The study aims to examine preferences between community residents and visitors in designing a rural community garden. It analyzed diverse aspects of a garden design including garden’s function, location, management subject, components and so on. The survey was conducted on residents or visitors participants with a self-administered survey questionnaire. The results revealed that both residents and visitors highly preferred a rural community garden as a role of relaxation, appreciation, and healing. Meanwhile, there were differences of preference for location and garden components between residents and visitors. The results implicated that residents’ preference and characteristics of a community are essential in designing a rural community garden, which will lead to sustainable garden construction.

Although the frequency of use for community facilities in rural villages is growing as well as the importance of the facilities for urban-rural exchange is being highlighted, study on spatial location-analysis of the facilities for such multi-purpose is not so much. This study aims to find the spatial distribution forms of community facilities in rural villages such as community center and rural-pocket park through location-analysis, in order to provide available data for selecting location in the future. As the study area, Sojeong-myeon, Sejong Special City was selected. This study conducted GIS analysis for criteria of the location-evaluation model developed in this study. This study introduced the concept of time-distance for accessibility analysis. This paper also used linear-consecutive scoring method(LCSM) as a scoring method of criteria and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method for weighting values of criteria. The application results showed that the new model can generate the intensity of community facilities according to spatial distribution and accessibility from cities to the facilities.

As rural development projects, mostly carried out in a top-down development method in the past came to take a bottom-up development method in earnest, entering the 2000s, resident participation became an essential element of a rural community design project, to the extent that it can influence the success or failure of a rural community design project. It is taken for granted that rural residents independently participate in community design projects, but as they are accustomed to various subsidy projects carried out by the government and become increasingly aging, it is not easy to induce their spontaneous participation in farming areas with such problems. Especially, to prevent the distrust between administrative agencies and residents from serving as an obstacle in the residents' spontaneous participation, it is necessary to construct horizontal governance among the village residents, administrative agencies and the group of experts supporting for the project. This study attempted to verify the mediating effect of governance in the relationship between resident participation and the performance of the rural community design project based on this problem recognition, and for this purpose, the results of a survey with residents in Utturu Village, Hangyeong-myeon, Jeju-si, which was completed by carrying out a comprehensive rural development project, the typical bottom-up community design project was used for an empirical analysis. The results of the study can provide implications for setting directions, establishing strategies and constructing governance of rural community design projects in the future, and especially, it can be said that this study has academic significance in that governance is recognized as an important variable related to the project performance.

In terms of both quality of rural lifestyle and cultural awareness, the importance of community facility is being emphasized. Nevertheless, by occasion of graying, population outflow and revenue loss, rural society faces the erosion of community. For these reasons, government is promotion an community space construction project on rural areas which is lack of community facilities. Whereas the projects are just one off thing not include upkeeping, so lots of functional overlapping community facilities are formed in same place. In this study has classified rural community facility remodeling element and designed rural community facility evaluation system of each elements. In order to implement of purpose, it has categorized community remodeling index in rural area by literature analysis and site survey. For setting remodeling rating system, this study analysed preceding research data and conducted a Delphi survey of 30 experts. As a result, this study deducted 29 categories of community remodeling index and 21 categorizes of remodeling rating clause. Taking this result, this study progressed case study on seonheul-ri in Jeju. Implications, limitations and future research directions are presented. It would be groundwork for remodeling system development in rural community facility.

The purpose of this study was to develop survey tools for diagnosis of capacity levels in business promotion of rural residents when performing a rural development project of a regional unit. The cases of previous studies were analyzed to select community capacity indicators related to a rural development project. Five indicators were derived : social capital, consciousness of participation, community spirit, and leadership. Based on the five indicators, measurement items of various capacities were selected and 54 survey items were selected through evaluation of experts twice. The pilot tests were conducted and targeted at Jeonnam song ho-jung village and Gyeongnam Haegeumgang village to identify derived survey items. In addition, descriptive statistic analysis and reliability analysis were conducted. As a result, survey items were corrected by reducing 10 items of the total 54 items. This results showed that using this tool could help us understand capacity levels of rural residents.

This study has analyzed overseas projects of building rural communities using vacant houses. It is aimed at identifying the roles of NPO in the community-building projects and providing implications applicable to Korea. In recent years, there has been a spike in the number of vacant houses in rural areas. It is due to rapid urbanization and uneven distribution of the population across the country. Those are the reasons that prompted community-building projects. To solve the vacant house issue, there has been rising interest in building communities through vacant houses as rural resources and effectively integrating them as useful resources. However, the roles of key entity that pursues community-building projects using vacant houses have not been discussed sufficiently. Thus, this study deals with the 'Vacant House Recreation Project of NPO Corporation in Onomichi' in Hiroshima, Japan. Through the case study, the following are introduced as NPO's roles in community-building projects using vacant houses. First, pursuing promotion and attracting attention by making the utilization of vacant houses sensational; system improvement; offering information. Second, enhancing the perception of local residents by offering local services using vacant houses; offering community-building items. Third, forming a place of public discussion to solve conflicts during community-building projects using vacant houses; offering alternatives to building communities. Above all, such roles have led to the key status of NPO during its community-building projects using vacant houses. It offers the following implication for Korea: Future vacant house-related policies for rural revitalization should be done from community-building standpoint and include establishing the roles of NPO.

Village community centers are public locations where residential members of communities gather for various group meetings, social support, public information and recreational activities. Since the residents voluntarily operate the facilities, a convenient access to the center is a very important criterion for choosing where such facilities should be distributed throughout the districts. In particular, it is highly desirable to locate them within walking-distances from the residential populations. In this work, we have evaluated the accessibility to the community centers in several rural areas based on the surveys that were collected from year 2005 to 2012. We used the collected rural amenity resource distributions of the area for the evaluating the accessibilities to village center. More specifically, we considered some factors such as residential district and fraction of elderly population in the vicinity.

Rural villages have many problems such as the collapse of rural village communities with continued over-depopulation and aging, reduced functions of towns and villages, deteriorated services with changes in the structure of settlement class and decreased use of the facilities. they also have difficulties in maintenance in spite of the increase of the roles of rural village community facilities. Various plans for the utilization of community facilities to promote the vitality of rural villages and the revitalization of communities have been needed. Thus, this study aimed to offer basic data to seek for future plans to utilize community facilities and reconstruct communities through an analysis of the current uses of energy and community facilities in rural villages. The results indicated that the consumption of petroleum was highest in mountain villages at an average of 187,475 won/month(137ℓ), followed by fishing villages at an average of 144,142 won/month(104ℓ) and rural villages at an average of 126,070 won/month(93ℓ). The rate of utilization of community facilities was reversely highest in rural villages at 84.3%, followed by fishing villages at 61.1% and mountain villages at 40.7%. This research also found that households saved energy when they used community facilities and areas with a high rate of utilization of community facilities at a lower average temperature in winter. It saved approximately 33% energy compared to other areas. Finally, efficient and economical methods for community facilities in villages to be newly developed and the remodeling of existing facilities should been needed in the future to contribute to reconstructing rural village communities that face a crisis of maintenance or abolition.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the rural community planning focusing on the stepwise empowerment system in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do province. This paper also tries to examine how this system affect the awareness for community planning and empowerment of the residents. The satisfaction of the people who join this program were also investigated. The subjects of the research were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of the people who join the system from the first stage, and group B consisted of the people who joined the fourth stage directly. The differences of the recognition, capability changes and satisfaction between two groups were compared and analyzed by questionnaires. The results of this research can be summarized as follows. The first, group A recognized the community planning system in Jinan-gun more positively than group B. They thought that it's very useful and beneficial for their community and this system should be continued further. The second, group A considered that they achieved bigger advancement in community design capabilities in terms of personal, relational and social aspects than group B. In addition, group A also showed higher satisfaction for rural community planning than group B. Based on the results, alternatives for rural community planning were drawn as follows. The first, considering that group A showed more positive responses, starting from the first stage is more stable way to succeed in rural community planning. Which means the critical condition of community design is not the community business but the improving the public awareness and community mind. The second, it's considered that the number of participation is proportional to the advancement of capability in community project, so improving residents' opportunity to participation in community design might be effective. The third, community leader is another critical condition. It is needed to pay more attention to the education for the rural community leader with good experience and capability of community affairs.

This study aims at providing the basic information required for policies on return to countryside for farming or else, through analysing the actual state of settlement and the community of people returning to rural areas. The comparative analysis of people returning toward general village and sub-urban residential complex in rural has been done to figure out the settlement environment. And the status analysis targeting the people returning to rural areas and original residents who live in general village have been done to figure out the actual state of the community. As a result, people returning toward sub-urban residential complex in rural moved for something else, while people returning toward general village in rural moved with the purpose of farming. Like this, the aims of moving into rural areas show difference. There is little conflict between people returning to rural areas and original residents, but some people have an intention to move the other place due to the conflict with original residents. So the community revitalization is needed for the active responses and suitable adaptation of them. On the basis of this study, policy tasks for return to countryside for farming or else were suggested as follows; 1) It is necessary to formulate each policy on return for farming and something else to rural areas discriminatively. 2) The economic support for a stable settlement of people returning to rural areas and the programs activating community with original residents are required. The discussion about the new community formation is needed to respond to the increase of people returning to rural areas.

The purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis of rural village's community status and consciousness through a questionnaire survey of community leaders and members. Nine types of rural village communities were selected in Korea through a pre-survey of amenity resources data from the Rural Development Administration. Survey items that could determine characteristics of rural village communities were derived from a literature survey of rural village community systems. A questionnaire survey was conducted for 12 Eup-Myeon in Yesan Gun and responses were gathered from 66 community leaders and 1,222 community members. The results derived from the data collected from the community leaders show that 50% percent of rural village communities have been operating for over 25 years, and that community works such as group purchases are carried out based on emotional sympathies between residents. The results derived from the data collected from community members show that on average, community activities are carried out at places that are between 30 and 60 minutes away. Most members are satisfied with regard to the status of their rural village community. A correlation analysis showed that the rural village community satisfaction depended on travel time, community fee, and activity time.

Community building has been carried out from around the year 2000 by various statutes and government policies in Korea. This study suggested direction of the future for rural community building as surveyed cases of completed four villages in Gurye-county. In order to achieve this study's objectives, investigated previous studies and interviewed 75 person's residents in cases villagers. The target villages are Sangsa, Omi, Chamsaimigol and Artists village. As survey results, four villages utilized local resources, most of villages were focused perform hardware. On the other hand, Chamsaimigol was parallel software. In addition, communities didn't form and not agree with concept of community building as culture, education, welfare, etc., also didn't creation the case of village income. but active village as base development. Therefor, proposed the point to education, culture and welfare, base development and generating of income as directions for future rural community building. These directions are consistent with the concept of community building and the goal that improve the quality of life of residents ultimately through community building.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the community center users' the determinants of utilization & satisfaction for the exploit and to draw out the implication as to what are the influencing factors. The ordered logit model approach was used to examine the determinants. For the use of community center, we surveyed by mail subjecting on rural residents for one month, June 2012, analyzed 625 valid questionnaires. The findings are as follows. First, 'Facility-Satisfaction', 'Education', 'Exploit-Frequency' and 'Age' are the most important factors which affect users' satisfaction. Second, 'A meeting hall function', 'Cultural & Educational function', 'Social & Organizational function', and 'functional criticality function' influence the attributes of users' utilization. Therefore, it is needed to establish the various functions of community center and to prepare the vitalization plan in futuristic viewpoint reflecting the change of rural area. In addition, since there is no clear entity to supervise community center administratively, policy support system to community center should be equipped. Along with these, it is needed to develop managing and operation model for customized community center.

This study is to suggest the improving methods for rural community centers by analysis of 30 community centers in Samnangjin-eup, Miryang city, Gyeongnam. To fulfill this purpose, the facilities, usable condition and management system were examined. The user needs and level of satisfaction were also investigated through the interviews with 858 citizens. The average size of the centers is 96m2, and 73% of them are one-story buildings. Women use the community center more frequently than men in ratio of 6:4. 43.4% of interviewees visit the center 1 or 2 times a month, but on the other hand 27.4% of them use the center almost every day. Recess is surely the main purpose, and health care and community meeting are next two reasons. 67.8% and 72.4% of them are not satisfied with the inside and outside of the community center respectively. The interview results demonstrate that the most important issue is the lack of facilities. To improve the community centers in Samnangjin-eup, first of all, various kinds of indoor and outdoor facilities must be equipped. Secondly, considering the center is the core of rural community life, the qualitative improvement in accommodation is also needed as well as facility diversification. The efficiency of space utilization is another issue. A small piece of land or abandoned space must be utilized. Moreover, it is very critical that the users are mostly seniors and elders, so improvements of facilities will be executed in terms of safety and convenience. Finally, administrative and financial support should be made for the people, so as to maintain the the rural community center on their own.

In less favored areas, it is getting more difficult to manage Satoyama according to aging of rural residents and depopulation. Some support of urban residents are necessary for management of Satoyama. In this paper, the role of Satoyama management activities was clarified through the analysis of the feature of activities for managing Satoyama. The questionnaire and interview surveys were done in order to clarify the actual conditions for management of Satoyama and activities of urban residents who are participating in NPO in Hyogo Prefecture. The results of analysis are as follows. (1)The form of rural-urban exchange in Satoyama is different in each Satoyama. (2)The urban residents are contributing to the region very much on both sides of the manager and the visitor in Satoyama. (3)Many urban residents visit Satoyama for the purpose of enjoying the variety of nature and culture programs in rural area. (4)There are some urban residents who participate in activities for managing Satoyama even if Satoyama is far from their residence. So it is important for rural residents to arrange the condition that they can visit rural area without difficulty.

Community facilities in most rural villages have many problems in the aspect of their size or functions as well as they are generally too superannuated to support diverse community activities; which results in a low degree of inhabitants' satisfaction with community facilities, and inconvenience for using them. Therefore, it may carefully be said that it's time to need the established studies that are necessary with consider to community facilities which can reflect inhabitants' diverse activities. In this study, 5 places which the most common events among the major monthly events of total 25 rural villages were held were selected as the subject place for survey; and then investigated, by means of the participant observation method, the using behavior of inhabitants who used community facilities. Focusing on size, factors, and layout that were being faced by community facilities in most rural villages, This study investigated the number of users, the characteristics of traffic line and behavior, and the using behavior by group; through considering their correlation with the physical setting of community space, it deduced the problems of use; and it proposed the direction of improvement on the basis thereof. Therefore, this study will serve in the future as useful basic materials for designing a rural village's community facilities in consideration of size, factors and layout which can appropriately support inhabitants' community activities.