In this study, the current situation of recycling domestic and foreign metal clearance waste was reviewed to suggest the optimal recycling scenario for metal clearance waste that occurs the most when decommission nuclear power plants. Factors that can directly or indirectly affect the recycling of metal clearance waste were analyzed and evaluation criteria that can be used to evaluate optimal recycling measures were prepared. Using this, a scenario for recycling the optimal metal clearance waste suitable for the domestic environment was proposed. As a result of comparing/reviewing the importance of the first level of the evaluation criteria, public acceptance, national policy, and regulatory requirements were evaluated as the most important ones, and recycling acceptance and regulatory requirements were evaluated as the most important the second level of evaluation criteria. As a result of reviewing the clearance waste recycling scenario, it was evaluated that unrestricted recycling scenario was preferred. This may be because the survey subjects are composed of experts in the nuclear power field, so they know recycling of clearance waste in general industries does not significantly affect radiation safety. However even if it is clearance waste, the public may feel reluctant to recycle just because it was discharged from nuclear power plants, so policy and institutional improvements are needed to reassure the public along with the scientific safety of clearance waste. In addition, in order to improve public acceptance, it seems necessary to prepare specific measures to ensure the participation of public in the entire decommissioning process, share related information, and disclose all routes from generation to disposal of decommissioning waste. Considering that research on domestic clearance waste recycling options has not been activated, this study is significant in that it derives a scenario for recycling metal clearance waste that can be implemented. Also, it is expected that the evaluation criteria derived from this study will be used significantly when establishing a radioactive waste management strategy.

Waste that contains or is contaminated with radionuclides arises from a number of activities involving the use of radioactive material. Such activities include the operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities; the use of radionuclides in medicine, industry, agriculture, research and education. Radioactive waste must be safely disposed in a radioactive waste repository for the protection of public health and the environment. In order to safely dispose of radioactive waste in a repository, it is important to derive an optimal predisposal management scenario because radioactive waste must be processed (i.e. processing (pretreatment, treatment and conditioning), storage and transport) for satisfying waste acceptance criteria (WAC). Optimal scenario of predisposal management of radioactive waste is derived for considering the balancing of exposures of workers and/or those of members of the public, the short term and long term risk implications of different waste management strategies, the technological options available and the costs. However, existing studies for deriving the optimal scenario of predisposal management of radioactive waste have evaluated only the radiation dose of workers and public within given scenarios using fixed value, or have derived optimal single process (i.e. decontamination) of predisposal management using Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) methodology. In this study, optimal predisposal management scenario is derived by evaluating exposures of workers using system dynamics (SD) technique. Radiation dose assessment SD model was modeled using VENSIM® code developed by VENTANA systems Inc.. SD Model has the advantage of being able to respond flexibly when decision makers want to change input data and it has the advantage of being able to track dynamically changing phenomena and visually confirm interdependence. After that, based on the SD model derived from this study, evaluations of exposures of public, cost, and technicality will be added to be utilized when establishing an optimal scenario of predisposal management of radioactive waste considering multi attribute.

This presentation summarizes recent research on estimating the mechanical loading environment of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) during normal storage and transportation scenarios sponsored by the US Department of Energy Spent Fuel and Waste Science and Technology (SFWST) program. Normal conditions of truck, ship, and railroad transportation of SNF were studied with testing and numerical modeling to determine that the shock and vibration loads applied to SNF during transportation are not expected to challenge SNF cladding integrity or the fatigue life of cladding. The 30 cm package drop scenario was studied with experiments and modeling to determine that mechanical loads during a 30 cm SNF package drop scenario are only expected to challenge SNF cladding integrity under worstcase conditions at elevated temperatures. The SFWST program is currently preparing seismic shake table testing to record SNF mechanical loads in a dry storage earthquake scenario. This presentation summarizes the findings of the transportation and package drop research and details the progress made on the current seismic test.

This study was carried out to compare the DMY (dry matter yield) of IRG (Italian ryegrass) in the southern coastal regions of Korea due to seasonal climate scenarios such as the Kaul-Changma (late monsoon) in autumn, extreme winter cold, and drought in the next spring. The IRG data (n = 203) were collected from various Reports for Collaborative Research Program to Develop New Cultivars of Summer Crops in Jeju, 203 Namwon, and Yeungam from the Rural Development Administration (1993 – 2013). In order to define the seasonal climate scenarios, climate variables including temperature, humidity, wind, sunshine were used by collected from the Korean Meteorological Administration. The discriminant analysis based on 5% significance level was performed to distinguish normal and abnormal climate scenarios. Furthermore, the DMY comparison was simulated based on the information of sample distribution of IRG. As a result, in the southern coastal regions, only the impact of next spring drought on DMY of IRG was critical. Although the severe winter cold was clearly classified from the normal, there was no difference in DMY. Thus, the DMY comparison was simulated only for the next spring drought. Under the yield comparison simulation, DMY (kg/ha) in the normal and drought was 14,743.83 and 12,707.97 respectively. It implies that the expected damage caused by the spring drought was about 2,000 kg/ha. Furthermore, the predicted DMY of spring drought was wider and slower than that of normal, indicating on high variability. This study is meaningful in confirming the predictive DMY damage and its possibility by spring drought for IRG via statistical simulation considering seasonal climate scenarios.

Global warming has a major impact on the Earth’s precipitation and temperature fluctuations, and significantly affects the habitats and biodiversity of many species. Although the number of alien plants newly introduced in South Korea has recently increased due to the increasing frequency of international exchanges and climate change, studies on how climate change affects the distribution of these alien plants are lacking. This study predicts changes in the distribution of suitable habitats according to RCPs climate change scenarios using the current distribution of the invasive alien plant Conyza sumatrensis and bioclimatic variables. C. sumatrensis has a limited distribution in the southern part of South Korea. Isothermality (bio03), the max temperature of the warmest month (bio05), and the mean temperature of the driest quarter (bio09) were found to influence the distribution of C. sumatrensis. In the future, the suitable habitat for C. sumatrensis is projected to increase under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate change scenarios. Changes in the distribution of alien plants can have a significant impact on the survival of native plants and cause ecosystem disturbance. Therefore, studies on changing distribution of invasive species according to climate change scenarios can provide useful information required to plan conservation strategies and restoration plans for various ecosystems.

In this study, rainfall infiltration in vault of the second near-surface disposal facility was evaluated on the basis of various disposal scenarios. A total of four different disposal scenarios were examined based on the locations of the radioactive waste containers. A numerical model was developed using the FEFLOW software and finite element method to simulate the behavior of infiltrated water in each disposal scenario. The effects of the disposal scenarios on the infiltrated water were evaluated by estimating the flux of the infiltrated water at the vault interfaces. For 300 years, the flux of infiltrated water flowing into the vault was estimated to be 1 mm/year or less for all scenario. The overall results suggest that when the engineered barriers are intact, the flux of infiltrated water cannot generate a sufficient pressure head to penetrate the vault. In addition, it is confirmed that the disposal scenarios have insignificant effects on the infiltrated water flowing into the vault.

The ROK Army must detect the enemy’s location and the type of artillery weapon to respond effectively at wartime. This paper proposes a radar positioning model by applying a scenario-based robust optimization method i.e., binary integer programming. The model consists of the different types of radar, its available quantity and specification. Input data is a combination of target, weapon types and enemy position in enemy’s attack scenarios. In this scenario, as the components increase by one unit, the total number increases exponentially, making it difficult to use all scenarios. Therefore, we use partial scenarios to see if they produce results similar to those of the total scenario, and then apply them to case studies. The goal of this model is to deploy an artillery locating radar that maximizes the detection probability at a given candidate site, based on the probability of all possible attack scenarios at an expected enemy artillery position. The results of various experiments including real case study show the appropriateness and practicality of our proposed model. In addition, the validity of the model is reviewed by comparing the case study results with the detection rate of the currently available radar deployment positions of Corps. We are looking forward to enhance Korea Artillery force combat capability through our research.

북한은 2017년 9월 3일 풍계리 핵실험장에서 6차 지하 핵실험을 단행하였다. 이전에 수행했던 핵실험들과 달리 풍계리 핵 실험장 주변에서 몇 차례의 유발지진이 발생하였고 이로 인해 지하에 갇혀 있던 방사성제논이 대기 중으로 방출되는데 영향을 끼쳤을 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구에서는 북한의 6차 핵실험 이후에 발생한 유발지진을 고려하여 핵실험으로 발생한 방사성제논의 몇 가지 방출 시나리오에 따른 대기확산 모의실험을 본 연구진이 개발한 LADAS (Lagrangian Atmospheric Dose Assessment System) 모델에 기상청의 수치예보자료를 적용하여 수행하였다. 방사성제논의 가능한 검출 위치와 시간을 찾기 위해, 1일 간격 및 1주일 간격의 지연방출뿐만 아니라 유발지진으로 유출된 지연방출 시나리오도 설정하였다. 포괄 적핵실험금지조약기구(Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization)에서 운영중인 전세계관측망(International Monitoring System)과 원자력안전위원회의 133Xe 탐지 결과는 유발지진으로 유출된 방사성제논의 방출 시나리오에 따른 모의실험의 결과와 대체로 부합되었다.

본 연구에서는 LNG 추진선에서 배관의 파손으로 천연가스가 누출되었을 때 누출공의 크기별 플래시 화재, 과압, 복사열에 따 른 피해범위를 ALOHA(Areal Location of Hazardous Atmospheres)를 이용하여 산출했다. 그리고 민감도 분석을 위해 환경 변수(풍속, 대기온 도, 대기 안정도)와 공정 변수(배관 압력, 배관 길이)로 구분하여 다양한 시나리오별 피해영향범위를 분석했다. 그 결과 환경 변수에 따른 피해범위는 플래시 화재에 의한 피해범위가 가장 컸으며 다음으로 과압, 복사열 순서로 큰 피해범위를 나타냈다. 그리고 공정 변수에 따른 피해범위를 산출한 결과 배관의 압력과 길이, 누출공의 크기와 관계없이 플래시 화재에 의한 피해범위가 가장 컸으며, 환경 변수와 동일하게 과압, 복사열 순서로 높은 피해범위를 보였다. 또한 누출공의 크기가 클수록 환경 변수와 공정 변수가 피해범위에 큰 영향을 주었으며 제트 환재에 의한 피해범위는 환경 변수에 비해 공정 변수에 의한 피해범위가 더 큰 것을 알 수 있었다.

A methodology to assess seismic fragility of a nuclear power plant (NPP) using a conditional mean spectrum is proposed as an alternative to using a uniform hazard response spectrum. Rather than the single-scenario conditional mean spectrum, which is the conventional conditional mean spectrum based on a single scenario, a multi-scenario conditional mean spectrum is proposed for the case in which no single scenario is dominant. The multi-scenario conditional mean spectrum is defined as the weighted average of different conditional mean spectra, each one of which corresponds to an individual scenario. The weighting factors for scenarios are obtained from a deaggregation of seismic hazards. As a validation example, a seismic fragility assessment of an NPP containment structure is performed using a uniform hazard response spectrum and different single-scenario conditional mean spectra and multi-scenario conditional mean spectra. In the example, the number of scenarios primarily influences the median capacity of the evaluated structure. Meanwhile, the control frequency, a key parameter of a conditional mean spectrum, plays an important role in reducing logarithmic standard deviation of the corresponding fragility curves and corresponding high confidence of low probability of failure (HCLPF) capacity.