21종류의 폴리스티렌 용기를 대상으로 용출조건에 따른 용기내 증류수로 용출되는 5종의 VOCs(톨루엔, 스티렌, 에틸벤젠, 이소프로필벤젠 및 n-프로필벤젠)를 Purge&Trap 장치를 연결하여GC-FID로 분석하였다. 각 표준물질은 1~50 ng/ mL의 농도범위에서 직선성(r2 =0.9976~0.9995)을 나타냈으며, 검출한계는 0.041~0.092 ng/mL, 정량한계는 0.135~0.304 ng/mL 이었다. 용출조건은 첫째, 60oC에서 30분, 둘째, 95oC에서 30분, 셋째, 실생활에서 컵라면 섭취시를 고려하여 끓은 물을 부은 후 뚜껑을 덮고 3분간 유지한 다음 뚜껑을 열고 5분 동안 개방하여 용출시키는 것으로 설정하였다. 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 이소프로필벤젠 및 n-프로필벤젠은 평균용출량이 모든 조건에서 5 ng/mL 이하로 검출되었으며 스티렌의 경우는 60oC에서 평균용출량이 4.02 ng/mL, 95oC에서는 52.71 ng/mL, 컵라면 섭취시의 조건에서는 17.23 ng/mL로 검출되었다.

This study investigated the indoor air concentrations and the harmful effects on health by hazardous pollutants in the normal classrooms and special classrooms of 132 elementary, middle, and high schools located in 13 sites in Chungnam from February 2006 to June 2007. The results obtained from this investigation are as follows. As the results of the survey on the indoor air quality, volatile organic compounds were higher in normal classrooms(251.67㎍/m³) than special classrooms (181.59㎍/m³), and formaldehyde was significantly higher in special classrooms (34.22㎍/m³) than normal classrooms (24.61㎍/m³). With regards to the differences of pollutant distribution among elementary, middle, and high schools, volatile organic compounds were the highest in elementary schools (210.79㎍/m³) followed by middle schools (207.79㎍/m³) and high schools (195.96㎍/ m³), and formaldehyde was the highest in high schools (36.03㎍/m³) followed by elementary schools (29.84㎍/ m³) and middle schools (29.16㎍/m³). With regards to the mean concentration of pollutants by school building age, VOCs were the highest in less than 1 year old classrooms (410.93㎍/m³), followed by less than 3 years old classrooms (156.52㎍/m³) and less than 2 years old classrooms (120.18㎍/m³). Formaldehyde was also investigated to be significantly higher in less than 1 year old classrooms (41.37㎍/m³) than 2 or 3 years old classrooms (31.50㎍/m³, 22.21㎍/m³, respectively).

In this paper the lifetime risk assessment of exposure to airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in environmental atmosphere was carried out in one of the Korean industrial city, Gumi based on their measurements of VOCs at five representative outdoor monitoring sites. According to this study toluene, trichloroethylene, and dichloromethane are three main VOCs in Gumi. The carcinogenic risks 5the carcinogenic VOC are greater than the benchmark concentration (1.0E-6) in all five designated sites. Particularly, the Lifetime Cancer Risk in industrial complex 1 and 2 reached 9.64E-5 and 1.32E-4, respectively, both of which are far higher than the benchmark risks. The components of predominant risk in industrial areas are found as chloroform, benzene and trichloroethylene, while those of other sites are benzene and chloroform. It was estimated that the contributions of those componentsto cancer risk are not less than 90%. For non carcinogenic VOCs, the total hazard indices in 5 monitored sites are less than 1. The hazard index in industry complex No. 2 recorded the highest among 5 sites up to 0.663 due to the dominant contribution of 1, 2-dichloropropane by up to 50% (0.335). Based on this analysis, effective emission reduction for chloroform, benzene, trichloroethylene, and 1,2-dichloropropane will rapidly I the cancer risks and hazard indices in Gumi.

Studies on the indoor air quality inside newly producted vehicle have made mainly mention of the concentrations for indoor air pollutants or of subjective symptoms, such as irritated eyes and nose, headache and dizziness. That is, there has been no report about how poor indoor air quality inside newly producted vehicle affects vehicle drivers. We measured the indoor air pollutants inside newly producted vehicle and evaluated the neurobehavioral performance of drivers, using a computerized neurobehavioral test (color word vigilance), between a newly producted and a 11-year-old vehicle. Inside the newly producted vehicle, the formaldehyde concentration with closed window was 19.1㎍/m³. The concentration of VOCs with closed window was 3.9㎍/m³ for benzene, 316.7㎍/m³ for toluene, 20.5㎍/m³ for ethylbenzene, 47.7㎍/m³ for m,p-xylene, 15.1㎍/m³ for o-xylene, and 15.3㎍/m³ for styrene. The neurobehavioral performance of drivers inside newly producted vehicle with the computerized neurobehavioral test was 11.05% lower than that for those inside 11-year-old control vehicle. These results suggest that the poor indoor air quality inside newly producted vehicle affects the neurobehavioral performance of driver and a proper evaluation of the indoor air quality inside newly producted vehicle is required into the health effects of pollutants with objective tool, in addition to the level of pollution.

We proposed the new nano-carbon ball (NCB) materials for eliminating the total volatile organic compounds(TVOCs) from the felt which is built in the car. The concentrations of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde of the original felts were varied upon the different production lots. Acetaldehyde in the felt can be eliminated to target level(0.2μg) after introducing 0.5 wt% of NCB into the felt. Detector tube method for analyzing formaldehyde gas was more accurate than HPLC method. Formaldehyde can be eliminated to target level (64 ppb) after introducing 0.5 wt% of NCB into the felt. We also found that TVOC can be reduced to target level (0.32μg) after introducing 2.0 wt% of NCB. Upon introducing small amounts of NCB into the felt, it was possible that the level of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and TVOC formed from the felts can be reduced to the target level. We also suggest the effective analyzing method of TVOCs.

The airms of this study are to examine the concentrations of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in hospitals and to compare concentrations of VOCsin hospital with public facilities. Mean concentraton of total volatile organic compounds(TVOCs) in hospital was 103.97±87.39㎍/m³, that was lower than guideline of KMOE. The highest concentration of VOCs in hospital was 19.07±13.47㎍/m³ for Toluene. The distribution of VOCs in hospitals was log-normal distribution. As the result of Monte carlo simulation, the distribution of VOCs in hospitals was log-normal distribution with the exception of Toluene with normal distribution.

In this study VOCs and odors in ambient air of the Wanju industrial site and a regional area were measured to build up a data base and predict the effect of them on the ambient air quality of the near regional area. Emission characteristics were examined by measuring odors and VOCs from the main emission sources sorted by the categories of industries. Three emission points were selected for odors and five points were for VOCs. VOCs in ambient airs of the industrial site and outside regional area toward the wind direction were also measured continuously during three days per a season for a year and the effect of the VOCs emitted from the industrial sites on the ambient air of the near regional area were evaluated. GC-PFPD, HPLC, and GC-FID were used for measuring sulfur compounds, aldehyde, and trimethylamine among odorous compounds and GC-MSD was used for VOCs. As the main results of this study, toluene, benzene, xylene, styrene, ethyl benzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were detected as main volatile organic compounds in this area. Hydrogen sulfide, trimethylamine and acetaldehyde were main detected species the odorous compounds.

실내 공기는 대기와는 달리 실내 건축 자재에서 유래된 물질로 오염될 수 있다. 본 연구는 실내자재인 카펫에서 방출되는 휘발성 유기화합물의 생물학적 영향을 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 카펫과 자주달개비 BNL 4430 꽃차례를 환경노출시험용기에 넣고 일정시간 노출을 실시하였고 흡착관의 VOCs에 대한 화학분석을 실시하였다. 화학분석결과 카펫에서는 12종의 VOCs가 방출되는 것이 확인되었으며 이중 스틸렌(71.9μg m-3)과 톨루엔(

This study was undertaken to determine the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the indoor air between houses of atopy, asthma patients and new houses. Total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) in the indoor and outdoor air of normal houses were measured as 92.6 and 72.5 ㎍/㎥, respectively. TVOCs in the indoor and outdoor air of atopy patient's houses were 152 and 42.1 ㎍/㎥. TVOCs in the indoor and outdoor air of asthma patient's houses was 165 and 50.1 ㎍/㎥. TVOCs in the indoor and outdoor air of new houses was 158 and 78.3 ㎍/㎥. It was found that the concentrations of VOCs were higher in the indoor air of atopy, asthma patient's and new houses than the normal houses. This suggests that the concentration of VOCs can influence atopy and asthma.

This study was undertaken to investigate the concentration of VOCs from newly built apartments in three cities (Suncheon, Yeosu, and Gwangyang) of Honam province in Korea. VOCs were sampled using canister and analyzed by GC/MSD. The result of the canister blank test showed that, most VOCs were not detected when 5 ppb was cleaned once and 10 ppb was cleaned with two times. In case of the replicate alalysis to check for the precision of GC/MSD, RSD values were found to be excellent at 6%. The upper floor of C apartment (25 pyong) showed the highest concentration of TVOCs at 3,235 ㎍/㎥. The average concentration of TVOCs was the highest in C apartment (25 pyong) as 1,833±1,217 ㎍/㎥. The average concentration of TVOCs in K (52 pyong) and S apartment (16 pyong) were 1,820±1,035 ㎍/㎥ and 498±71 ㎍/㎥, respectively. The I/O ratio of TVOCs were 8.99∼35.90 (mean : 25.99), 11.51∼35.43 (mean : 20.07) and 6.03∼7.90 (mean : 6.92) in K, C and S apartment, respectively. From these results, it is believed that the concentration of TVOCs was comparatively high in new apartment. Therefore, it is important to use low VOC emission materials to reduce the emission concentration of VOCs from in new apartment. It is hence necessary that a scientific study is performed to secure clean indoor air quality.

This study was performed to estimate the emission rate of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and to evaluate the risk level affected by indoor air pollutants (IAPs) in 27 new apartments (prior to residence) in Seoul City from December 2004 to March 2005. The indoor air pollutants investigated in this study include formaldehyde, several aromatic VOCs (benzene, toluene, styrene, xylene, and ethylbenzene). All measurements were made based on the standard method of Ministry of Environment in Korea. The indoor concentration levels for benzene, xylene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, and formaldehyde have significant increase trend 5 hours after closing windows and doors. Levels of air pollutants did not exhibit significant difference between living rooms and bedrooms. The air exchange rates by the concentration decay method using SF6 were 0.37 for low floor, 0.32 for middle floor, and 0.75 for high floor. The emission rate showed the highest level in the middle floor and second one in the low floor, when estimated by the IAQ model for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, styrene, and formaldehyde. Considering the above result, it is suggested that the estimation of emission rate be considered when the new apartment is designed and constructed with respect to construction materials to emit low VOCs. Moreover, the related regulation should be established for IAQ management.

유기증기에 대한 PDMS의 단점을 보완하기 위해 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI)와 1,4-butanediol(BD)를 이용하여 poly(dimethylsiloxane)를 기초로 한 polyurethane-polysiloxanes (PU/PDMS)를 합성하였다. 그리고 poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE)를 다공성 지지체로 이용하여 복합막을 제조하여 SEM 분석으로 코팅층의 존재와 두께를 확인하였다. 증기투과실험에서 투과온도와 feed의 농도가 증가할수록 flux는 점차 증가하였고, separation factor는 이와 반대로 점차 감소하는 'trade-off'현상을 보였다. 본 연구에서의 PU/PDMS는 soft segment의 함량보다는 비교적 hard segment의 함량이 높기 때문에 투과온도의 증가에 따른 영향이 크지 않았던 것으로 사료된다. PU/PDMS막은 VOCs와 상대적으로 높은 친화도를 가지고 있기 때문에 PU/PDMS 균질막과 비교하여 복합막의 형태에서도 향상된 flux와 높은 separation factor를 나타내었다.

Porous asymmetric membranes were prepared from polyetherimide polymer by the phase-inversion technique under different conditions. The performance of the membranes was tested for the removal of acetone vapour from nitrogen. A membrane which showed a high acetone permeability and a high selectivity was chosen and tested further for the separation of different organic vapours from nitrogen. The molecular structure of organic vapours and the selectivity were correlated. A strong correlation was also found between the chromatographic retention time of the organic vapour and the selectivity. These experimental results led to the conclusion that the sorption is the factor governing the separation of volatile organic compounds from nitrogen. A membrane was also prepared by coating the surface of a porous polyetherimide membrane with silicone rubber. The performance of membranes with and without silicone rubber coating was compared.

전통안동식혜를 제조하여 5℃에서 보관하면서 GC와 GC-MS를 이용하여 향기성분의 원인 물질을 분석, 동정하였고 맛성분의 원인물질인 유기산의 변화를 검토하였다. 안동식혜의 주요 향기성분으로는 camphene, sabinene, 1-(1.5-dimethyl-4-hexyl)-4-methyl-benzene, α-zingibirene, farnesene, 2.6-b is-(1.1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-phenol, β-sesquiphellandrene, calalene, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid 및 9.12-octadecanoic acid 등을 들 수 있었다. 안동식혜의 숙성 및 저장중에 있어서 생성된 향기성분은 2.4-undecadienal, 1H-indole, 2.4-decadienal, isoterpinolene 및 D-nerdiol 5종류이었다. 비휘발성 유기산 함량의 변화를 보면 저장 초기에는 젖산 0.49 mg/100 g이던 것이 19.37 mg/100 g으로 증가하였고 다른 유기산들의 함량 변화는 거의 없었다. 안동식혜의 숙성 및 저장 기간중의 pH의 변화는 차차 감소하였고 산도는 차차 증가하여 저장 6일째 0.41이었다.

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) emission from painting and printing facilities in the Pyeongdong industrial complex in Gwangju. In addition, the objective was to understand the distribution characteristics of VOCs in the ambient air in industrial complexes affected by painting and printing facilities. The painting facility mainly emitted toluene, acetone, butyl acetate, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, ethyl acetate, 1-butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, m,p-xylene, o-xylene, 4-ethyltoluene, ethylbenzene, 3-ethyltoluene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. The main emission components in printing facilities were methyl ketone, ethyl acetate, acetone, 2-propanol, toluene, heptane, and butyl acetate. Ethyl acetate, toluene, 2-butanone, acetone, butyl acetate, 2-propanol, xylenes, and 4-methyl-2-pentanone were detected in the ambient air of the Pyeongdong industrial complex, consistent with the VOCs emitted by painting and printing facilities. The average concentration of seasonal TVOCs followed an order of winter > fall > spring > summer, whereas the concentrations of daytime and nighttime TVOCs were generally higher at night than those during the day, and the wind speed was greater during the day than it was at night. Based on a factor analysis of VOCs in the ambient air of Pyeongdong industrial complex, it is considered that organic solvents used in coating, printing, and electronics manufacturing facilities, as well as diesel vehicle emissions played a major role.

The aim of this study was to investigate the amount (i.e., retention volume) and chemical composition of Natural volatile organic compounds (NVOCs) across different sites in a temperate forest. The three forest sites that were considered include riparian zones (site 1), streams (site 2), and densely-canopied areas (site 3). From May to October 2021, a mini pump was used to measure the collected NVOCs. These measurements were conducted once a month, from 10:30 am to 11:30 am; these times encompass peak visitation times. In the tree layers of the site 1 and 2, Quercus acuta was dominant, whereas Camellia japonica dominated their subtree layers. On the other hand, the tree layer of site 3 was dominated by Castanopsis sieboldii, whereas Camellia japonica dominated its subtree layer. The retention volume and chemical composition of NVOCs was as follows: benzaldehyde (107.528ppm), α-pinene (37.868ppm), linalool (16.258ppm), eucalyptol (14.818ppm), and sabinene hydrate (14.679ppm). In particular, the retention volume of benzaldehyde decreased as temperature increased. In contrast, the retention volume of α-pinene increased as the temperature increased. The differences in forest topography across the studies sites were in the following order: riparian area> forest area> stream area.

This study investigates the concentration distribution of aldehydes and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the archive of the National Library in Korea and evaluates the health risks to workers from hazardous chemicals. Acetaldehyde had the highest concentration among the nine species of aldehydes present in the archive and the concentration of toluene was the highest among the six species of VOCs. Most of the detected substances showed that their indoor concentrations were higher than the outdoor ones, suggesting the possibility of indoor sources of aldehydes and VOCs. The evaluation of health risks for workers based on these measurement results showed that not all substances were hazardous to the human body. However, considering the possibility of the presence of indoor sources and the potential limits of our study owing its short period, it is necessary to conduct long-term studies on the concentration distribution of indoor pollutants in the archive environment.