Bacillus thuringiensis 변종(變種)들로부터 Extrachromosomal DNA를 추출분리(抽出分離)코저 종래(從來)의 방법(方法)을 보완(補完)하여 적용(適用)한바 분자량(分子量)의 크기가 1 Megadalton에서 135 Megadalton에 이르는 plasmid들을 분리(分離)함에 보다 효과적(效果的)이었고 또 이 plasmid들을 이용(利用), 제한효소(制限酵素)에 의(依)한 유전자배열작성(遺傳子配列作成) 및 gene Cloning을 하는데 비교적(比較的) 안정(安定)된 많은 양(量)의 세포용해물(細胞溶解物)을 얻을 수 있었다. 파리목과 나비목에 각기(各其) 독성(毒性)이 다른 Bacillus thuringiensis 6개(個) 변종(變種)으로부터 plasmid들을 분리(分離)한 결과(結果) 분자량(分子量)이 큰 50 Megadalton 이상(以上)의 plasmid들이 공시(供試) 된 모든 변종(變種)으로부터 추출(抽出)되었으며 이들 plasmid의 수(數)를 보면 israelensis로부터 8개(個) kurstaki로부터 10개(個) 로부터 13개(個) dendrolimus로부터 2개(個), finitimus로부터 1개(個) 그리고 yunnanensis로부터 6개(個)가 각각(各各) 검출(檢出)되었다. 공시(供試)된 변종중(變種中) 4개(個)의 변종(變種)으로부터는 2 Megadalton 이하(以下)의 적은 plasmid들도 추출(抽出)되었다.

토양(土壤) 중(中)의 식물기주선충(植物寄株線蟲)을 체법(法)과 깔대기법(法)을 병용(竝用)하여 분리(分離)할 때 사용(使用)되는 선충분리용(線蟲分離用) 여과지(據過紙)를 선발(選拔)키 위(爲)하여 시판(市販)되고 있는 화장지(化粧紙) 중(中)에서 국내(國內) 5개(個) 회사(會社) 10개(個) 제품(製品)과 화란에서 선충분리용(線蟲分離用)으로 제작(製作)된 Cotton-wool Nematode Filter와 비교(比較)하여 분리율(分離率)을 조사(調査)하였고 온도(溫度) 및 시간(時間) 별(別)로 선충분리율(線蟲分離率)을 조사(調査)하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었기에 보고(報告)한다. 1. 시판(市販) 화장지(化粧紙)의 선충분리율(線蟲分離率)은 2매(枚) 사용(使用) 시(時)는 Champ Sapphire, Crown Hankie, Scotties Bird 등(等) 3종(種)은 토양(土壤) 200ml당(當) 선충분리수(線蟲分離數)가 453, 419, 312마리로 Nematode Filter의 227마리에 비(比)하여 분리율(分離率)이 월등(越等)히 높았으며 1% 수준(水準)에서 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었으나 Clarity가 E급(級)으로 흐려서 검경(檢鏡)이 곤란(困難)하였다. 그리고 Monaliza Finely Soft와 Crown Table Napkin은 선충분리수(線蟲分離數)가 175, 193마리로 Nematode Filter에 비(比)하여 약간 낮았으나 Clarity는 C급(級)으로 나타났고 Kleenex New Softness는 240마리로 분리율(分離率)은 높게 나타났으나 Clarity가 C급(級)이며 강도(强度)가 약(弱)하였다. 4매(枚) 사용(使用) 시(時)는 Champ Sapphire, Crown Hankie, Scotties Bird. Beau Clean Silvia, Kleenex New Softness, Monaliza Finely Soft등(等) 6종(種)이 비교적(比較的) 분리율(分離率)이 높았다. 그 중(中)에서 Champ Sapphire는 219마리로 Nematode Filter와 분리율(分離率)이 비슷하였으나 Clarity가 C급(級)이며 강도(强度)가 약(弱)하여 잘 찢어지므로 사용(使用)이 불편(不便)하였고 Crown Hankie는 198마리로 Nematode Filter에 비(比)하여 분리율(分離率)이 다소(多少) 낮게 나타났으나 Clarity가 B급(級)이며 강도(强度)도 강(强)하게 나타났으므로 국내(國內)에 시판(市販) 중(中)인 화장지(化粧紙) 중(中)에서 선충분리용(線蟲分離用) 여과지(濾過紙)로는 Crown Hankie 4매(枚) 사용(使用)이 가장 적합(適合)한 것으로 사료(思料)된다. 2. 토성(土性)에 따른 선충분리율(線蟲分離率)은 Loamy sand, Sandy loam, Clay loam 공(共)히 Champ Sapphire가 가장 분리율(分離率)이 높았고 Crown Hankie, Beau Clean Silvia 등(等)의 순(順)이었다. 3. 향수(香水) 처리(處理)되지 않은 화장지(化粧紙)는 향수(香水) 처리(處理)된 화장지(化粧紙)에 비(比)하여 Kleenex New Softness는 53% 더 높은 분리율(分離率)을 보였고 Monaliza Finely Soft는 23% 더 높은 분리율을 나타냈으므로 선충분리용(線蟲分離用)으로는 향수처리(香水處理)되지 않은 것이 더 좋은 것으로 사료(思料)된다. 4. 온도별(溫度別) 선충분리율(線蟲分離率)을 에서 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 전체적(全體的)으로 에서 분리율(分離率)이 가장 높게 나타났다. 5. 시간경과(時間經過)에 따른 선충분리율(線蟲分離率)은 12시간(時間) 후(後)가 35.3 %이고 24시간(時間) 후(後)가 40.3%로 가장 높게 나다났다가 36시간(時間) 이후(以後)부터는 분리율(分離率)이 급격(急激)히 감소(減少)되었다. 그러므로 선충분리(線蟲分離) 시간(時間)은 시간(時間)이 가장 적합(適合)한 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

멸구류에 대한 수도품종 저항성 검정방법을 개발하고저 방사성 동위원소 를 이용하여 본 시험을 수행하였다. 전편에서 얻어진 결과를 활용하여 멸구별, 멸구충태별, 접종시간별 벼멸구 흡즙량 차이와 품종별 벼멸구 흡즙량을 조사한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 가. 벼멸구, 흰등멸구, 애멸구 순으로 흡즙량이 많았으며 암컷이 숫컷보다 공시멸구류 모두 흡즙량이 많았다. 나. 벼멸구의 각태별 흡즙량은 성충, 5령충, 성충), 4령 순으로 많았으며 충접종시간은 접종 24시간48시간에서는 일정한 흡즙령을 나타냈다. 다. 벼멸구의 벼품종별 흡즙량은 저항성 품종인 밀양 47호에서는 839 CPM인 반면 감수성 품종인 TN 1에서는 88,603 CPM을 나타 내었다. 따라서 본시험에서의 검정방법과 유묘집단검정방법과는 일치하였다.

멸구류에 대한 품종저항성 검정법을 개발하고자 동위원소 를 이용 식물체를 통하여 충체에 이행된 방출량을 G.M. Counter로 조사하므로서 저항성 정도를 판별하기 위한 연구중 일차적으로 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 가. 공시기구 개발 : 공시기구 개발을 위해 4가지 형의 기구를 공시하였는데 B,C,D형 기구는 공시법과 용액과 분리된 시험기구로서 이중 D형이 가장 취급이 간편하며 안전하게 의 흡즙량을 조사할 수 있었다(Fig. 1). 나. 의 적정량 : 식물체에 흡수시킬시 2Ml 까지 비슷한 경향을 보였으나 흡즙시간의 경과에 따라서 용액을 식물체가 흡수하여 차츰 적은 량으로 되어 뿌리의 활력에 따라서 개체간 흡수량의 차이가 생길 우려가 있어 의 용액이 요구되었다. 의. 의 방사능 세기 : 까지는 충체에 미치는 영향이 없었으며 처리별로 각각 충분한 CPM의 방사능을 나타내었기에 내외의 방사능 세기가 멸구류 검정시 효과적으로 본다. 라. 충표식방법 및 충탈피각내 잔류량 : :식물성의 흡수를 통한 표식이 효과적이었으로 충탈피각내에는 잔류량이 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다.

To identify rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars suitable for Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)–rice double cropping systems, we investigated the yield and grain quality of four different midseason maturing rice cultivars (‘Daebo’, ‘Haepum’, ‘Haiami’, and ‘Samdeog’) and four midseason-to-late maturing rice cultivars (‘Hyunpoom’, ‘Saeilmi’, ‘Saenuri’, and ‘Samkwang’) in single rice cropping and Italian ryegrass–rice double cropping systems in paddy fields of Miryang, South Korea. We found that organic matter and available P2O5 content slightly decreased, whereas Na content increased, in the soil where Italian ryegrass was cultivated during winter compared to that in the soil that remained fallow during winter. The pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, and contents of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+ decreased, whereas the available P2O5 content slightly increased, in the soil where rice was harvested in both single and double cropping systems. However, compared to the optimum soil conditions for rice cultivation, available P2O5 and K+ content were high and Mg2+ content was low in both single and double cropping systems. At the heading stage, the culm length and leaf color slightly increased in most of the rice cultivars, whereas the panicle length and number slightly decreased, in the double cropped system. After harvesting, spikelet number and milled rice yield did not show a significant difference between single and double cropping systems. However, the ripened grain rate and weight per thousand grains increased slightly in the ‘Saeilmi’ and ‘Samkwang’ cultivars but remained either stable or slightly low in other cultivars in the double cropping system. The milled rice yield was high (> 500 kg/10a) in ‘Daebo’ and ‘Haepum’ among midseason maturing rice cultivars, and in ‘Saeilmi’ and ‘Saenuri’ among midseason-to-late maturing rice cultivars, in both single and double cropping systems. The head rice rate was high in midseason maturing rice cultivars in the double cropping systems, reaching > 70% in ‘Haepum’ and ‘Haiami’ cultivars, whereas it decreased in most midseason-to-late maturing rice cultivars (excluding ‘Samkwang’ cultivar), in double cropping systems. Particularly, it exceeded > 70% in the ‘Saenuri’ cultivar in both single and double cropping systems. The protein content in milled rice increased, whereas the amylose content either remained stable or slightly increased, in double cropping systems. The Toyo taste value decreased in all midseason-to-late maturing rice cultivars and slightly increased in the ‘Daebo’ and ‘Haiami’ cultivars among midseason maturing rice cultivars in double cropping systems. However, Toyo taste values in the ‘Haepum’, ‘Haiami’, and ‘Saenuri’ cultivars exceeding > 80% in both single and double cropping systems. Therefore, we recommend ‘Haepum’, ‘Haiami’, and ‘Saenuri’ cultivars as candidates for Italian ryegrass–rice double cropping systems due to high yield, head rice rate, and Toyo taste value.

For management of soybean parasitic cyst nematodes, this study was conducted to investigate the resistance of the Korean soybean cultivars to HG type 2.5.7 of Heterodera sojae. Among the 44 Korean soybean cultivars, there was only one resistant cultivar ‘Namcheon’. ‘Sobaeknamul’, ‘Socheng No. 2’, ‘Pungsannamul’, ‘Cheongja’, ‘Miryang’ and ‘Daewon’ were moderately resistant to HG 2.5.7 of H. sojae populations. Eleven cultivars including ‘Paldal’ were moderately susceptible and the other cultivars were susceptible. Therefore, soybean cultivar ‘Namcheon’ should be cultivated in H. sojae infested fields, until varieties resistant against Heterodera species are more developed or identified. Moreover, ‘Namcheon’ is not recommended for cultivation because very weak to soybean mosaic virus, and it will be a candidate with resistant cultivar breeding resource.

Sclerotinia rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a devastating disease that poses a serious threat to perilla production in Korea. Identifying effective sources of resistance offers long term prospects for improving management of this disease. Screening disease resistant genetic resources is important for development of disease-resistant, new cultivars and conduct related research. In the present study, perilla germplasm were screened in vitro against S. sclerotiorum using detached leaf method. Among 544 perilla accessions, two were highly resistant (IT226504, IT226533), five were resistant (IT226561, IT226532, IT226526, IT226441, and IT226589), five were moderately resistant (IT226525, IT226640, IT226568, IT220624, and IT178655), 16 were moderately susceptible, 31 were susceptible, and 485 were highly susceptible. The resistant accessions in this study could serve as resistance donor in the breeding of Sclerotinia rot resistance or subjected to selection procedure of varietal development for direct use by breeders, farmers, researchers, and end consumers.

Purpose - This study aims to identify the priorities of medical service quality improvement by customer satisfaction characteristics and potential customer satisfaction improvement (PCSI) index based on the dualistic quality classification of Kano Model (1984) for Comprehensive Health Screeening Center in General Hospitals and Centers only for Comprehensive Health Screening and suggest a direction for future improvement. Research design, data, and methodology - Through advanced research on health screening medical service quality, this study set four service quality factors, including tangible, human, process and supportive factors, and 39 measurement items. Based on these items, the study used 117 questions, which consist of dualistic quality factors, customer satisfaction coefficients, positive and negative questions for PCSI index and questions for current satisfaction. 300 effective samples were collected for adults in their 20s who experienced health screening service in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do and Incheon within the past two years. Collected data were input in the quality evaluation duality table to categorize quality factors and calculate customer satisfaction coefficients by Timko(1993). The study also analyzed PCSI index in comparison with current satisfaction and identified priorities in quality improvement. Results - It was found that the most urgent factors to improve the quality in both groups were adequate waiting hours and emergency response for complications, which are process factors classified as unitary quality. It is urgently needed to improve the quality as the PCSI index was high in supportive factors (complaint response team) as attractive quality in Comprehensive Health Screening Center in General Hospitals and in process factors (prevention of infection) as unitary quality in Centers only for Comprehensive Health Screening. As the PCSI index was low in space use as a tangible factor, it was found that the current level can be maintained instead of improvement. Conclusions - To improve the health screening medical service quality, it is required to focus on process factors (adequate waiting hours, emergency response for complications, prevention of infection) and supportive factors (complaint response team) among service qualities perceived by users. It is proposed to ensure continuous efforts to manage and reinforce priorities as a direction for future improvement in health screening service.

This study was conducted to select candidates from plant resources for the purpose of improving or treating Alzheimer’s disease, a type of dementia. One hundred and eighty-four plant extracts at a final concentration of 100 ㎍/㎖ were screened to determine their capacity to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by in vitro assay. From this AChE assay, seven plant extracts - including methanol ext. and water ext. of Phellaodendron amurense Rupr. (bark), methanol ext. of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (stamen/ovary), methanol ext. of Persicaria tinctoria H. GROSS (flower), methanol ext. of Coptis chinensis (rhizome), ethanol ext. of Cinnamomum cassia Blume(bark) and ethanol ext. of Carthamus tinctorius L. (fruit) - showed effective inhibition activity ranging from 18.7% to 63.1%. The selected extracts were testified their inhibition activities on AChE and BuChE (butyrylcholinesterase) at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200 ㎍/㎖. In the AChE assay, five extracts including methanol ext. of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (stamen/ovary), methanol ext. of Persicaria tinctoria H. GROSS (flower), methanol ext. of Coptis chinensis (rhizome), methanol ext. and water ext. of Phellaodendron amurense Rupr. (bark) showed inhibition activity of 15.0%~73.5%, 19.5%~63.5%, 81.6%~58.5%, 69.9%~80.5%, and 54.8%~78.3%, respectively, at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200 ㎍/㎖. In the BuChE assay, the extracts of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (stamen/ovary), Persicaria tinctoria H. GROSS (flower), and Coptis chinensis (rhizome) showed inhibitory capacities of 58.9~81.6%, 45.8%~72.4%, and 33.1%~55.4% at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200 ㎍/㎖, respectively. In conclusion, it is suggested that Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (stamen/ovary), Persicaria tinctoria H. GROSS, Coptis chinensis (rhizome) and Phellaodendron amurense Rupr. (bark) could be selected as candidate materials for improving or treating Alzheimer’s disease on the basis of further study.

Background : In the process of developing new disease-resistant cultivar of Rehmannia glutinosa, it is essential to screen plants based on resistance to their disease. But until now, we have relied on visual inspection for selection of disease-resistant cultivar. Therefore, this experiment was carried out to establish an efficient and reliable screening system and test the resistance to leaf spot disease in R. glutinosa cultivars developed until now. Methods and Results : We have tested 11 R. glutinosa cultivars developed so far. Rootstock of R. glutinosa were sown in 20 × 20 ㎝ plastic square port and grown in green house at 25 ± 5℃ for four months and then cutting leaves were inoculated with Phoma sp. HCRD 17103 by spraying spore suspention of fungus at concentration of 1 × 107 spore/㎖. The inoculated leaves were incubated in a dew chamber at 25℃ for 48h and then transferred to glass house (25 ± 5℃, RH 80% ≥ ). After 3 - 5 days when the most susceptible cultivar had lesion area over 40%, disease severity of the cultivars was investigated on a scale of 0 - 9 (0 = healthy, 1 = 0 - 1%, 3 = 1.1 - 10%, 5 = 10.1 - 20%, 7 = 20.1 - 40%, 9 = 40.1% over). The degree of resistance was determined according to the disease index (0 and 1 = resistant, 3 = moderately resistant, 5, 7 and 9 = susceptible). As a result of experiments according to the above criteria, the disease index of cultivar Gogang, Dagang, Segang, Yeongang, Wongang, and Dahwang was 1, cultivar Togang, Daegyung, Jiwhang 1 and Goryeo was 3, cultivar Hwanggang was 9, respectively. Conclusion : From the above results, six cultivars such as Gogang, Dagang, Segang, Yeongang, Wongang, and Dahwang were resistant, four cultivar such as Togang, Daegyung, Jiwhang 1 and Goryeo were moderately resistant, and only one cultivar Hwanggang was susceptible to the leaf spot disease by Phoma sp. This experiment used only leaves and we plan to use whole plants in the future to see more accurate resistance response.

Background : Insect pests damages are increasing on the field of Lycium chinense under organic farming management and especially, pest damage of Gelechiidae (Ilseopsis parki Povolny) is serious. Currently, various organic farming materials are registered, but insecticidal activity against Gelechiidae was not verified. Therefore, this experiment was carried out to screening for effective organic farming materials showing insecticidal activity in Gelechiidae. Methods and Results : Screening for effective organic farming materials (OFM) showing insecticidal activity in Gelechiidae, we screening OFMs through in vitro testing Among them, OFMs showing insecticidal activity were first selected through field test. In the field test method, OFMs was sprayed at the time of moth occurrence, after 5 days of treatment, insecticidal activity was investigated as a result, a total of five OFMs were selected through the in vitro test and the Sophora japonica and three plant extracts showed the best control effect at 81.7%. in 2017. In 2018, the 2017 selected OFM and 4 kinds of new OFMs were field tested. The field test was performed in the same method as before. As a result, 2 kinds of OFMs made of Sophora japonica and three plant extracts extract and Sophora flavescens extract showed high control value of 87.3% and 88.3%, respectively. In contrast one organic agricultural material showed a chemical injury. To determine the timing of control, the extract was treated before and after topping and pretreatment of topping showed better control value by 80%. Conclusion : Insecticidal activity against Gelechiidae was not effective in all tested OFMs, but the 2 OFMs showed a high control value of over 80%. In this study, we selected 2 materials out of 9 OFMs against Gelechiidae, and It was effective to treat OFM before topping.

Background : Sclerotinia rot, caused by a fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one of the serious and unpredictable yield losses in perilla (Perilla frutescens) leaf production in Korea. Screening disease resistant genetic resources is necessary to develop disease-resistant cultivars and conduct related research. Methods and Results : A Total of 150 perilla accessions, including 123 Korean landraces and 27 cultivars developed in Korea, were evaluated for resistance to Sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) using detached leaf inoculation technique. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolate KACC40457 was inoculated at the seedling stage (five to six leaves). For detached leaf method, a mycelial plug was placed fungus-side down on the main leaf vain and incubated at 22 ± 1℃ on moistened paper towel in a plastic box. Three Korean landraces, including IT117036, IT117106, and IT117110, and cultivar IT229431 showed 100% of resistance ratio (no. of plants showed below 1 ㎝ of lesion size/total evaluated plants × 100). Seven accessions including five landraces, IT117080, IT117107, IT117048, 117042, 117029, and two cultivaers, IT276225 and IT213781, showed high level of resistance that is higher than 80% of resistance ratio Conclusion : 11 accessions which showed strong and moderate level of resistance to Sclerotinia rot could be possibly used by breeders, farmers, and researchers to produce new disease resistant cultivars and use them commercially. However, research related to the exploration of appropriate materials (accessions) for breeding cultivars with good quality, high functional components, high consumer acceptability, etc. should be continued, considering pathogenicity test was conducted in young stage.

This study was performed to investigate and measure the antimicrobial activity of evergreen woody species extracts on Trichophyton mentagrophytes. To do this, leaves and stems were collected from Wando and Jeju islands, and were used for the extraction with different solvents (i.e., distilled water, 80% ethanol, and 100% methanol), and at different ultrasonic extracting times (i.e., 15, 30, and 45 minutes). The experiment was conducted by using the agar diffusion method. The clear zone was measured after incubating the paper disc containing the plant extract in a bacterial culture medium. The controls were synthetic antimicrobials, methylparaben and phenoxyethanol, at concentrations of 0.4, 1, 2, and 4 mg/disc. Altogether, extracts of 56 out of 64 species used in this study had inhibitory activity, which confirmed their antimicrobial activity against Athlete’s foot. Among them, the crude ethanolic extract of Elaeocarpus sylvestris in 45 min showed a zone of inhibition < 20.2 ㎜, while the clear zone of Actinodaphne lancifolia ethanolic extraction for 30 min was 23.5 ㎜. Also, Quercus acuta, Dendropanax morbiferus and Daphne odora showed clear zones of 28.0 ㎜ (45 minutes ethanolic extraction), 20.5 ㎜ (45 minutes crude methanolic extraction) and 19.7 ㎜ (45 minutes methanolic extraction), respectively. Thus, these results confirm that the extracts of evergreen woody species have therapeutic potential against Athlete’s foot, and suggest that in order to extract adequate amounts of antimicrobial substance from the plant sources, ideal extraction condition has to be considered.

Lung cancer, the most common malignant disease worldwide, is the predominant cause of cancer deaths, particularly amongst men. Therefore, various researchers have focused on the growth inhibitory effects of medicinal plants used in traditional Korean medicine. This study aimed to investigate the growth inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts of Rubiae radix, Inulae flos, Nelumbinis receptaculum, Astilbe radix, and Lagerstroemia flos on NCI-H1229 cells. Method and Results: The viability of NCI-H1229 cells was evaluated in vitro using an MTS assay. Treatment with the ethanol extracts of the selected medicinal plants at 500 ㎍/㎖ reduced NCI-H1229 cell viability and increased apoptotic cell death and caspase-3 activation. In addition, treatment with ethanol extracts of Inulae flos and Astilbe radix increases DNA fragmentation, as measured by the TUNEL assay. Conclusions: These results indicated that ethanol extracts of Rubiae radix, Inulae flos, Nelumbinis receptaculum, Astilbe radix, and Lagerstroemia flos exhibited growth inhibitory effects, inducing apoptotic cell death, DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activation in NCI-H1229 cells. Therefore, these medicinal plant extracts may be used in the development of natural medicines to inhibit the growth of lung cancers. However, further study is needed to determine the active ingredients of the ethanol extracts from medicinal plants that are reposible for the inhibitory effect on lung cancer cell grwoth.

The study investigated the efficacy of four different essential oils on the repellent responses of large black chafer (Holotrichia parallela) Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in organic pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) orchards. Cinnamon, pine, peppermint, and eucalyptus oils were used, and the behavioral responses and repellent effects against H. parallela were investigated under laboratory and field conditions. Adult beetle responses to different oils were examined using a Y-tube olfactometer in the laboratory and four absorbent blocks with each oil in the field. The repellent responses rates of H. parallela were 100% for cinnamon oil; however, only 67% of adult beetles avoided peppermint and eucalyptus oil in the Y-tube olfactometer bioassay. In the field tests, the least damage to leaves was observed on trees treated with cinnamon oil, whereas the most damage was observed in the control (non-treated) trees and those treated with peppermint oil, followed by eucalyptus and pine oil. Therefore, cinnamon oil can be used as a repellent to avoid damage form large black chafers in organic pear orchards.

Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes)는 여드름의 주요 병원성균으로 염증성 질환에 관련된 미생물 중 에 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 여드름 주요 유발 균주인 P. acnes에 대하여 70% Ethanol로 추출한 제주 자생 식물 추출물의 항균활성을 disc diffusion test 실험을 이용하여 측정하였다. 실험 결과 61개의 제주 자생 식물 추출물 중에서 45개 추출물의 항균 활성이 검출되었으며, 16개의 추출물은 항균 활성이 검출되지 않았다. 그중 에서 여우 구슬(Phyllanthus urinaria L.) - 줄기⋅잎 추출물이 18.96 ± 0.69 mm로 가장 높은 항균 활성을 나타내었고, 참당귀(Angelica gigas Nakai) - 뿌리, 돌외(Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino), 참당귀(Angelica gigas Nakai) - 잎⋅줄기, 산박하(Isodon inflexus (Thunb.) Kudo), 차나무(Camellia sinensis L.) - 꽃, 그리고 로즈마리(Rosmarinus officinalis L.) - 줄기 추출물 순으로 높은 항균 활성을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 제주 자생 식물 추출물이 여드름 치료⋅예방의 항균제 및 기능성 화장품 천연 원료로써의 이용 가능성을 제안한다.

Background: Allergic diseases like such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, and rhinitis have recently increased both domestically and globally. The present study was undertaken to select candidates with anti-allergic activity from plant resources. Methods and Results: Fifty-six plant extracts at 20㎍/㎖ were screened against β-hexosaminidase production and interleukin (IL)- 4 release in degranulated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 cells. The anti-allergy activity of three plant extracts selected from the preliminary screening experiment, Polygonatum sibiricum F. Delaroche (root), Pyrus pytifolia var. culta (Makino) Nakai (leaf), and Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Steud (root) were measured at concentrations of 2 - 250㎍/㎖ in three cell lines as RBL- 2H3, HaCaT and Jurkcat T cells. The assay showed the root extract of R. glutinosa to have an inhibitory activity of 4.2% - 28.6% on β-hexosaminidase production from IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. Each extract of P. sibiricum and R. glutinosa reduced IL-4 release in IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells, respectively. The leaf extract of P. pyrifolia var. culta showed a significantly potent suppressive effect of 10.2% - 74.7% on the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in HaCaT cells sensitized with TNF-a and INF-g, and showed inhibitory effect of –8.6% - 90.9% on the mRNA expression of IL-2 in Jurkat T cells sensitized with PMA and A23187. Conclusions: The results showed that the root of R. glutinosa and leaf of P. pyrifolia var. culta could be useful candidates as antiallergy materials.