농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 수확시기가 빠른 국수용밀 품종 개발을 목적으로 1997년도에 조숙 계통인 SW86054 를 모본으로 하고 현재 국내 최대 재배되고 있는 금강밀을 부본으로 인공교배하여 SW97031 조합을 육성하였다. 경기도 연천에서 집단재배 후 계통을 전개하여 초형과 수형이 양호하며 숙기가 빠르고 내한성이 강한 계통인 SW97031-B-47-4-1-5-1-1을 2005년과 2006년도 2년간 생산력검정을 거쳐 ‘익산318호’로 계통명을 부여하고, 2007년부터 3개년 동안 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과 숙기가 빠르며 내한성이 강하고, 백립계이면서 수발아 중도저항성으로 생산안정성이 우수하였다. 밀가루와 국수 색택이 좋고 식미감이 우수하지만 단위면적당 수량 개선이 요구되어 2009년 농작물 직무육성 신품종심의회에서 ‘중모2003’으로 명명하였다. 그 후 국립종자원의 재배심사를 거쳐 2013년 종자산업법제55조에 따라 품종보호등록 원부에 등록되었다. 중모2003의 파성은 III형으로 양절형이고, 엽색은 녹색이며 이삭은 방추형이고, 종자는 중간크기로 백색이다. 출수기와 성숙기는 밭 조건 조건에서 각각 4월 24일과 6월 4일로 금강밀보다 1～2일 빠르고, 논 조건에서는 각각 4월 21일과 6월 2일로 2일 빠르다. 추위와 수발아저항성이 강하고, 흰가루병과 붉은곰팡이병은 감수성이다. ‘중모2003’의 제분율은 금강밀보다 약간 낮지만, 밀가루의 품질과 국수 가공특성이 비슷한 특성을 보였다. 천립중은 42.5g으로 금강밀보다 약간 적은 소립이며, 지역적응성 시험에서 밭 조건 수량은 555 kg/10a, 논 조건 수량은 485 kg/10a로 금강밀보다 4%와 7% 감수하였다.

국립식량과학원에서 수발아와 붉은곰팡이병 등에 대한 내재해성이 강한 국수용 밀 품종 육성을 목적으로 1997년도에 금강밀과 은파밀을 인공교배 한 F1을 모본으로 하고 다시 금강밀을 부본으로 인공교배하여 SW97005 조합을 육성하였다. 경기도 연천에서 집단재배 후에 계통을 전개하여 초형과 수형이 양호하고 내한성이 강한 계통인 SW97005-B-26-5-4-1-1-1을 2005년과 2006년도 2년간 생산력검정을 거쳐 ‘익산319호’로 계통명을 부여하고, 2007년부터 3개년 동안 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과 내한성이 강하고, 수발아 저항성이며 붉은곰팡이병에 중도저항성이고, 수량이 많을 뿐만 아니라 국수가공적성이 우수하여 2009년 농작물 직무육성 신품종심의회에서 ‘수안밀’로 명명하였다. 그 후 국립종자원의 재배심사를 거쳐 2013년 종자산업법제55조에 따라 품종보호 등록 원부에 등록되었다. 수안밀의 파성은 III형으로 양절형이고, 엽색은 녹색이며 이삭은 방추형이고, 종자는 중간크기로 적색이다. 출수기와 성숙기는 밭상태 조건에서 각각 4월 25일과 6월 4일로 금강밀보다 1일 빠르고, 논상태에서는 각각 4월 23일과 6월 4일로 동일하다. 내한성과 수발아 저항성이 강하고 붉은곰팡이병은 중도저항성이다. 수안밀의 제분율은 금강밀보다 약간 낮고, 단백질 함량과 회분함량이 낮아 밀가루 색이 밝고 단백질적 특성은 국수용에 적합하다. 천립중은 43.7 g으로 금강밀보다 약간 적은 소립이며, 지역적응성 시험에서 밭상태 수량은 594 kg/10a, 논상태 수량은 563 kg/10a로 금강밀보다 3%와 8% 증수하였다.

밀×옥수수 원연교잡은 타 방법에 비하여 반수체 밀 육성에 매우 효과적이어서 외국에서는 밀 품종의 육종연한 단축 등을 위하여 많이 활용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 밀 품종(계통)과 옥수수 품종을 이용한 반수체 밀 생산체계를 구축하기 위하여 원연교잡에 사용하는 품종에 따른 반수체 생산 효율을 조사하였다. 자방친으로는 금강밀 등 총 5종의 품종과 5종의 F1계통을 사용하였고, 화분친으로는 강다옥 등 총 7종의 옥수수 품종을 사용하였다. 자방친으로 사용한 국산 밀 품종의 평균 종자 형성률, 배 형성률 및 반수체 식물체 재분화율은 각각 약 75%, 19% 및 8.4%이었다. 반수체 식물체 재분화율은 3.7∼9.8%의 분포를 보였는데, 조경이 가장 높았다. 밀F1 계통 자방친의 평균적인 종자 형성률, 배 형성률 및 반수체 식물체 재분화율은 각각 약 66%, 16% 및 6.6%이었다. 밀계통의 반수체 재분화율은 3∼10%의 분포를 보였으며 08WG074 계통이 가장 높았다. 한편, 7종의 옥수수 품종의 자방친(금강밀)에 대한 평균 종자 결실률, 배 형성률 및 반수체 식물체 재분화율은 각각 약 78%, 18%, 9.6%이었다. 반수체 재분화율은 7.6∼12.9%의 분포를 보였으며, 광평옥이 가장 높았다. 밀×옥수수 원연교잡에서 종자 결실률과 배 형성률은 자방친과 화분친의 품종에 따라 고도로 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 이들 형질의 품종간 차이는 자방친 품종보다는 화분친인 옥수수 품종 사이에서 더 컸다. 본 연구에서 조사한 품종 중에서는 광평옥, 강다옥 및 강일옥 품종이 밀×옥수수 원연교잡의 화분친으로서 우수한 결과를 나타내었다.

Phytochemical in purple percarp of wheat seed consist of high phenolic content including ferulic acid, caffeic acid, vanilic acid and anthocyanins which not only perform as source of distinctive red to purple pigmentation but also high antioxidative material. Previous work has demonstrated that certain pigmentation can be generally regarded as good dietary source of food supplement. Yet, its physiological function in other various aspects has been not thoroughly understood. In this study, we organized fundamental experiment which could evaluate germinating ability of different-colored segregated wheat population. Total of five segregated lines were recognized by assist of CIELAB coordinates. After assessing initial content of total phenol, flavonoid, monomeric anthocyanin and ORAC assay for antioxidant activity from each population, germination assay was taken place in vitro. From germinating grains, sample was taken every 6 hours for measurement of alpha amylase enzyme activity. Discernible difference in chemical constituent was recognized among population along with disparity in ORAC assay. Alpha amylase activity and germination assay showed that darkening of pericarp was related to inhibition of germination. Pigmentation in wheat is important for its physiological role and commodity value which should be considered as critical factor to be integrated in breeding program

Gamma irradiation has been used as a tool for plant mutation breeding to select new cultivar with improved characteristics. Generally, the irradiation of seeds with high doses of gamma rays disturbs the synthesis of protein, hormone balance, and enzyme activity. And also, high dose of gamma rays to reduce plant height, number of tiller, and root length, although the effect of gamma-irradiated plants may depend on the species and cultivar or stress conditions. Biological effects of radiations can be divided into two types according to dose range and periods of exposure. Acute irradiation represents exposure to high-dose of irradiation over short period time, whereas the chronic irradiation is comprised of exposure to low doses of radiation over extended period of time. To compare the effects of acute and chronic exposure to ionizing radiation on two wheat cultivars (K4191 and Geumgangmil), we measured their germination rate, seedling height, and root length. In order to understand the influence of antioxidant-related genes and DNA repair-related genes, we used qRT-PCR methods to identify their expression levels. To study the behavior of a radiation-induced free radical, gamma-irradiated seeds were used for ESR spectroscopy. Plant growth pattern was showed positive correlation with ESR results. This study indicates that low level chronic radiation exposure is even more serious effects than short doses of high level radiation according to different wheat cultivar.

Chronic gamma irradiation can be used an alternative mutation breeding methods for induction of many useful mutants. Seedlings of purple-colored wheat plants were irradiated with wide range doses of chronic gamma-rays (20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 70, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300 Gy) during 6 weeks at gamma-phytotron in the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, respectively. To identify the biological responses purple-colored wheat, we examined the plant height, chlorophyll, carotenoid and total anthocyanin contents in leaf. Plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in leaf were decreased when the dose rate increased. Anthocyanin contents were increased with the increase of the radiation dose until 50 Gy treatment. To confirm the real contents of anthocyanin, we also investigated cyanidin-3-glucoside in purple-colored wheat leaf by using UPLC analysis. These results indicate that anthocyanin accumuation was observed under chronic gamma irradiation.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major disease problem on wheat and barley around the world. F. graminearum produces trichothecenes mycotoxins such as nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEA). The objectives of this study were to survey the natural occurrence of FHB and mycotoxins of 32 Korean wheat cultivars grown in 2011-2012 seasons at the National institute of crop science, Iksan, Korea. There was great deal of rainfall and high humidity during flowering time in May 2011. FHB incidence was counted by Fusarium infected spikes per square meter. The samples of 32 wheat cultivar were collected. The grain and flour samples were to analysis for DON and NIV by gas chromatography and ZEA by high performance liquid chromatography. The result showed that the average of FHB incidence(%) per square meter in 2011 and 2012 were 4.2%, 0.5% respectively. There were significant cultivar differences for FHB incidence ranged from 0% to 24% in 2011. All of 32 wheat cultivars contained 9-2088 ng/g for NIV and ten wheat cultivars contained 5.7-8.5 ng/g for ZEA. In addition, DON concentration of Tapdong, Shinmichal1, and Hanbaek were 217, 35 and 683 ng/g respectively. However, the grain and flour sample harvested in 2012 showed that lower FHB incidence and NIV concentration. These results showed that the 32 wheat cultivars harvested in 2011 were heavily contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins (NIV, DON, ZEA).

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is one of molecular marker technique based on DNA and is extremely useful in detection of high polymorphism between closely related genotypes like Korean wheat cultivars. Six Korean wheat cultivar specific marker sets have been developed from inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis and we can identify the 13 Koran wheat cultivars form other cultivars using six that (Son et al., 2013). We used four combinations of primer sets in our AFLP analysis for developing additional cultivar specific markers in Korean wheat. Twenty-one of the AFLP bands were isolated from ACG/M-CAC primer combination and 19 bands were isolated from E-AGC/M-CTG primer combination, respectively. We used forty bands to design sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primer pairs for Korean wheat cultivar identification. Only one of 40 amplified primer pairs, C2, were able to use for wheat cultivar identification. The DNA band of 215bp length was amplified by C2 primer pairs in ten cultivars, Eunpa, Olgeuru, Gobun, Saeol, Milsung, Sinmichal, Jokyung, Sugang, Goso, and Joah. Then C2 primer was applied to these primer sets as newly SCAR marker, six cultivars are identifying from other cultivars, additionally. Finally, to use the C2 and six primer sets, 19 Korean wheat cultivars are identified.

Wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world and provides 20% of nutritional requirement to the consumers in developing countries. The consumption per capita of wheat is persistent but the self-sufficiency has decreased owing to the less competitive world market and double cropping system with rice in Korea. This study was conducted to obtain baseline data on the selection lines with early maturity and good agronomic traits. Geumgangmil, a leading Korean variety, was crossed with CIMMYT’s line, and a DH (double haploid) line was released using pollens of Maize in Mexico. The 71 inbred lines were grown in fields at NICS, Miryang. The culm length of inbred lines were normally distributed from 37cm to 106cm, though that of the P1 (Geumgangmil) was 71 and P2 (CIMMYT’s Line) was 77cm. Especially, some lines were very short and measured below 50cm. The spike lengths of most of the lines were longer than that of P1 (7.5cm), but were normally distributed. The number of spikelet was less than that in P2 (19ea.), but was more than P1(10ea.). The heading day of most of the lines was between P1 (11th April) and P2 (25th April) and the maturity day of the lines was similar to P1 (1st June) but 5 lines showed 2~6 days shorter maturity period than that of P1. However, 20 lines were found to have 2~10 days longer maturity period than that of P2.

This study is to raise the utilization of genetic resource of wheat (Triticum aestivum) landrace by evaluating genetic variation related to end use quality of the Far East. Allelic composition of HMW-glutenin subunits encoded by genes of Glu-1 loci associated with bread baking quality was investigated in 324 wheat landrace genetic resources originated from Korea, China, and Japan. The most frequent combination of HMW-glutenin subunits were Glu-A1c, Glu-B1b in Korean and Japanese resources, but Glu-A1a and Glu-B1c were the most in Chinese resources. By using the Glu-1 score system, 24 accessions were evaluated as 10 out of 10. As for genetic diversity, represented by polymorphic information content(PIC) index, the level of variation of Korean landrace(0.245) was lower than that in China(0.569) and Japan(0.294). When it comes to unique composition, Glu-B1f(13+16) and Glu-D1f(2+10) subunits are only in Chinese resources. Glu-B1d(6+8), Glu-B1e(20), Glu-D1b(7+8), and Glu-D1c (7+9) subunits are only in Korean resources. Consequently, this study showed that Chinese landrace collection was the most highly diverse and had distinctive characteristics compared to Korean and Japanese one. Especially, some resources having preferable genetic stock or high Glu-1 score can be valuable for wheat breeding program.

Gliadins are the main class of wheat seed storage proteins. Since gliadins show a high level of polymorphism as well as genetically fixed, it can be used as a marker for the genetic identification. Gliadin subunit diversity information can be useful for wheat quality breeding programs. Tunisia is a country in the North Africa bordered with the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the east but with the Sahara desert to the south, which represent extremely different growth climate. Therefore, there may be a numerous variation in Tunisian common wheat and durum wheat. Total 48 lines of wheat consisted of 32 common wheat (16 Korean wheat and 16 Tunisian common wheat) and 16 Tunisian durum wheat were incorporated in this study. Gliadins were extracted with 70% ethanol and fractionated by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE) at 8% in aluminum lactate buffer (pH 3.1). The gel was stained with 0.25% Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) R-250. The presence of each gliadin subunit band was scored and cluster analysis was carried out. The cluster showed that wheat varieties were classified into some groups and their genetic distance could be identified. The obtained information will be helpful to the future breeding program of tetraploid durum wheat as well as hexaploid common wheats. Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. 2012K1A3A1A09028123) and carried out with the support of “Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project title: Development of high yielding wheat with stress tolerance via molecular breeding strategies, Project No. PJ008031)”, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

“Sooan”, a winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. It was derived from the cross “Keumkang/Eunpa//Keumkang” during 1997. “Sooan” was evaluated as “Iksan319” in advance yield trial test in 2006. It was tested in the regional yield trial test between 2007 and 2009. “Sooan” is an awned, semi-dwarf and hard winter wheat, similar to “Keumkang” (check cultivar). The heading and maturing date of “Sooan” were similar to “Keumkang”. “Sooan” had similar test weight (817 g/L) and lower 1,000-grain weigh (43.7g) than “Keumkang” (817 g/L and 46.2g, respectively). “Sooan” showed resistance to winter hardiness and pre-harvest sprouting, which lower withering rate on the low ridge (0.2%) and rate of pre-harvest sprouting (0.2%) than “Keumkang” (9.2 and 25.8%, respectively). “Sooan” showed lower protein content (12.7%), SDS-sedimentation volume (42.0ml) and gluten content (10.5%) than “Keumkang” (13.1%, 57.8ml and 10.8%, respectively). It showed higher lightness (90.08) and lower redness (-1.11) and yellowness (8.80) in flour color than “Keumkang” (89.81, -1.15 and 9.46, respectively). “Sooan” showed higher lightness (81.34) of noodle dough sheet than “Keumkang” (80.28). “Sooan” exhibited lower hardness (3.84N) and similar springiness and cohesiveness of cooked noodles (0.91 and 0.65) compared to “Keumkang” (4.54N, 0.93, and 0.63, respectively). Average yield of “Sooan” in the regional adaptation yield trial test was 5.94 MT/ha in upland and 5.63 MT/ha in paddy field, which was 3% and 8% higher than those of “Keumkang” (579 MT/ha and 520 MT/ha, respectively).

“Joongmo2003”, a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. It was derived from the cross “SW86054/Keumkang” during 1997. “Joongmo2003” was evaluated as “Iksan318” in advance yield trial test in 2006. It was tested in the regional yield trial test between 2007 and 2009. Its heading date was April 24 in upland and April 21 in paddy filed conditions, which were two days earlier than those of the check cultivar Keumkang, respectively, and Maturing date was June 4 in upland and June 2 in paddy field, one or two days earlier than those of Keumkang, respectively. “Joongmo2003” showed resistance to winter hardiness and pre-harvest sprouting, which lower withering rate on the low ridge (0.3%) and rate of pre-harvest sprouting (18.5%) than “Keumkang” (9.2 and 25.8%, respectively).“Joongmo2003” showed similar protein content (13.2%), lower SDS-sedimentation volume (54.0ml) and higher gluten content (11.7%) than “Keumkang” (13.1%, 57.8ml and 10.8%, respectively). It showed higher lightness (89.85) of flour and noodle dough sheet than “Keumkang” (89.81 and 80.28, respectively). “Joongmo2003” exhibited similar hardness (3.84), springiness and cohesiveness of cooked noodles (0.92 and 0.63) compared to “Keumkang” (4.54N, 0.93, and 0.63, respectively). The average grain yield in the regional yield trial was 5.55MT/ha in upland and 4.85 MT/ha in paddy field, which were 4% and 7% lower than those of the check cultivar, Keumkang, respectively.

“Joongmo2004”, a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. It was derived from the cross “Bacanora88/Keumkang//Keumkang” during 1996. “Joongmo2004” was evaluated as “Iksan320” in advance yield trial test in 2006. It was tested in the regional yield trial test between 2007 and 2009. Its heading date was April 26 in upland and April 23 in paddy filed conditions, and Maturing date was June 5 in upland and June 4 in paddy field, which were similar to Keumkang, respectively. It showed 830 in number of spikes per m2, 35 of grain number per spike, 44.9g of 1,000 grain weight, and 806g of test weight. “Joongmo2004” showed moderate to Fusarium head blight (Scab) in test of specific character although “Keumkang” is susceptible to scab. “Joongmo2004” had higher flour yield (75.5%) than “Keumkang” (72.5% and 0.42%, respectively). “Joongmo2004” showed similar ash (0.42%), lower protein content (12.3%), SDS-sedimentation volume (43.0ml) and gluten content (10.3%) than “Keumkang” (0.42%, 13.1%, 57.8ml and 10.8%, respectively). It showed higher lightness (89.97), redness (-1.38) and yellowness (10.76) in flour color than “Keumkang” (89.61, -1.15 and 9.46, respectively). “Joongmo2004” exhibited lower hardness (3.50N), similar springiness and higher cohesiveness of cooked noodles (0.92 and 0.65) compared to “Keumkang” (4.54N, 0.93, and 0.63, respectively). The average grain yield in the regional yield trial was 5.17MT/ha in upland and 5.34 MT/ha in paddy field, which were lower 11% and higher 3% than those of the check cultivar, Keumkang, respectively.

“Joongmo2012”, a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. It was derived from the cross “Sinmichal/Keumkang” during 2006. “Joongmo2012” was evaluated as “Iksan357” in advance yield trial test in 2010. It was tested in the regional yield trial test between 2011 and 2013. Its heading date was May 2 in upland and May 1 in paddy filed conditions, and Maturing date was June 8 in upland and June 8 in paddy field, which were similar to Keumkang, respectively. It showed 628 in number of spikes per m2, 34 of grain number per spike, 47.6g of 1,000 grain weight, and 762g of test weight. “Joongmo2012” showed susceptible to Fusarium head blight (Scab) in test of specific character although “Keumkang” is susceptible to scab. “Joongmo2012” had lower flour yield (68.4%) than “Keumkang” (73.5%, respectively). “Joongmo2012” showed similar ash (0.40%), lower protein content (11.7%), SDSsedimentation volume (39.8ml) and gluten content (8.1%) than “Keumkang” (0.41%, 12.7%, 55.8ml and 9.2%, respectively). It showed higher lightness (92.70) in flour color than “Keumkang” (91.51, respectively). “Joongmo2012” exhibited lower hardness (3.19N), similar springiness and higher cohesiveness of cooked noodles (0.90 and 0.66) compared to “Keumkang” (4.21N, 0.90, and 0.62, respectively). The average grain yield in the regional yield trial was 5.48MT/ha in upland and 4.47 MT/ha in paddy field, which were higher 5% and similar than those of the check cultivar, Keumkang, respectively

Soil salinity limits crop productivity in many regions. This problem would be more serious as the global climate changes and worldwide water shortages would accelerate soil salinization. This study is fulfilled with aim on resolve crop cultivation in dry/saline land as an international joint research project with Tunisia. Total 48 lines of wheat cultivars including 32 common wheat (16 Korean wheat, 16 Tunisian common wheat) and 16 Tunisian durum wheat were incorporated in this study. Salt stress was applied for 2 weeks by submerging the pots into 500 mM NaCl at 3-leaf stage followed by re-watering for restoration in greenhouse. Numerous agronomic/growth parameters were scored for tolerence. SSR primers that have been known to be related to salt tolerance were applied to explain selected population. The correlation between PCR-based length polymorphism of selected lines and their resistance were evaluated. The obtained information will aid selection for salt tolerance hexa/tetraploid wheats. Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. 2012K1A3A1A09028123) and carried out with the support of “Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project title: Development of high yielding wheat with stress tolerance via molecular breeding strategies, Project No. PJ008031)”, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

Fusarium head blight (FHB), primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum is a major disease problem on wheat and barley around the world. The objectives of this study were to evaluate for FHB resistance under greenhouse and filed condition in 2012 and 2013. We screened for Type I resistance in the field using spray inoculation and for Type II resistance in the greenhouse using single floret inoculation. Sumai 3 and Ning7840 were used the FHB resistant check. Five hundred and twelve lines were evaluated for resistance to initial infection (type I) and to spread of symptoms within spike (type II). The inoculum was F. graminearum (GZ3639) prepared at a concentration of 1 X 105 macroconidai/ml with Tween 20. The field screening plots were inoculated twice and mist-irrigation was applied to facilitate FHB development. FHB severity was assessed visually 21 days and determined as the percentage of symptomatic spikelets from the total of all spikelets observed in 20 spikes. Both in the greenhouse and field test, we could observe five categories of FHB severity: resistant (R: 0-20%), moderately resistant (MR: 21-40%), moderate (M: 41-60%), moderately susceptible (MS: 61-80%), and susceptible (S: 81-100%). The results showed that seventy seven lines showed the R and MR category on FHB severity. In addition, nine lines showed similar FHB severity compared to Sumai 3 (13.3%).

The global population increase causes various problems as food and energy shortage and environmental change. As for food problem, innovative agricultural system is required to double food production for 10 billion people in the mid of this century. We introduced the genome or chromosomes of related wild species to the common wheat by interspecific crosses and evaluated their characters. Some alien chromosome addition wheat lines showed better bread-making quality, kernel mineral contents, or phosphorus-use efficiency. The lines with a chromosome of Leymus were found to secrete a substance to inhibit nitrification, which may increase nitrogen-use efficiency. In addition, we produced multiple synthetic derivative (MSD) populations in the genetic background of several practical cultivars. The morphology of each plant in the population was similar to that of the common wheat variety and relatively regular with each other, which enabled to find QTLs to elucidate tolerance of abiotic stresses. We are cultivating these lines in the North African countries and evaluating.

본 연구는 국내 밀 품종의 국수 색깔 및 이와 관련된 종실 및 밀가루 특성 평가를 통하여 국수 면대 색깔 향상을 위해 선발에 이용할 수 있는 방법을 개발하고, 특히 철함량이 국수면대 밝기에 미치는 영향을 평가하여 영양학적으로 우수한 철 고함유 계통 선발을 위한 간이검정법의 적용을 위해 수행하였다. 국내 밀 품종의 밀가루 밝기는 회분(r =-0.634, P<0.01), 단백질 함량(r = -0.635, P<0.01)및 총 폴리페놀함량(r = -0.493, P<0.05)과 부의 상관을 나타내었다. 면대 색깔은 밀가루 명도(r = 0.684, P<0.001)와 정의 상관을 보였고, 종실특성에서 리터중, 천립중, PPO 활성 및 총 폴리페놀 함량과는 부의 상관을 보였다. 또한 밀가루 특성에서 회분, 단백질 함량과 총 폴리페놀함량은 면대 밝기와 부의 상관을 보였고, 연차간 및 품종간 변이에 영향을 받는것으로 나타났다. 철은 밀가루 색 및 국수 면대 밝기와 부의상관을 나타냈고, 간이검정법으로 Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) trihydrate(PHT) 처리를 한 결과 푸른색으로 염색되었다. 종실을 PHT로 염색하여 측정한 색도와 종실의 철함량은 상관을 보이지 않았으나, 종실을 분쇄한 통밀가루에서는 PHT로 염색된 통밀가루의 적색도(r = -0.665, P<0.001)와 황색도(r = -0.658, P<0.001)와 부의 상관을 나타내었다. 또한 PHT로 염색된 밀가루의 밝기는 종실의 철함량(r = -0.640, P<0.01)과 부의 상관을 나타내었다.

국산밀을 재배하는 전국 175농가를 대상으로 2년 동안 재배 현황에 대한 자료를 수집· 분석한 결과, 평균 재배 경력과 재배면적은 7.7년과 2.4～3.3 ha였으며, 재배 품종은 금강밀이 주로 재배되었고 조경밀과 백중밀이 남부지역에서 재배 면적이 늘어나고 있다. 파종은 대부분 농가에서 10월 하순에서 11월 상순에 휴립광산파로 이루어지고 있으며, 시비는 2종 복합비료를 이용하여 평균 29.7 kg/10a이상 기비로 시용하였으며, 추비는 2월 하순～3월 상순에 질소비료를 1회 시용하는 농가가 주를 이루었는데, 농가 현장에서 표준시비량에 비해 과량의 비료가 시용되고 있기 때문에 적정 시비에 대한 관리가 필요하다. 재배 밀의 출수는 기상 영향으로 2011년은 5월 상순, 2012년은 4월 하순에 이루어졌으며, 밀 수확은 대부분 농가에서 6월 중순에 이루진 것으로 나타났다. 재배 면적 확대와 밀 재배 농가 소득 향상을 위하여, 수발아 및 붉은곰팡이병 저항성 증진과 기상이변에 대응할 수 있는 재해저항성 증진 품종 개발이 이루어져야하며, 국산밀 품질 향상을 위한 보급종 생산 및 확대가 필요하며, 지역별 밀 재배 농가의 규모화에 대한 지원과 재배 관리 체계 확립과 현장 지원 확대가 필요하다.