This study was conducted to investigate the effect of relationship and service marketing on the brand interest and behaviors among Korean and Chinese active senior consumers and whether this effect differed between the two groups. A survey was conducted by having participants complete questionnaires administered by a research firm. For empirical analysis, frequency, EFA, CFA, SEM, the metric invariance test, and multiple-group comparison analysis were performed. The analysis results revealed that relationship marketing positively affected both brand interest and consumer behavior. Although service marketing positively affected brand interest, it did not have a significant effect on consumer behavior. In other words, brand interest positively affected consumer behavior through relationship and service marketing. Multiple-group comparison analysis demonstrated that no difference existed between Korean and Chinese active consumers in terms of how relationship marketing affected their brand interest, but a difference existed in how it affected their behavior. Service marketing had a greater influence on Chinese active senior consumers’ brand interest than on Korean active senior consumers. However no difference existed between the two groups with respect to how service marketing affected their behaviors. Finally, brand interest had a positive effect only on Korean active senior consumers’ behavior through relationship and service marketing, but not on Chinese active senior consumers. In conclusion, relationship and service marketing should be used to enhance the brand interest among Korean active senior consumers, and business activities should be planned by building relationships with Chinese active senior consumers to affect their behavior.

본 연구는 코로나-19 환경에서 소비자가 인식하는 골프 어플리케이션(App)특성이 몰입정도와 소비행동에 관하여 인과 관계(SEM)를 적용하여 골퍼들이 인식하는 어플리케이션 서비스를 탐색하고, COVID-19 이후 골프산업을 예측하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2021년 6월 1일 ~ 8월 10일까지 표본계획에 의해 모바일 서베이(URL)를 사용하여 총 235명을 분석에 사용했다. 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 어플리케이션의 이동성, 신뢰성 특성이 몰입증진에 통계적으로 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 가설이 채택되었다. 둘째, 몰입증진은 소비행동에 통계적으로 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 가설이 채택되었다. 마지막으로 어플리케이션의 정보성, 이동성 특성이 소비행동에 통계적으로 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 가설이 되었다.

This study analyzed the effects of consumer confusion on shopping fatigue and negative purchasing behaviors in an internet shopping environment. Further, the effects of shopping fatigue on negative purchasing behaviors were analyzed. The survey was conducted among consumers in their 20s and 40s in the Seoul metropolitan area who had experience of purchasing fashion products through internet shopping. A total of 392 questionnaire were analysis, with frequency, reliability, factor, correlation, and regression analysis completed using the SPSS statistics program. The results of the study showed that consumer confusion and shopping fatigue in internet shopping environment affected negative purchasing behaviors. First, consumer confusion comprised overload confusion, similarity confusion, and ambiguity confusion. It was found that overload confusion and similarity confusion significantly affected shopping fatigue. Second, shopping fatigue significantly affected negative purchasing behaviors, and an increased level of shopping fatigue result in, increased purchase delay and non-purchase behavior. Third, consumer confusion (overload confusion, similarity confusion, ambiguity confusion) significantly affected purchase delay behavior, while similarity confusion and ambiguity confusion significantly affected non-purchasing behavior. These results will provide useful data for e-CRM and marketing directions of internet companies and will contribute to rational decision-making of internet consumers and improve the quality of consumer life.

본 연구는 헤어서비스전문가의 블랙컨슈머 행동지각이 정서적 소진과 자아탄력성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 서울, 경기, 전남지역 헤어미용전문가를 대상으로 318부의 설문지가 최종 분석 자료로 사용되었으며 SPSS 26.0 통계 프로그램을 사용하여 분석 되었다. 연구결과는 첫째, 블랙컨슈머 행동지각이 정서적 소진에 정적(+)상관관계를 보였고, 블랙컨슈머 행동지각이 자아탄력성에 부적(-)상관관계를 보였다. 정서적 소진과 자아탄력성은 서로 부적(-)상관관계를 보였다. 둘째, 블랙컨슈머 요인 중 과도성이 정서적 소진에 영향을 미치고 있음이 확인되었다. 셋째, 블랙컨슈머 요인 중 과도성, 상습성이 자아탄력성에 영향을 미치고 있음이 확인되었다. 넷째, 정서적 소진은 자아탄력성에 영향을 미치고 있음이 확인되었다.

This study examines the influence of self-identity on sustainable consumer behavior in the context of air traveling and the moderating effect of advertisement addressing these identities. Drawing on the flyers’ dilemma, the identity-based motivation theory and cognitive dissonance theory hypotheses are tested by the means of a scenario-based online experiment.

This article analyzes what factors influence consumers’ choices of the type of retailer in Japan and classifies the types. Firstly, it is evident that several factors affect the choice of retail type significantly. Secondly, different formats of retail business are compared to examine the similarities and differences.

This paper discusses consumers’ use of fashion to promote various civic causes, such as political, social, and environmental issues. Fashion has become a civic act. The fashion industry is beginning to create items to suit this purpose. This paper reviews literature supporting fashion activism, identifying future research directions. This paper contributes both academically and practically. Academically, it identifies the gap in literature referring to the understanding of the use of fashion by youth as a means of civic engagement. Prior studies are limited in scope. Thus, we urge further research to investigate fashion activism. This study contributes practically by opening up the idea to practitioners about fashion as communication tools regarding political, social and environmental matters.

본 연구에서는 신선편의식품을 구매한 뒤 집으로 귀가해서 냉장고에 보관하거나 섭취하는데 소요되는 시간과 그에 따른 신선편의식품 내.외부의 온도변화와 미생물학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 시판 중인 신선편의 식품에 대해 위생 지표세균인 일반세균, 대장균군 및 대장균, 병원성 미생물 인 B. cereus, S. aureus, Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes를 분석하였다. 설문조사 결과 신선편의식품을 구매 후 귀가 또는 섭취에 소요되는 시간이 최대 3시간 소요되는 것으로 확인되어, 차량 트렁크 내에서 최대 3시간 동안 보관 한 결과 차량 트렁크 내부 최고 온도가 봄(3월) 19oC, 여 름(7월) 44oC, 가을(9월) 31.3oC, 겨울(2월) 17.6oC로 각각 확인되었으며, 차량 트렁크에서 보관한 신선편의식품의 품온은 최대 봄 18.5oC, 여름 42oC, 가을 29.2oC, 겨울 16.8oC 로 확인되었다. 차량 트렁크에 최대 3시간 보관한 신선편의식품의 일반세균수는 봄 3.41 log CFU/g, 여름 4.32 log CFU/g, 가을과 겨울은 각각 3.81 log CFU/g, 3.36 log CFU/g으로 확인되었다. 그 외의 대장균군 및 대장균, B. cereus, Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes균은 검출되지 않았지만 S. aureus는 여름과 가을철에는 신선편의식품을 1시간만 차량에 보관하더라도 검출되었고, 봄과 겨울은 2시간 이상 차량 트렁크에 보관하였을 때 검출되었다. 이동 용기로 흔히 사용되는 종이박스와 스티로폼 박스 내부가 알루미늄필름으로 코팅된 종이 박스를 이용하여 얼음 첨가 여부에 따른 이동용기 온도변화 실험과 이동 중 S. aureus 의 증식여부를 확인한 결과 스티로폼 박스에서 내부 온도 변화가 가장 낮게 유지되었고, 시간 경과에 따른 미생물의 증식도 가장 적게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 신선편의식품 소비자들에게 구매 후 안전한 섭취를 위해 보관 온도나 시간에 대한 가이드라인과 이동용 기를 이용한 신선편의식품의 온도관리에 대한 정보를 제공 하여 식품의 안전성을 높이는 홍보가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

The purpose of this study was to empirically investigate the relationship among fashion brand experience, brand loyalty, relationship quality, and repurchase intention. The 420 survey questionnaires were distributed among the consumers in their 30s and 40s who had experience buy fashion brands products through convenience sampling in Seoul. Due to the reliability of data, 120 samples were discarded and 300 samples were put to actual analysis. By using SAS 9.4, data were analyzed for frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis. The results of the study are as follows. First, the fashion brand experience which is consist of sensory, affective, behavioral and intellectual experience had positive effects on brand satisfaction and brand trust. Second, brand trust and brand commitment and the relationship quality of brand satisfaction, only satisfaction and commitment affects brand loyalty significantly. Lastly, brand loyalty had significantly effect on repurchase intention. It presented the potential to use the brand as a strategic tool to build strong brand assets, along with providing specific ways to secure differentiated competitiveness in the fashion brand market. It is also thought to be meaningful in that we presented a practical strategy to build and strengthen a lasting bond with consumers by looking at the impact on the quality of the relationship.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the difference of seafood dining consumer behavior by demographic characteristics (age, gender). This research surveyed 251 people in Busan, Korea. t-test, one-way ANOVA, and MDS were used to identify the difference of consumer behavior by demographics. The result of the research revealed the difference between demographic characteristics and seafood dining consumption. 20’s showed to accept the trendy dining culture represented by salmon, sushi and shrimp, and 30’s also have similar tendency. 40’s have higher spending tendency to seafood dining like tuna restaurants. 50’s and 60’s showed conservative consumption propensity represented by grilled fish, braised fish and raw fish restaurants. In gender analysis, male have higher frequency than female about grilled eel. In the future, the seafood dining market would be reorganized with the expansion of sushi, salmon and shrimp dishes, which can be classified as a new dining market. In this research, we suggested fisheries supply and production strategies according to age and gender.

Nowadays, many innovative marketers can leverage the augmented reality (AR) technology to create special experiences, offer more interactive advertising, as well as provide new ways to online shopping, especially for mobile marketing. The beauty industry occupies a large proportion in the fashion market and has become its essential part. For the fashion and beauty industry, consumers are willing to have the same level of experience online as when they are shopping offline. Accordingly, many brands develop mobile applications with AR capabilities that provide mobile AR services offering special experience. This new approach to mobile shopping eliminates the risk of shopping when consumers choose products, while indirectly changing consumer purchase behavior and lifestyles. However, relevant evidence about the AR service provided by mobile applications in the fashion and beauty industry remains to be scarce. To fill this gap in the literature, the present study seeks to explore the impact of the mobile AR technology on the consumer perception of the beauty brands and the changes in consumer’s behavior. In terms of the methodology, a semi-structured interview approach is employed. The results of the present study demonstrate that the effect of using the mobile AR technology varies according to the differences in consumers’ cognition and attention to beauty products. The playfulness provided by the mobile AR technology is a key factor for consumers to better understand and experience the brand, and consumer ROI is an important factor for consumers to purchase using the mobile AR service. At the same time, the degree to which the AR technology is mature affects consumer experience of the product. Surprisingly, our results suggest that the use of the AR technology has a certain educational effect on consumers, especially on those who are not good at make-up or have a low level of understanding of beauty products.

In recent years, maintaining transparency has become a trend among brands, and a better level of supply chain transparency has been demonstrated to positively affect consumer environmental concern and conscious behavior. Consumers may accept transparency efforts as a signal of the brand goodwill and perceive it as a visibly sustainable effort that can convert brand trust. In the information transparency trend, eco-certification plays an important role as a tool to inform consumers about sustainability. However, facing large amounts of information, consumers spend much time filtering information, so the accuracy of the obtained information can be compromised. The Higg index is a sustainable verification platform that reveals the entire activities of supply chains. However, most consumers are facing an overload of information that could confuse their processing of any information. In this context, the present study seeks to examine the effect of business transparency to conscious consumer behavior and purchase intention. Second, this study deals with the moderating effects of sustainable knowledge on the relationship between business transparency, environmental concern, and brand trust. Third, we explore the effects of high and low level of consume knowledge of sustainability on the relationship between business transparency and brand trust. In terms of the methodology used in the present study, an off-line survey of Korean consumers was conducted. SPSS 21.0 was used for data analysis aiming to test the proposed model and research hypothesis. The mains results of this study are as follows. First, business transparency has a positive effect on environmental concern, brand trust, and consumer willingness to conscious behavior. Second, consumer sustainable knowledge has a moderating effect on business transparency for environmental concern and brand trust. Taken together, the findings of the present study provide meaningful implications for marketers by highlighting the importance of transparency and introduction of a transparent eco-certification for communication with consumers. To successfully influence consumer willingness to assume conscious behavior, brands are advised to provide standardized transparency labels, rather than complicated information.

Nostalgia refers to the sentimental longing for the valued past (Sedikides, Wildschut, & Baden, 2004). It is considered a bittersweet emotion, involving both wistful joy and sadness (Sedikides et al., 2004). Nostalgia is also a social emotion. Nostalgic memories typically center on social activities involving the self and close others (Wildschut et al., 2010). Prior research has mainly focused on the social and emotional nature of nostalgic narratives, and researchers have only recently started to investigate the motivations triggered by the process of recalling nostalgic narratives. For example, recalling a nostalgic event can heighten people’s motivation to savor such an experience and prolong it (Huang, Huang, & Wyer, 2016). In the current research, we posit that thinking about nostalgic events can trigger another motivation, namely, a desire to revive the past. Whenever people experience nostalgic feelings, they are likely to perceive differences between the present and their memorable past and desire to go back in time (Hepper et al., 2012; Sedikides et al., 2004). This motivation, once activated, can lead people to take actions to change their current state in the hope of reviving the past (Koole & Jostmann, 2004; Kuhl, 1985). This tendency of taking actions to make changes may generalize to subsequent unrelated situations (Kruglanski et al., 2002), and consequently increase consumer switching behavior (Jiang, Zhan, & Rucker, 2014). These predictions were tested across five studies in various consumption contexts. Our findings contribute to consumer research in two important ways, (a) by demonstrating a novel motivational impact of nostalgia on consumer behavior, and (b) by delineating a systematic influence of an unexplored but pervasive emotional factor— nostalgia—on consumer switching behavior. This research also offers practical implications. Conventional wisdom suggests that nostalgia can make consumers prefer products reminiscent of the “old days”. Our findings show that nostalgia can have broader implications for consumer choices and marketers may use it to manage consumer switching behavior.

Terror management theory (TMT) highlights the impact of death related thoughts on consumers’ decisions in everyday life (Hayes, Schimel, Arndt, & Faucher, 2010) and the various coping behaviors they adopt to manage this terror-related anxiety. Individuals exposed to man-made (e.g. terrorist attacks, wars) or natural disasters (e.g. earthquakes, tsunamis) are obliged to mitigate the awareness of their eventual death or mortality salience (MS). MS plays a significant role in shaping individuals consumption behaviors, particularly in terms of materialism and ethnocentrism. This study aims to address (1) how MS-induced feelings impact consumers’ consumption criteria, preferences and behaviors, and (2) what contextual and cultural factors ought to be considered in this regard. Nineteen focus groups in total were conducted in Japan, Lebanon and the UK. Based on grounded theory approach, we found that consumers’ feelings based on their traumatic experiences exhibit some similarities and differences depending on their own historical, socioeconomic, and cultural backgrounds. Future research should include more countries and take into account a variety of cultural backgrounds. Moreover, as Japan, Lebanon and the UK represent three of the most prominent religions, Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity respectively, religiosity may be a relevant concept in defining and interpreting MS in a cross-cultural context.

This study aims at identifying a novel framework that further explains the relationship between brands and customers in the online context at different touchpoints (e.g. social media, website) of the customer journey. In pursuing this goal, authors expect online brand experience as the main trigger in determining specific customer brand engagement (CBE) behaviours.

The personal luxury goods market in the Middle-East is the 10th largest in the world, right before Hong-Kong and Russia, which are both well-established markets for luxury products (D’Arpizio, Levato, Zito & Montgolfier, 2015). However, luxury consumer behavior consumption in the Middle-East and its influencing factors have largely been left unexplored. This paper builds on previous research among German luxury consumers and investigates the formation of brand love and its impact on willingness-to-pay among Arab luxury consumers. Compared with the German study, it is found that Arab luxury consumers show weaker brand love tendencies. In addition, materialistic characteristics and tendencies for conspicuous consumption among Arab consumers strongly influence brand love in the context of luxury fashion and accessories, which confirms previous findings. Results further document that for Arab luxury consumers neither conspicuous consumption tendencies nor brand love can be interpreted as a predictor for an increase in willingness to pay. Hence, for those consumers, long-lasting emotional consumer-brand relationships are not responsible for generating additional profits and do not explain why the willingness to pay for luxury goods was significantly higher among Arab consumers. Finally, results indicate that though some elements of luxury consumption are shared among German and Arab luxury consumers (e.g. fashion involvement, the evaluation of particular brands, gender and brand love tendencies) there are significant differences in terms of e.g. brand preferences, general willingness to pay for luxury fashion and accessories and willingness to pay for conspicuous luxury goods. This research provides insights into the formation of brand love among Arab luxury consumers and how it informs luxury consumption. Moreover, it sheds light on similarities and differences across the two samples and increases the understanding of luxury consumption in a broader geographic context.

In consideration of the existing eco-friendly marketing research, it is only focusing on the type and characteristics of eco- friendly consumers. Therefore, in order to carry out more systematic and comprehensive eco-friendly marketing research, it is necessary to complement the comprehensive model that examines the mechanism by which the leading variables of the enterprises factors affecting consumer’s eco-friendly consumption behaviors. In this research, based on previous studies and literature considerations, it tries to present a research model that the core benefits and relational benefits of the retail store which is the advantage of VMD affect eco-friendly consumption behavior through consumer's implicit and explicit motivation. And, considering the environment, this study assumes the regulatory role of the perceived risk on the environmental problems under the relationship between green consumption motive and consumption behavior. The purpose of this research is as follows. First, it clarifies the influence of the benefits of eco-friendly VMD in fashion retail stores on the eco-friendly consumption motive, which is a psychological factor of consumers, as a leading variable of corporate factors affecting consumers’ green consumption behavior. The core benefits and relational benefits provided by eco-friendly VMD will identify differentiated impacts on consumer motivation, which is a psychological factor that drives green consumption behavior. Second, the types of motivations that cause eco-friendly behavior are classified into explicit motivation and implicit motivation, and this study tries to find out which type of motivation better predicts eco-friendly consumption behavior. Third, it tries to verify the moderating role of environmental perceived risk in the relationship between explicit motivation, implicit motivation and green consumption behavior. By further organizing the theme of eco-friendly marketing research, this study has its academic significance in that it derives a comprehensive model, moderating consumers’ green consumption behavior regarding eco-friendly marketing stimulates. It reveals the mechanisms that affect green consumption behavior backed by fashion retail stores where consumer buying behavior actually takes place. Based on this research, it is expected that subsequent studies of a more fragmented viewpoint for fashion retail stores’ eco-friendly marketing will be developed that will give consideration to consumers' green consumption behavior. Practically, the results of this research can be utilized very conveniently. In a practical dimension, if it becomes possible to thoroughly understand the mechanism by which eco-friendly VMD stimulation leads to green consumption behavior, retailers are possible to formulate an environmental marketing strategy peculiar to the target market segment. From a socio-policy perspective, retailers can encourage consumers' eco-friendly consumption by giving a stimulus of VMD to them. Moreover this study will promote companies to develop and manage healthier and more sustainable products.