure four variables: assortment (proxied as square meters of selling space per store), service (employees per square meter of selling space), access (number of stores per land surface area of the city), and advertising (newspaper subscribers per household). These variables are included in the third-stage regression model along with the aforementioned ten independent variables; each of them should increase retail sales per household in its line of trade (e.g., the marketing mix for Food stores should only affect food sales per household). Thus, in of our analysis we show the results of eighteen regressions (i.e. the six census years and three lines of trade) . Our empirical research makes five contributions. First, we incorporate five independent variables that rarely (if ever) appear in studies of sales per household: out-shopping (daytime population ratio), home size, population ratio aged 65+, distance from the prefectural capital city, and residential land price. Second, we show the impact of intertype competition on sales in specific lines of retail trade. Third, we investigate data from five censuses that span a sixteen year period; few previous studies have examined changes in retail structure over such a lengthy time span. Fourth, we examine consumer goods retailers – who are an important target of urban planning and retail distribution policies of Japanese cities. Fifth, Japan had three important characteristics during the time span we examine: it was the world’s second largest economy and it is a nation of gradually declining population. As such, it may be a harbinger of the future of retailing in other large, wealthy economies. Additionally, Japan has rarely been the focus of retail trade studies.