토양수분의 거동을 파악하기 위해서 설마천 유역의 범륜사 사변에 TDR(Time Domain Reflectometry)을 설치하여 시공간적, 계절적 특성을 파악하였다. 대상유역을 정밀 측량하여 수치지형 모형(Digital Elevation Model)을 구축하고 이를 흐름분배 알고리즘에 적용하여 흐름범위 안에서 역측량을 통해서 측정지점을 선정하여 모니터링 시스템 을 구축하였다. 2003년 11월에 380시간, 2004년 5월 6월에 1037시간 동안의 장

삼백초(三白草) 재배에 있어서 토성에 따른 생육과 유효성분을 분석하여 안정적인 재배법을 확립하고 고품질 삼백초를 생산하고자 시험을 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. 삼백초의 절수와 엽수, 분지수는 토성 간 차이가 없었으며, 주당 줄기와 잎의 무게는 사양토가 가장 많고, 양토, 식양토, 사토의 순으로 무거웠다. 직경 5mm이하 뿌리는 토성 간차이가 없었으나, 5.1~10.9 mm의 굵기는 사양토, 양토 그리고 식양토에서 437~465 g로 차이가 없었고, 11 mm이상은 식양토가 많았다. 건물율은 19.1~20.8%로 차이가 없었다. 나. 잎의 quercetin-glycoside 함량은 양토와 사양토에서 219.3~222.4 mg/100 g로 가장 높았으며, quercitrin〉rutin〉isoquercitrin〉hyperin의 순으로 높았다. 줄기는 사토와 사양토가 각각 14.8 mg/100 g과 12.4 mg/100 g로 가장 많았으며, quercetin-glycoside 중 rutin이 가장 높았다. 다. 뿌리의 lignans 함량은 식양토, 양토, 사앙토, 사토의 순으로 높은 경향이었으며, lignans 관련 물질 중 manassatin B가 가장 많았다.

Eight USA soils were used for this study. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the characteristics of metals in the soil based on the sequential extraction with increasing pH. Extracts were analyzed for metals by ICP-MS and for dissolved organic carbon(DOC). As the pH increasing, the DOC extracted in each increment initially decreased and reached the minimum at pH 3 and then increased substantially at higher pH values. According to the pH increasing, the extraction of Ca, Cu, and Zn were illustrated as L type. It was found that there were strong correlation between the extracted Fe and DOC(r=0.64～0.97).

본 연구는 약용 및 관상용 자원으로써 기대되는 산자고의 자생지 환경을 체계적으로 분석하여 재배법 및 생태적 특성에 대한 기초자료 제공을 위해 수행되었다. 자생지 환경은 해발 245 m, 방위는 남향, 자생지 면적은약 49 m2이고, 건조한 양지에서 자생하는 것으로 분석되었다. 관속식물상은 28과 59속 50종 11변종 1품종 등 총 62분류군이 확인되었고 자원식물상은 관상용 23종(37.1%), 식용 43종(69.4%), 약용 34종(54.8%), 기타용 29종(46.8%)으로 분류되었다. 토양요인 분석결과, 산도는 pH 4.9, 유기물함량 4.8%, 유효인산 3.6 mg/kg, 치환성 칼륨 0.5 cmol+/kg, 치환성 칼슘 3.0 cmol+/kg, 치환성 마그네슘 0.8 cmol+/kg, 양이온치환용량 12.3 cmol+/kg, 전기전도도 0.3 dS/m로 나타났다. 화학적 특성간 상관분석결과, 치환성 칼슘과 양이온치환용량이 높은 상관성을 보였다. 산자고의 생육특성은 초장 7.6cm, 엽폭 0.6 cm, 엽장 12.7cm, 화폭 2.8 cm, 화경장 5.4 cm, 엽록소량은 34.7 μg mg-1로 조사되었다. 생육특성간 상관분석 결과, 초장과 화경장이 높은 상관성을 보였다. 토양요인과 생육특성간 상관성 분석결과, 치환성 칼륨과 엽장이 높은 상관성으로 보였으나 이들의 관계는 부적 상관성으로 확인되었다. 생육모형 분석 결과, 엽폭과 치환성 칼륨의 설명력은 약 86.4%, 엽록소량과 치환성 칼륨은 약 83.7%였다.

Soil biofiltration is an environmentally-sound technology for elimination of VOCs, odorous and NOx compounds from a low concentration, high volume waste gas streams because of its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. This study was performed to evaluate effect of removal of gaseous NOx using a soil and a yellow soil. Over 60% and 48% of NOx from a soil and a yellow soil was removed at the inlet NO concentrations of 423~ 451ppb, respectively. The bio-filter using a soil media was capable of purifying NOx with a different natural processes. Although some of the processes are quite complex, they can broadly be summarized as adsorption into soil pore water, and biochemical transformations by soil bacteria. When the filteration bio-reactor was applied to a soil and a yellow soil, effective NOx removal was obtained for several times and months. These results show that a soil biofilter can be of use as an alternative advanced NOx treatment system.

The purpose of this study is to illustrate the characteristics of soil organic matter (SOM) and partition coefficient (KDOC). Humic substances (HS) from eight soils of varying properties were extracted by two different methods. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration was stabilized in 22hrs. The ratio of UV absorbance at 465nm and 665nm (E4/E6 ratio) for HS were similar pattern for 8 soils. The extraction with increasing pH increased dissolution of SOM. The ratio of organic carbon (OC) associated with HA and FA (the HA:FA ratio) was varied widely in accordance with the soils and was highly correlated to OC content(%) of the soils. In modeling metal speciation in soils and soil solutions, assumptions that all DOC in soil solution is associated with FA and that HA:FA ratio in SOM is constant have been made. The results of this study indicate that the validity of these assumptions is questionable. By sequential pH extraction, the KDOC showed in a linear correlation with pH.

Soil is one of the most fundamental elements as well as with water and air in studies associated with the environment, in addition, it is one of the important environmental mediums that constructs a basis of the biological system and performs various roles of matter circulation. This study was carried out in Seoul, in May 2000 to evaluate variation in the concentration levels and distribution characteristics for PAH compounds in soil. Soil samples were collected from 33 sites covering traffic, factory, incineration and mountain groups and the PAHs were analyzed. The results show a wide distribution range of PAHs concentrations between 14.66 ng/g and 1,219.35 ng/g. The highest concentration levels exist at Sungsu-2 of the factory group (FS-2). Daemo-3 of the Mountain group (MD-3) presents the lowest levels as compared with the other sites. PAH compounds including mutagenic and carcinogenic materials show high concentrations in the traffic and factory groups and a high ratio in the mountain group. Besides, these compounds absorbed with micro particles might be spread out over a wide region associated with particles' movement and diffusion. After principal component analysis of the soil samples, the results indicated that the sources of PAHs in the soil were divided into two groups, pesticides and vehicles.

퉁퉁마디 자생지, 염전, 폐염전(간척지) 토양 분석결과 토성은 식양질이며, pH는 알카리성이었다. 전질소와 인산은 용탈에 의해 결핍된 상태이나, 치환성 양이온인 K, Mg, Ca은 풍부하였다. 염류농도는 0.70~3.15%이었다. 염분 농도에 따른 퉁퉁마디 초장 성장 상태를 살펴본 결과 1~4%의 토양염분조건에서 초장 성장과 생존률이 좋았으며, 고염의 토양에서는 성장이 둔화되고, 생존율이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 시비조건에 따른 퉁퉁마디 성장 실험에서는 질소의 경우 7~9 kg/10a에서, 인산의 경우는 첨가비율이 가장 많은 12 kg/10a 조건에서 퉁퉁마디 초장 성장에 유의한 효과를 보였으며, 칼륨의 경우에서는 비처리구에 비해 유의한 차이를 보였지만 처리 조건간에는 초장 성장의 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 염분과 온도조건에 따른 발아실험의 경우, 실험 조건내에서 염분과는 음의 상관관계를 보였으며, 온도와는 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 그리고 염분과 온도의 상호작용 효과를 고려할 경우, 저염조건 0~5/‰ 및 고온조건 20~30℃에서 발아상태가 좋았다. 퉁퉁마디 대단위 재배에서, 점파에 의한 단위면적당 생산량은5.40~5.90 kg이었으며, 산파 파종에 의한 단위면적당 생산량은 4.01~4.20 kg으로 점파에 의한 생산량이 산파에 비해 높은 유의한 차이를 보였다. 재배에 의한 생산량과 자생지의 생산량을 비교 분석한 결과, 재배가 자생지 생산량에 비해 점파에 의한 생산량이 2.7배, 산파에 의한 생산량이 1.9배 높은 것으로 나타났다.

Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the behavior of metalaxyl in environment, which was used as pesticide in green soil of golf course and as functions of the characteristics of adsorption, desorption and degradation in soil texture and organic matter contents. Acid water containing metalaxyl was conducted to evaluate the effects on adsorption, desorption and degradation. The adsorption of metalaxyl played more significant role in organic contents than clay contents, and pH increases more pH 2.5 than pH 5.6. The desorption of metalaxyl from contaminants soil decreased higher organic contents LS-soil than S-soil, but the desorption amount of metalaxyl increased more pH 5.6 than pH 2.5. The rate of degradation of metalaxyl in green soil environmental increased higher organic contents LS-soil than S-soil and decreased more pH 2.5 than pH 5.6. These results indicated that the behavior of metalaxyl of the green soil was affected the soil texture of the golf course. Increasing of organic contents, the adsorption amount of metalaxyl on soil increased. Moreover, the decrease of the pH of solution increased adsorption amounts and decreased desorption amounts. As the results, the transportation of metalaxyl in soil decreased the acidic rates. The acidification of soil by the acid rain increased the adsorption amount of metalaxyl, but the degradation of metalaxyl decreased. Therefore, it is possible to sustain contamination in run-off the stream and ground water by residuals in soil.

절편씨마를 이용하여 마를 재배할 경우 토성에 따른 괴경의 형태적 특성과 수량성의 차이를 단마 품종 '마1호'와 장마 품종 '안동재래종'을 공시하여 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 사토에서는 괴경의 길이가 짧고 분기의 발생이 많아 괴경의 모양이 좋지 않았다. 양토와 사양토에서는 사토에 비하여 분기 발생이 적어 괴경의 모양이 양호하였으며, 괴경의 생체수량은 단마가 21~27%, 장마가 각 6% 증수되었고 , 상마수량은 단마가 45~55%, 장마가 20~22% 증수되었다. 식양토에서 단마는 괴경의 분지 발생이 다소 많았으며, 장마는 괴경의 굵기가 가늘고 만곡되어 모양이 좋지 않았다.

The soil from constructed wetland system for sewage treatment was analyzed to examine physical and chemical characteristics. Clogging and lowered permeability were the physical matters of concern, and nutrient and salt accumulation were the chemical matters of concern. However, the soil properties of the constructed wetland system after 3 year operation demonstrated no degradation and still the soil works almost same as the initial stage. Encouragingly, no sludge accumulation was observed inside the system. Therefore, it implies that the wetland sewage treatment system can work continuously as long as it is operated and managed properly not to cause excessive pollutant loading.

Pollution characteristics of leachate and underground soil of the two landfill sites were investigated. Domestic wastes were dumped in the two adjacent landfill sites. Only small portion of S landfill site was filled with domestic wastes at the first stage of dumping, and most portion of the site was filled with construction wastes. However Y landfill site was filled with mostly domestic wastes. Higher concentrations of organic pollutants including VOCs were measured in Y landfill site leachate than in S landfill site. Underground soils of the two landfill sites were analyzed by the two kinds of leaching methods, KEP (Korean Extraction process) and Acid Digestion. Underground soils of the both landfill sites were not polluted by leachates. Underground soils of the two were composed of fine silty material. Thus it is found that fine silty soil layer of the sea shore may be used as a landfill site.

이 연구는 강우시 산지사면의토양체와 대공극에서 발생하는 지표하 호우류를 구분하여 측정한 후 이들의 수문학적 특성을 밝히고자 수행하였다. 측정 시설은 미국 Georgia 주에 위치한 지질국 산하 Panola 시험유역의 상류 산지사면에 약 20m 길이의 조사구를 암반 깊이까지 파고 2m 간격으로 집수구를 설치하였다. 대공극류는 조사구 토양단면에 있는 13개의 대공극 중 유출이 발생한 6개의 대공극에 집수통을 설치하여 측정하였다. 1996년 3월 6일부터 7

An one dimensional atmosphere-canopy-soil interaction model is developed to estimate of the heat budget parameter in the atmospheric boundary layer. The canopy model is composed of the three balance equations of energy, temperature, moisture at ground surface and canopy layer with three independent variables of T_f(foliage temperature), T_g(ground temperature), and q_g(ground specific humidity). The model was verified by comparative study with OSUID(Oregon State University One Dimensional Model) proved in HAPEX-MOBILHY experiment. Also we applied this model in two dimensional land-sea breeze circulation. According to the results of this study, surface characteristics considering canopy acted importantly upon the simulation of meso-scale circulation. The factors which used in the numerical experiment are as follows ; the change for a sort of soll(sand and peat), the change for shielding factor, and the change for a kind of vegetation.

Chemical characteristics of the industrial wastewater sludge, degradation of the sludge in soil and CO2 generation and changes of nitrogen in soil treated with the sludge were investigated. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Degradation rate of the sludge in soil was 26% at natural temperature, and 33% at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment. 2. T-C, T-N and the C/N ratio of sludge in soil was 16.0%, 0.63% and 26, respectively, at natural temperature, and 15.0%, 0.65% and 23, respectively, at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment. 3. Camulative CO2 generation in soil treated with 1%, 3% and 5% of sludge was 284, 440 and 512 ㎎/100g, respectively, at natural temperature, and 440, 558 g and 654 ㎎/100 g, respectively, at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment. 4. Changes of inorganic nitrogen in soil treated with 1%, 3% and 5% of sludge were 7.8, 12.8 and 16.3 ㎎/100g, respectively, at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment. Mineralization ratio of organic nitrogen in soil treated with 1%, 3% and 5% of sludge was 10.7%, 13.6% and 15.2%, respectively, at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment. 5. Changes of pH in soil treated with 1%, 3% and 5% of Industrial wastewater sludge were in the range of 6.7∼7.5 at natural temperature, and 6.1∼7.9 at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment.

This study was performed to evaluate the contents of heavy metals in water, sediment and soil of the 7 different sampling points along the West Nakdong river. The results were as follows: the concentrations of Zn, P, Pb, Cd, Mn, Cu and As in the sediment were 197.48, 551.85, 67.01, 2.54, 491.39, 42.95 and 10.52ppm,respectively. The concentrations of Zn, F, Pb, Cd, Mn, Cu and As in the soil was 83.32, 482.89, 17.15, 1.02, 226.02, 26.15 and 7.29ppm, respectively, The concentration ratios of heavy metals in the water to the sediment were 593 - 12700 (Cd >> Cu > Zn > Mn > As > Pb) and that of the water to the soil were 152 - 5100 (Cu > Cd > Zn > Mn > As >Pb). The correlation coefficients of Cu and Pb were high among the water, sediment and soil. Because the accumulation amounts of heavy metal in the sediment were high, the concentration of heavy metals in the sediment was higher than in soil. The correlation coefficient of heavy metals among water, sediment and soil was high (0.79 - 0.95).

한국 재래 적미(앵미)는 다양한 유전적 변이와 작물학적 특성이 있을 것으로 추측되어 유전자측으로서의 유용성을 검정하고자 경상남북도에서 수집한 적미중 생웅적으로 특징있는 장입형 적미 10계통, 단입형 적미 10계통 등 20계통과 대조품종으로 삼강벼, 섬진벼를 공시하여 수확후 저장기한에 따른 휴면정도, 수중발아 및 토중발아 등 발아특성을 검정한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 한국 재래 장. 단입형 적미는 수확직후 99%이상의 발아율을 보여 휴면성이 거의 없었다. 2. 장입형 적미는 수심 7cm에서 83.5%의 식물체의 묘 출현율을 보였고 단입형 적미는 수심 11cm에서 83.5%의 묘 출현율을 보여 실용상 지장이 없는 입묘율이 확보되었으나 대조품종인 삼강벼는 수심 7cm이상에서 섬진벼는 수심 11cm 이상에서 전혀 출현하지 못하였다. 3. 토심 7cm에서 장입형 적미는 71.7% 단입형 적미는 73.9%의 묘 출현율을 보였으며 대조품종인 삼강벼와 섬진벼는 각각 40.0%, 28.0%를 보였다. 4. 한국 재래 적미는 직파재배의 유용 유전자측으로 이용 가능성이 높은 것으로 평가 되었다.