The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of school foodservice dietitians' work value on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions. Also, this study explored the role of the expectation to the institution of nutrition teachers as a moderating variable in three relationships: 1) between work value and job satisfaction, 2) between work value and organizational commitment, and 3) between work value and turnover intentions. This study surveyed dietitians who worked at school foodservice in Kyunggii and Daegu·Gyeoungbuk province. A total of 509 responses were collected using on-site survey and online survey (response rate 59.3%). This study conducted hierarchical regression analysis to test the moderating effect of the expectation to the institution of nutrition teachers. Results of hierarchical regression showed that work value of status upgrade had a positive effect on job satisfaction to promotion opportunity and salary, and such effect was more significantly apparent in high expectation to new work. In addition, work value of status upgrade had a positive effect on turnover intention, and such effect was more significantly apparent in low expectation to new work environment improvement. Work value of work activity preference also appeared to have a positive effect on organizational commitment, and such effect was more significantly apparent in high expectation to social status and professionalism.
This paper intends to test the relationship between organizational justice(procedural justice, distributive justice, interactive justice) and turnover intention, and the moderating effect of employee tenure. Data for this purpose were gathered from 571 employees in small and medium service industry of Seoul, Kyeonggi, and Kangwon province.
Result of multiple regression showed that perceived procedural justice, distributive justice, and interactive justice have an negative effect on turnover intention. And results of hierarchical multiple regression to test the moderating effect of tenure showed that procedural justice has an negative effect on turnover intention, and such effect is more significantly apparent in short tenure employees. Distributive justice also appeared to have an negative effect on turnover intention, and such effect was more significantly apparent in short tenure employees. Interactive justice had an negative effect on turnover intention, and such effect appeared to be same irrespective of tenure.
Since IMF system was introduced once, downsizing has been usual phenomenon in business sphere. Downsizing influences the unemployed, and also the survivors such as in job stress, communication bias, lower organizational commitment and so on. This paper reviewed the relationship between organizational commitment and service quality, and the moderating effect of sex in hotel. Based on the responses from 494 hotel employees, the results of multiple regressional analysis showed that affective OC and normative OC have affirmative effects on service quality. The results of moderating analysis showed that continuance OC has an affirmative interactive-effect on responsiveness, assurance, and empathy with gender, and affective OC an negative interactive-effect on assurance.
EWMA관리도는 SPC 기술 중 가피원인을 탐지하는 기술이 최근품질특성에 가중치가 주어져 미래를 예측하는 능력이 우수하다. EWMA관리도와 EPC의 통합은 연속공정산업에서 성공적으로 사용되고 있다고 널리 인식되어 있다. 그러나, 이산적인 부품 제조공정의 탐지와 연속 생산공정 산업과 그중에서도 제조공정 산업에서의 이들 기법을 적용하기 위해서는 샘플링비율, 고장감지, 실시간 보정과 공정통제에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 SPC와 EPC의 차이를 비교분석하고, 제조공정 산업에서 EWMA와 EPC를 성공적으로 통합하여 제품품질특성에 적용하여 변동을 감소시키는 사례연구를 제시하고자 한다.
With Balling, Loughlin and Kelloway's(2002) research, occupational safety and health literatures begin to emphasize the influence of superior and organizational context. Based on this research trend, this paper tried to review the relationship between safety-specific transformational leadership and employee safety compliance, and the moderating effect of A-type personality on such relationship. Based on the responses from 643 manufacturing workers, the results of statistical analysis showed that perceived charisma and individual consideration have affirmative effects on the employee safety compliance. The extent individual consideration impacts on employee compliance is proved to be positively influenced by A-type personality.
With Zohar(1980)'s research on safety climate and industrial safety, occupational safety and health literatures begin to emphasize the influence of organizational context. Based on this research trend, this paper tried to review the relationship between safety efforts and employee safety participation, and the moderating effect of safety motivation on such relationship. Based on the responses from 643 manufacturing workers, the results of statistical analysis showed that company precaution activity and management safety involvement have affirmative effects on the employee safety participation, but safety education has not. The extent precaution activity forces on participation activity was proved to be influenced by employee safety motivation.
With Zohar(l980)'s research on safety climate and industrial safety, occupational safety and health literatures begin to emphasize the influence of organizational context. Based on this research trend, this paper tried to review the relationship between safety efforts and employee safety participation, and the moderating effect of safety motivation on such relationship. Based on the responses from 643 manufacturing workers, the results of statistical analysis showed that company precaution activity and management safety involvement have affirmative effects on the employee safety participation, but safety education has not. The extent precaution activity forces on participation activity is proved to be influenced by employee safety motivation.
이 글은 2003~2018년까지 16년간 중국이 아세안(동남아국가연합)에 직접 투자한 패널 데이터를 수집해 분석한 것으로, IMF의 대표적 금융기관 발전 수준을 보여주는 FI (Financial Institution Index)와 금융시장 발전 수준을 보여주는 FM (Financial Markets Index)을 채택해 ASEAN의 금융 발전 수준을 가늠 하는 변수로 삼았다. 각국의 정치적 수준을 대변하는 WGI(Worldwide Governance Indicators)와 각국의 인간개발지수를 나타내는 HDI (Human Development Index)를 채택해 아세안 사회 환경을 가늠 하는 변수로 삼았다. 이를 조절변수로 삼아 아세안에 대한 중국의 직접투자를 각각 상호작용을 하여 중국의 직접투자가 아세안의 경제에 미치는 영향을 관측하였다. 그 결과 중국의 동남아국가연합(ASEAN)에 대한 직접투자가 유치국 경제 성장에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 동시에 아세안의 사회 환경과 금융 발전은 중국의 직접 투자에 대해 부정적인 조정 작용을 가져온다.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the moderating effects of experience motivations based on relationships between physical environment and visitors’ satisfaction of Jeonju Hanok Village. With respect to these matters, I hope that the result of this study can contribute to establishing marketing strategies to further enhance the competitiveness of Jeonju Hanok Village. First, attractiveness, convenience, and cleanliness of the physical environment of Jeonju Hanok Village have positive effects on visitors’ satisfaction level; yet, accessibility and entertainment were found not to have significant impacts. Second, experience motivations have moderating effects between convenience and visitors’ satisfaction, and cleanliness and visitors’ satisfaction. Due to limitations on sampling methods, one needs to take caution to generalize the result of the study and implement the result in practice subsequentially. However, I think that there was a meaningful result, which successfully expanded the area of research, by analyzing the influence of the physical environment of Jeonju Hanok Village on visitors’ satisfaction and analyzing the moderating effect of experience motivation.
목적: 본 연구에서는 통증전문 운동치료인 SNPE(Self Natural Posture Exercise) 참여 후, 통증과 우울감소에 미치 는 직접영향력과 신체상 자기차이와 신체적 자기개념의 상호작용이 우울정서 경험에 미치는 간접영향력을 함께 검증하였다. 방법: 반복측정실험설계를 통해 만성통증을 겪고 있는 참여자 104명(여자=93명)을 대상으로 12주간 SNPE 프로그램 참여 전/후 통증, 우울, 신체상과 신체적 자기개념을 측정하였다. 결과: SNPE 참여 전과 비교했 을 때, 통증과 우울은 감소하였고, 더 마른 체형을 원하는 갈망 또한 줄어들었으며, 신체적 자기개념은 좋아졌다. SNPE 참여 전 통증과 우울의 부적관련성이 SNPE 참여 후 낮아졌으므로 SNPE 참여 후 감소된 통증이 우울감소에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤을 것으로 예상할 수 있다. 그리고 참여자의 체지방이 감소할 때, 신체상 자기차이가 우울 정서 감소로 이어지는 간접효과도 함께 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 논의: SNPE와 같은 운동치료법은 통증감소는 물론, 신체상 자기차이로 인하여 유발되는 우울감 개선에도 도움이 되므로 운동치료법이 지닌 여러 장점을 재확인 할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과로 실용적으로 현장에 적용할 수 있는 방안과 함께 연구의 한계점과 향후 연구방향에 대해서도 논하였다.
This study was conducted to analyze factors affecting acceptance of smart farm technology. Smart farm technology is rapidly being introduced to agriculture in accordance with the progress of the 4th Industrial Revolution, but research on this is still little. Therefore, in this study, based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), a research model reflecting the characteristics of smart farm technology was constructed. To test this, empirical analysis was performed. A survey was conducted for students in smart farm technology education and adult male and female farmers who are currently planning to operate smart farms. Valid 204 sample were used for analysis. The hypothesis test was based on multiple regression analysis using SPSS 24 statistical package. For the mediating effect and moderating effect, Process Macro 3.4 based on the regression equation was used. The results of testing the hypothesis are as follows. First, in the causal hypothesis test, it was shown that performance expectancy, social influence and price value have a significant positive effect on the intention to use smart farm technology. On the other hand, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions were not tested for a significant influence on the use of smart farm technology. As a result of analyzing the mediating effect of trust, it was found that trust plays a mediating role between performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, price value and intention to use smart farm technology. In particular, the effort expectancy has not been tested for a direct significant effect on intention to use smart farm technology, but it has been shown to have an impact through trust. Trust was found to be a full mediating between the effort expectancy and the intention to use the smart farm technology. The current IT level of prospective users has been shown to play a moderating role between performance expectancy, facilitating conditions and intention to use smart farm technology. In particular, the IT level was found to strengthen the relationship between performance expectancy and intention to use smart farm technology. Based on the results of these studies, academic and practical implications were suggested.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is, in the situation where rapid response to the rapidly changing environment is required due to the development of the fourth industrial revolution such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and the internet of things, robotics, big data, additive manufacturing, bio-health, sharing economy and in the organizational culture aspiring toward the innovation of a major company, small business and a public institution, to analyze what influence a job-engagement and stress make, and what influence individual‟s self-efficacy as a moderator mediator makes, and to offer basic data for improving job-engagement and lowering job-stress. Research design, data, and methodology: For doing this, the literature and the empirical studies were combined. Deriving innovationoriented organizational culture as factors affecting the job engagement and job stress through the literature, and have established hypotheses to verify them. We have collected data of 281 from ex,ecutives and staff-members working in areas including major company, small business and officials (the central government, a local public service, the prosecution, the police, and school). And these data were analyzed by SPSS 23 version. Results: Based on these data, the results of analysis were as follows; First, the innovationoriented organizational culture which was recognized by organizational members had effect on job-stress. Second, the innovationoriented organizational culture which was recognized by organizational members influenced job-stress. Third, in the relationship between the innovation-oriented organizational culture and job-engagement, self-efficacy did not influenced job-engagement. Finally, in the relationship between the innovation-oriented organizational culture and job-stress, self-efficacy influenced job-stress. Conclusions: Innovation-oriented organizational culture places importance on the organization's adaptability and flexibility in the external environment, so companies need to establish an innovation-oriented organizational culture favorable to achieving survival and successful innovation, and to develop and disseminate programs of positive and continuous organizations to improve task enthusiasm, reduce task stress, and enhance organizational performance. In the future, it will be necessary to verify the effectiveness of various organizational culture types through comparative analysis with companies that actively maintain an innovation-oriented organizational culture (Google, Kakao, etc.) and companies that prefer hierarchy-oriented organizational culture, relationship-oriented organizational culture, and market-oriented organizational culture.
Purpose – This study examined the relationship between individual creativity and its related variables to observe how individual creativity contributes to organizational performance. In addition, this study strived to explore how to maximize the utilization of individual creativity and innovate the structure of the organization itself so that teams and organizations can respond more effectively to new rising trends. this study aimed to examine whether the value congruence between individuals and organizations (propensity congruence, goal congruence has a significant impact on knowledge sharing and innovation behavior as dependent variables by exerting individual creativity and synergy as independent variables. Research design, data and methodology – SPSS 24.0 program were used to analyze the data. Descriptive Statistics and correlation analysis were performed, and the reliability factor (Cronbach's ⍺) was calculated. Afterwards, we analyzed the moderating effects of structural equation model analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The number of samples used in the study were 309 copies. Results – First, Individual creativity had a positive effect on knowledge sharing and innovative behavior. In other words, it was confirmed that decision-making processes fused with individual creativity could create an atmosphere of knowledge sharing and transform the organization. Second, value congruence adjusted the influence of individual creativity on knowledge sharing and innovation behavior. Conclusions – First, it is important for managers to recognize the value and secure the pool of creative talents who will be a potential future basic source of organizational success and competitive advantage. Second, managers should be able to identify those with creative talents and expertise, and use them to increase their knowledge sharing performance, while also developing emotional and motivational creativity. Third, in order improve knowledge sharing performance, managers should pay attention to the emotional aspect of creativity. Fourth, managers should strive to create an environment that is beneficial for the reinforcement of individual self-management capabilities. Fifth, managers should be able to develop decision-making processes to develop potential creativity and encourage creative thinking, opinions, or solutions. Sixth, managers should promote the dissemination and integration of new knowledge based on the creative views and attitudes of team members.
The purpose of this study is to derive various clues for the establishment of marketing strategies for companies that produce and sell high-involvement products for Millennials who are not the subject of current consumption but who will lead future consumption. For this purpose, this study aimed to derive 17 factors of high-involvement product selection attributes through FGI, and its relationship on repurchase intention after make a variable through PCA. A total of 158 valid questionnaires were used, and IPA, independent sample t-test, regression analysis, and hierarchical controlled regression analysis were performed. The results showed that overall, external and internal selection factors had a positive influence on repurchase intentions, and in particular, appealing to internal and external selection factors in order to promote repurchase intention. Meanwhile, the Millennials were found to have no gender difference. Therefore, the company producing and selling high-involvement products suggests that it is necessary to make a priority effort to secure brand awareness, trust in product producers, store trust, and product self-reputation as components of internal selection factors. It was also concluded that more strategic efforts were needed to focus on and appeal to the characteristics of the Millennial itself rather than to consider gender differences.
Purpose - This study is to verify the mediating effect of voluntariness in retirement and the moderating effects of leisure life to examine which parts of later life preparations have influence on the retired life.
Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, the 6th Korean Retirement and Income Study was conducted on 5,254 members of households with householders over the age of 50. To examine the relationship between later life preparation and retired life, this study used personal data based on the serial number of the household members. Results - First, physical preparation for later life had a positive influence on retired life satisfaction among retirement satisfaction. People showed higher retired life satisfaction. Secondly, physical preparation for later life had a positive influence on satisfaction over relationship after retirement among retirement satisfaction. People showed higher satisfaction over relationship after retirement when they were more physically prepared for later life.
Conclusions – In particular, leisure life had a mediating effect for the influence of physical preparation for later life on the retired life. Also, leisure life and physical preparation for later life showed a close influencing relationship. People showed active leisure life and higher retired life satisfaction when they were more physically prepared for later life.
Purpose - Unlike in the past, individualistic thought is more dominant than groupism where members prioritize organizations. Such changes run counter to the direction of the survival of the companies, which calls for companies to explore strategies to address thems. As one of the solutions, many people highlights social capital. However, since most studies have been conducted on the definition and characteristics of social capital, there is not enough prior factor research on the formation of social capital. So the current situation require researches on the formation of social capital.
Research design, data, and methodology - To achieve the purpose, the literature and the empirical studies were combined. Deriving workplace democracy and servant leadership as factors affecting the formation of social capital through the literature, and this factors have modeled assumptions about the impact on social capital, and have established hypotheses to verify them. The survey which is conducted to verify the hypothesis and questionnaires are derived base on the variables used in the previous studies. The survey was conducted 447 respondents in Korea.
Results - As a result, we found that the workplace democracy is positively functioning with the formation of social capital. It means that the democracy functions as a universal element to enhance the quality of social capital at the workplace. The evidence also shows that the positive impacts of the servant leadership on the formation of social capital. And the survey shows that groups with high level servant leadership had a higher impact on the formation of social capital than those with low levels leadership.
Conclusions – At present, the social capital has become an important factor for the companies pursuing high performance workplaces. We found that the workplace democracy and the servant leadership affect the formation of social capital. It means that to increase the employees’ sense of community and solidarity, it is need to form democratic environment with the servant leadership. Therefore, based on the results of this study, the workplace democracy and the servant leadership can present strategic implications that can increase the social capital.
Purpose - Previous studies on the influence of appeal types of advertising messages on pro-social behavior have shown inconsistent results. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the appeal type of advertising affects consumer’s prosocial behavior. In particular, the authors investigated whether the social exclusion moderates the relationship between the appeal type of advertising and prosocial behavior.
Research design, data and Methodology - To verify the hypothesis, two experimental study were conducted. The experimental study was 2(appeal type : self-benefit vs. other-benefit) by 2(social exclusion : being ignored vs. being rejected) between-subject design. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions. The experiment was conducted using a computer. First, the participants was exposed to the advertising image used in the social campaign, and then responded to questions about social behavior. The participants completed the experiment after further responding to the item for manipulation check and demographic measure. The experiment took about 10 minutes in total.
Results - In Study 1, a global warming campaign with participation intention variable, other-benefit ads rather than self-benefit ads drive consumers who feel socially rejected to be more willing and likely to participate, but consumers who feel socially ignored are more likely to participate the campaign in self-benefit ad than other-benefit ad. Study 2 replicates the findings, a child poverty relief campaign with an amount-to-donate variable: consumers who feel explicitly rejected allocate more dollars to the charity in response to other-benefit rather than self-benefit ads, but consumers who being ignored are willing to donate more money.
Conclusion - This study has theoretical contribution in that it expands existing theories by explaining the existing inconsistent results of the message appeal influence on pro-social behavior through new control variables. In addition, the results have important managerial implications, suggesting marketers should tailor their marketing message to match the consumer situation.
Personality factors and ethical values are considered as vital element in social and professional life. This present research aims to explore the relationship between Personality and Job Satisfaction. Further, we tried to test the moderating effect of Islamic work ethics (IWE) in the relationship of Personality traits with Job satisfaction. Convenience sampling was used in defining sample as in Pakistan there is no data base which provides information regarding number of employees. Due to moderating variable the data has been collected from respondents who identify themselves as Muslim. To collect data from respondents Self-administered, close-ended questionnaires and e-questionnaire were used in this study and respondents were targeted in the normal working environment. Correlation and regression analysis was used to analyze the data statistically. The results of study indicated that neuroticism exhibits significant negative effect on job satisfaction. Also, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness showed positive effect on job satisfaction. Whereas, extraversion exhibits no effect on job satisfaction and IWE has a negative effect on job satisfaction. However, the output indicates that IWE do not act as moderator in the relation of agreeableness and conscientiousness with job satisfaction moderation effect of IWE is observed between the relationship of neuroticism, extraversion and openness to experience with job satisfaction.
본 연구는 국내 4년제 대학교에 재학 중인 외국인 유학생을 대상으로 이들이 경험하는 문화적응 스트레스가 우울에 영향을 미치는지 알아보고, 이중문화역량이 문화적응 스트레스와 우울의 관계를 조절하는지 알아보았다. 이를 위해 서울 및 경기도 소재 4년제 대학교에 재학 중인 외국인 유학생 144명의 설문지 자료를 분석에 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 문화적응 스트레스는 우울과 유의미한 정적상관을, 이중문화역량과 부적상관을 나타냈고, 이중문화역량은 우울과 유의미한 부적상관을 나타냈다. 둘째, 국내 외국인 유학생들이 지각하는 문화적응 스트레스는 이들의 우울을 유의미하게 증가시켰다. 즉, 이들이 경험하는 문화적응 스트레스는 우울에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 국내 외국인 유학생들이 지각하는 문화적응 스트레스와 우울의 관계에서 이중문화역량은 조절변인 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 이들이 경험하는 문화적응 스트레스가 크더라도 높은 수준의 이중문화역량을 지니고 있으면 이들이 경험하는 우울의 수준은 그리 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 이론적 논의와 제한점 및 제언을 논의하였다.
Researchers have confirmed the relationship between ambidexterity learning and innovation performance, but according to the resourcebased theory, the relationship between ambidexterity learning and innovation performance is also affected by the internal resources of the organization. Internal resources are an important factor affecting the transformation of learning outcomes into performance. In addition, few scholars have pointed out whether different types of learning have different effects on different types of innovation performance. This study collects data from 170 High-tech enterprises in Shandong, china, and discusses the effects of exploitative learning and explorative learning on management innovation performance and technological innovation performance .This study further examines the moderating role of slack resource on the relationship between ambidexterity learning and innovation performance. Results show that ambidexterity learning has positive effect on innovation performance. Compared with exploitative learning, explorative learning has a greater impact on management innovation performance; compared with explorative learning, exploitative learning has a greater impact on technological innovation performances. Slack resource has positive moderating role between the relationship of exploitative learning, explorative learning and technology innovation performance. But Slack resource has no moderating role between the relationship of exploitative learning, explorative learning and management innovation performance.