This paper presents a study on motivating and demotivating factors in learning Korean. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the learning motivation and demotivation of university students in Singapore taking Korean as unrestricted elective, and investigate what differences exist in the motivating and demotivating factors based on their Korean levels. Through the analysis of surveys on university students in Singapore, it was found that their major motivating factors were the travel orientation and the cultural interest. These motivating factors did not show any difference depending on the Korean levels. The major demotivating factors of Korean learners were the evaluation factor and the language factor. By interpreting open-ended responses, the competition factor was found as a demotivating factor. In addition, the competition factor and the language factor showed differences between the first level and the second level and above. This study suggests to motivate Korean learners by applying the major motivating factors to a class and weakening the major demotivating factors.

본 연구는 증강현실 홈 트레이닝 시스템을 통해 가상 참여자의 존자개 사용자에게 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 한다. 구체적으로, 가상의 참여자가 제공되는 경우와 아닌 경우의 몰입, 인지된 경쟁, 그리고 정보 습득의 욕구의 차이에 대해 살펴보았다. 자동으로 실험 참여자들의 자세에 따른 정확도와 피드백을 제공하는 홈 트레이닝 시스템을 직접 개발하였고, 이를 활용하여 다음의 세 가지 가설을 실증하였다. 첫째, 가상의 참여자를 보며 트레이닝 시스템을 사용하면 그렇지 않은 경우보다 몰입이 더욱 높을 것이다. 둘째, 가상의 참여자를 보며 트레이닝 시스템을 사용하면 그렇지 않은 경우보다 인지된 경쟁이 더욱 높을 것이다. 셋째, 가상의 참여자를 보며 트레이닝 시스템을 사용하면 그렇지 않은 경우보다 정보 습득의 욕구가 더욱 높을 것이다. 실험을 통해 세 가지 가설이 모두 지지되었으며, 가상의 참여자가 이용자에 영향을 미침을 확인할 수 있었다. 기존 연구가 가상 트레이닝 시스템 그 자체에 대한 효과를 보는 것에 반해, 본 연구가 가상 트레이닝 시스템을 이용할 때 다른 운동 참여자가 나오는 영상을 보는 것이 유의한가에 대한 답을 하고 있다는 점에서 시사점을 제공한다.

This case study investigated the changes of four Korean English major college students’ motivation and interest in TOEIC studying based on qualitative research method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted once a month for six months. Interest is a unique motivational variable with affective and cognitive domains together including interactions between persons and their objects wheres motivation is more broad, psychological and overlapping concept compared with interest. The results showed that the participants expressed the strong instrumental and extrinsic motivation for TOEIC studying while they confessed the intrinsic motivation for English learning. However, some participants had both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on TOEIC studying as time went by. The participants’ strong perceptions on TOEIC in Korea were strongly related with situational interest in TOEIC or TOEIC studying. The participants’ interest in TOEIC studying was triggered as they improved the TOEIC score. However, one participant showed the expiration of interest in TOEIC studying right after achieving a high TOEIC score, but his interest in potential English studying was triggered.

The purpose of this study was to explore how motivational factors affect Korean EFL secondary students’ motivated learning behavior using structural equation modeling (SEM). It further examined differences in the internal structure of L2 motivation over time. A total of 489 secondary school students participated in the study. Data were collected at two time points during an academic semester: in the beginning and at the end of the semester. Results of the SEM showed that students’ ideal L2 self was the strongest determinant of their motivated learning behavior at both time points for middle school students, whereas for high school students, ought-to L2 self had the strongest direct and significant impact on their motivated behavior in learning English throughout the semester. It was also found that both middle and high school students’ perceptions about the international posture of English and their parents’ involvement in English learning made indirect effects on their motivated behavior. Pedagogical implications and research suggestions are discussed.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of student-generated rubrics on learning motivation and academic achievement in simulation education. Methods: Student-generated rubrics was developed through the negotiation process between teacher and students, content validity has been verified. The participants were 122 undergraduate nursing students recruited from the one university in G city. The participants were given the simulation education for 15 weeks from 2011 to 2012. Experimental group were presented to student-generated rubrics before course starting was not presented to the control group. The data were analyzed by t-test with SPSS win 18.0 program. Results: Student-generated rubrics presented simulation education was to improve learning motivation and academic achievement. Conclusion: Student-generated rubrics with high reliability and validity in a number of areas to be developed and there is a need to be refined and ensure objectification of simulation education.

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of Clinical practice learning using a web-based e-book on nursing students' learning motivation, knowledge achievement and satisfaction with clinical practice. Methods: The participants in this study were 69 third-year nursing students (34 in the experimental and 35 in the control group) from a C-university in G-city, Korea, who were engaged in one-week clinical practicum in a gastroenterology ward. The data were analyzed by x²-test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test with the SPSS program 20.0. Results: After intervention, compared to the control group, the experimental group reported significant difference in Learning motivation (t=-3.61, p<.001), knowledge achievement(t=-2.92, p<.001), and satisfaction with clinical practice (t=-8.78, p<.001) in the training course using Mosby's nursing skills. Conclusion: These results identified that clinical practice learning using Mosby’s Nursing Skills was effective for the improvement of learning motivation, knowledge achievement and satisfaction with clinical practice. These results indicate that the implementation of an e-Learning needs to be continued as an effective educational tool. Also, it is needed to research more for better ways to implement e-Learning on students’ practicum.

This study examines the relationship of L2 learners’ motivational and attitudinal factors with the two versions (self-rated and tested) of proficiency. 79 Korean university students were assessed on measures of L2 orientations, motivation, and attitudes toward English using a questionnaire and learning autobiographies. The study also compared participants’ self-reported proficiency with their TOEIC scores. The results show that more of negative values (self-rated proficiency is lower than tested proficiency) came from students with high test scores than low-achieving students. Students defined gaining bilingual proficiency as criterion for success in L2 learning,and their expectation of such desired proficiency is significantly correlated with motivation and perceived significance of English, but not with the self-rated and tested proficiency. Multiple regression analyses suggest that students’ self-awareness of the importance of English learning significantly predicts their motivation, and linguistic L2confidence and self-assessment of target language competence are significant predictors for tested proficiency, but motivational intention is not. Potential interpretations for findings and implications for L2 pedagogy are discussed.

주기 위해 실천적 추론 과정을 적용하는 실천적 문제중심수업을 강조한다. 그러나 교실에서 만나는 학생들은 가정 교과에 대한 필요성이나 흥미도가 매우 낮아 가정 교과를 유용하지 않은 과목으로 인식하였으며, 학습에 적극적이지 못하고 실생활에서의 실천도도 낮은 편으로 나타났다. 이에 학생들로 하여금 가정 교과에 대한 인식을 개선하고 학습 참여도와 실천적 태도를 신장시킬 목적으로 연구를 시작하였다. 우선 어떻게 하면 학생들의 학습참여를 높일 수 있을까 고민하였다. 수업은 재미있어야 한다. 재미있는 수업을 통하여 흥미도를 높이고, 가정과목에 대한 인식을 바꾸어 나가고자 하였다. 이를 위해 더욱 적극적인 동기부여를 주기 위하여 켈러의 동기이론을 적용한 실천적 문제중심수업을 구안·적용하였다. 실천적 문제는 다양한 학습자료의 제공으로 흥미를 느끼고 접근하게 하였으며, 소그룹 협동학습 모둠을 기반으로 한 토론 및 다양한 체험 활동 위주의 수업을 통해 실천적 추론을 용이하게 하였다. 연구 결과 학생들은 가정 교과에 대한 인식의 변화를 가져왔는데, 가정 교과는 재미있고, 유용한 과목이며 실생활에서도 실천적 태도가 향상되었다고 응답하였다. 또한, 실천적 문제중심수업은 사고력, 협동심, 문제해결력 향상에 효과적이며, 앞으로도 실천적 문제중심의 수업을 희망하였다.

This study examines the relationship between students’ perceptions of learning contexts and motivation to learn English in Korea. Three categories of contexts were operationalized: the transnational context as learners’ international interest including study-abroad desires, the national context as awareness of English learning to prepare for CSAT (College Scholastic Ability Test) and their classroom experience as the last category. A total of 433 high school students were assessed on measures of L2 learning goals, perception of contexts, self-reported L2 proficiency and motivational intention in the questionnaire, followed by focal participants’ interviews and essays. The statistical analyses show that transitional and classroom categories are statistically correlated with motivational intention. However, the national context is negatively correlated with actual motivation. Multiple regression analyses found that the transnational category is the best predictor for motivational intention, while the national category involves the least significant predictor. The students’ classroom experience is also a meaningful, milder than transnational, predictor. Synthesized results of both quantitative and qualitative data suggest that L2 motivation is more of a sociolinguistic construct that should be construed in relation to multiple social contexts. Findings also suggest Dörnyei’s (2005, 2009) notion of the ideal L2 self can better explain the complexity of L2 learning motivation, whereby the integrative-instrumental dichotomy loses its explanatory power.

국내 이러닝 부문의 급속한 성장세를 배경으로 본 연구는 학습자의 학업성과는 학습동기 유발요인-학습동기-학업성과로 진행된다는 Noe(1986)와 Bruner(1997)등의 학습동기이론, Keller(1992)의 학습동기 유발전략 모형(ARCS모형), Keller와 Visser(1990)의 ARCS모형 적용사례 연구, 박수경(1998), 김용래(1993)의 연구 등에 근거, 사이버 대학의 이러닝을 대상으로 이러닝에 내재된 ARCS적 학습동기 유발요인들이 학

This article reports on research into self-directed English leaning of Korean university students, focusing on their motivation and metacognition. In general, university students in Korea undertake independent learning to improve their English competence outside the classroom, rather than relying on English courses provided by their universities. Although much of their English learning is self-directed, little has been known about how they carry out their out-of-class English learning. To obtain a better understanding of their self-directed learning, this study, employing a qualitative approach, analyzed reflective journals written by 25 university students during one semester. From the analysis, students’ motivation and metacognition emerged as important themes involved in the students’ self-directed learning. The findings of this study suggest that student motivation continuously ebbs and flows as a result of its complex interrelationship with contextual factors. In addition, it was found that students’ metacognitive knowledge played a crucial role in directing their out-of-class learning as students adopted learning strategies based on their metacognitive knowledge, which was again formed and revised in the course of their learning process. Finally, this article presents suggestions for promoting students’ self-directed English learning.

본 연구는 협동학습에서 소집단 경쟁을 유도하는 집단보상과 소집단 구성원의 결속을 강조하는 협동기술 훈련의 효과를 비교하기 위하여 시도되었다. 이를 위하여 초등학교 6학년 3개 학급을 대상으로 문제중심 협동학습을 실시하였고 2개 학급에서는 각각 집단보상과 협동기술 훈련을 실시하였다. 학업성취도 면에서 이질적으로 구성된 소집단별로 진행된 협동학습 후에 세 집단의 과학성취도와 학습동기 점수를 성취도 수준별로 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 첫째, 집단보상과 협동기술 훈련이 과학성취도에 영향을 미쳤으며 학습자의 학업성취 수준에 따른 차이가 나타났다. 즉 성취 수준 상위인 학습자에게는 집단보상이 협동기술 훈련보다 효과적인 반면 하위인 학습자에게는 협동기술 훈련이 집단보상보다 효과적이었으며 중위인 학습자는 집단보상과 협동기술 훈련이 모두 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 집단보상과 협동기술 훈련이 학습동기에 영향을 미쳤으나 학습자의 학업성취 수준과는 관련이 없었다. 학습동기의 하위요소별로는 주의력 요소에는 효과가 없었으나 자신감과 만족감 요소에는 효과가 나타났다.