본 연구는 아파트 필로티 공간 활용과 친보행환경 조성을 위한 내용으로 설계안을 구성하였다. 계획대상지 면적은 약 11,700㎡이다. 이웃과의 소통이 줄어드는 최근 주거문화의 문제점을 해결하고 아파트라는 단순한 주거시설을 넘어 예술적 문화공간을추구하는 이념 아래 예술과 자연, 그리고 이웃이라는 삼각형 구조를 유기적으로 연결하여 소통이 있는 주거 공간 형태를계획에 반영하였다. 설계의 주안점으로 첫째, 기존의 단절된 아파트로서의 이미지를 개선하고 소통의 장을 열어주어 친보행공간을제공하도록 계획하였다. 둘째, 보행로를 램프로 설계하여 노약자가 존중받을 수 있는 주거 문화를 창출하도록 계획하였다.셋째, 자원 순환 프로그램과 다양한 참여 프로그램을 통해 문화 예술 활동이 가능한 유연한 공간을 창출하였다. 본 연구는 기존의 아파트 조경설계 개념을 벗어나 예술과 이웃, 그리고 더 나아가 자연과의 소통을 이끌어냄으로서 새롭고진보적인 아파트 공간 조성 계획에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

The choice behavior of the octopus in response to the environment-friendly colored sinker for octopus driftline and the sinker's fishing effect were studied under experimental conditions in the water tank and the field. The colors of the sinkers used for the experiment are white, black, yellow and green. Artificial baits are attached to the sinkers in order to attract the octopuses in the experiment. In the water tank experiment, two sinkers of two different colors are placed in a compartmentalized corner of the rectangular tank, and a CCD camera records the choice behaviors of the octopuses to the colored sinkers. In the field experiment, the catch investigation of octopus for each colored sinker was conducted 14 times in total by using 2(A, B) commercial fishing boats at the coast of Gangneung within 30m of depth in 2006. The number of colored sinkers per operation was a total of 24-40 pieces with the same number of sinkers individually for four colors. As a result, it was found that the octopus selected white the most followed by black and yellow in their choice of colored sinkers in the water tank experiment, and green was the lowest in their choice. Even in the field experiment, the sinkers of white and black showed a higher catch of octopus than the sinkers of yellow and green.

For the environment-friendly control of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, in spring onion fields, we have examined an alternative application method. Twenty-five insecticides registered for spring onion were tested for control effect against the beet armyworm in the laboratory, then the best 9 chemical and a single biological insecticides were selected and compared with 2 new isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis in a polyvinyl house. After that, 4 chemical and 3 B. thuringiensis treatments were used in the field for the control of beet armyworm in the spring onion. Two application methods are used: one is triple treatments with the same chemical and the other is alternative application with different chemicals and B. thuringiensis for 7 days intervals. Indoxacarb WP – chlorfluazuron EC – B.t. var. kurstaki CAB141 and indoxacarb WP – methoxyfenozide + spinosad SC – Chlorfluazuron EC – B.t. var. aizawai CAB109, B.t. var. kurstaki CAB141 showed greater than 78% mortality of beet armyworm larvae and greater than 43% damage decrease in spring onions infested by beet armyworm. These results showed that alternative applications had higher control effect than any other applications. It was suggested that alternative applications with microbial biological agents such as B. thuringiensis might minimize the development of insecticide resistance and might be used as the environment-friendly control of the beet armyworm.

본 연구에서는 소비자 지향적 마케팅시대에 직면하여 국내외 농산물 소비수요의 변화에 대응하고 친환경농산물의 유통개선을 도모하기 위하여 소비자들의 친환경농산물인증제도 및 정책에 대한 인식을 조사분석 하였다. 조사연구 결과에 의하면 첫째, 친환경농산물의 소비저변을 확대시키기 위한 가장 시급한 문제는 생산자인 농민들이 아니라 소비자들에 대한 신뢰성을 확보하는 것이 무엇보다도 중요함을 알 수 있다. 이를 위해서는 다양하고 안전한 판로개척과 품질경쟁력 제고, 소포장 규격화 판매, 품질인증제도를 통한 브랜드화 추진, 리콜제 실시 등을 통해 소비자들로부터 신뢰를 얻어야 한다. 둘째, 정부의 친환경농산물정책에 대한 지속적이 홍보와 교육이 이루어지고 또한 감독강화가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다. 특히 친환경농산물 유통구조에서 농민들과 직접 거래를 하는 직거래나 인터넷 거래를 활성화시킴으로서 소비자들에 의한 신뢰도를 높일 수 있는 계기가 마련될 것이다. 셋째, 친환경농산물에 대한 품질관리가 지속적으로 이루어져야 한다. 이는 중앙정부의 감독관리도 중요하지만 지역별 품질인증기관을 육성하고 품질인증기관이 생산과정에 대한 투명성을 철저히 보장할 수 있도록 제도화하여 친환경농산물에 대해 소비자들로부터 신뢰를 얻어야 할 것으로 보인다. 마지막으로 친환경농산물 생산농가가 판매에 대한 어려움을 지자체 등이 적극적으로 지원할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study was conducted to investigate the perception and understanding parents had regarding environment friendly agricultural products being used for school foodservice. A trained practitioner surveyed 221 parents of children at elementary schools in Daejeon using a questionnaire, after which the resulting data were analyzed by a Chi-square test. Overall, the parent's responses regarding the foodservice were positive. However, most of the parents do not participate (65%) in the school foodservice if they work, and those that do participate primarily work as meal service aides (58.1%). Parents indicated that the work of urgent field of inspection on food materials (69.9%), and the reason of an agreement (98.2%) for them were the students' health (68.4%). In addition, most parents were positive about the possibility of replacing foods used in the school with environment friendly products (51.6%) and felt that the government should pay the additional expense associated with their replacement. Furthermore, the majority of the parent's surveyed felt that children should be supplied with vegetables (54.9%) purchased directly from farms. The parents' satisfaction with the meal service (25.1%) was lower than that of the students (54.1%). The reason for the satisfaction reported by the parents was concern regarding the health of their children (53.3%). In addition, the majority of the parents (47.3%) responded that environment friendly agricultural products differ from general agricultural products because insecticides and fertilizer were not used. The main objection parents had to using environment friendly products was their cost (59.1%), and most parents felt that a realistic solution to this problem was unified purchase (41.4%). Besides, a problem when replacing with them was the expensive price (38.1%) and true or false (37.7%), and the students' satisfaction (59.5%) was selected the most in an effect of using them, diversity of the product (39.1%) and price reduction (32.6%) for a solution of the increase of using them.

본 논문은 국내 돔경기장에 적용 가능한 친환경 기술체계 및 설계기법을 제안하기 위한 기초자료를 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 따라서 국내외 돔경기장에 도입된 친환경 요소의 사례를 조사하였다. 이를 바탕으로 국내외 친환경건축물 인증제도의 인증세부항목 중 이미 건축된 돔경기장에 도입된 친환경 요소를 도출하고 이를 에너지, 실내환경, 재료 및 자원의 3부문으로 분류하였다. 또한 돔경기장이 위치한 기후특성별, 돔경기장의 규모별 친환경 기법 도입 특징을 분석하였다.

Many kinds of environment friendly agricultural materials (EFAMs) were used for the plant protection, furthermore they support the growth of crops in the greenhouses and the kindly environment friendly farming. Natural enemies might be used for control of insect pest with EFAMs at the same space and time. For testing the toxicity of EFAMs against to natural enemies, 10 EFAMs were selected and tested in small greenhouses and farm"s fields. In case of Harmonia axyridis larva, there was no predacious activity against cotton aphids in the block with EFAMMo L, EFAMPE D, EFAMME G and EFAMAE A, otherwise, aphid population was rapidly decreased in the control block without EFAMs. Both of Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Encarsia formosa population were slightly decreased in the block with EFAMs. There were significantly decreased in the block with IEFAM C, FEFAM D, EFAMSM Band EFAMPE D compared with control area. Especially, there was significantly maintained a very low population, both T. vaporariorum and E. formosa in the block with EFAMMo C. The parasitized ratio of Aphidius colemani is also very low in the block with EFAMs compared with control area. In the block with IEFAM C, FEFAM D, EFAMPE D and EFAMMo L, there were significantly different with control area in the number of mummies. Otherwise, in case of Diglyphus isaea and Liriomyza trifolii, there was no significantly different between blocks with and without EFAMs. In the block with EFAMMo C, Tetranychus urticae and Phytoseiulus persimilis populations were significantly maintained a very low level. However, the population of T. urticae was increased, but P. persimilis was decreased in the block with EFAMMo L.

In a view point of environment, the advanced electric contact material without environmental load element such as cadmium has to be developed. Extensive studies have been carried out on electric contact material as a substitute of Ag-CdO contact materials. In the present study, powder metallurgy including compaction and sintering is introduced to solve the incomplete oxidation problems in manufacturing process of electrical contact material. The contact material, fabricated in this study, was actually set in an electric switchgear of which working voltage is 462V and current is between 25 and 40A, for the purpose of testing its performance. As a result, it exceeded the existing Ag-CdO contact materials in terminal-temperature ascent and main contact resistance

전남 서남부지역의 참다래 과수원에서 발생하는 과숙썩음병원균(fruit rot, Botryosphaeria dothidea)에 대한 항균작용이 우수한 세균성 균주를 선발하기 위하여 참다래 과수원 토양으로부터 단일균주를 분리하였으며, 과숙썩음병원균(Botryosphaeria dothidea)에 대한 생물적 제어 능력을 검정하고 균주 동정을 실시하였다. 참다래 과수원에서 분리한 총 250여종의 단일균주 중에서 참다래에서 발생하는 과숙척음병원균에 대하여 길항작용이 우수한 균주를 1차적으로 6종 선발하였고, 이 중에서 참다래 과숙썩음병원균에 대하여 길항 작용이 96.0% 정도로 우수한 Strain #120을 최종적으로 선발하였다. 길항균 #120의 포자배열은 rectiflexibles 하였고, 포자표면은 smooth형이었으며, 분리균 세포벽내 LL-type이 DAP를 갖는 wall chemotype I 이었다. 길항균 #120의 균주 형태학적 특성, 생리 생화학적 그리고 화학 분류학적 특성 등을 종합하여 볼 때 길항균 #120은 Streptomyces sp. #120으로 동정되었다.

Bioassay of mosquito, Culex pipiens molestus, larva was investigated by several environment-friendly insecticides. These insecticides were Novaluron as chitin synthesis inhibitor, Metho-xyfenozide as ecdysone agonist, Pyriproxyfen as juvenile hormone mimic, and Spiromesifen as lipid biosynthesis inhibitor. The 50% lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of these insecticides were 0.00039, 0.07193, 0.65006 and 0.04839 ppm, respectively. Novaluron has lower concentration than any other insecticide. To determine the treatment time against larval stages, insecticides were applied to different larval stages of C. pipiens molestus. Mortality ratios of mosquito larva treated with Novaluron were 100.0, 84.5, 71.0 and 48.5% on 2, 4, 7 and 10 days after hatching from eggs, respectively. Otherwise, with the other insecticides, mortality ratios were under 80% with 2 days old larva. When exposure periods were tested to 3 or 4 days old larva against 4 insecticides, at least 3 hours were needed to 100% control effect against Novaluron, and over 12 hours with other insecticides.

The multicolored Asian ladybird beetle (Harmonia axyridis) has been commonly used with biological control agents for control of several kinds of aphids in agroecosystems. Also, environment friendly agricultural materials have been commonly applied in crop fields because the government held down pesticide application and environment friendly agricultures are gradually increased with consumer"s desires. The multicolored Asian ladybird beetles may be directly or indirectly under the influence of environment friendly agricultural materials in crop fields. The insecticidal environment friendly agricultural materials (IEFAMs) might be safe against each developmental stage of multicolored Asian ladybird beetle. Fungicidal environment friendly agricultural materials (FEFAMs) had a miner effect to each developmental stage of multicolored Asian ladybird beetle with the exception of FEFAM A. Environment friendly agricultural materials contained useful soil microorganisms (EFAMSMs) C and H might be down the hatching rate of eggs, and EFAMSM A and F had a killing effect to 1st instar of lady beetles. Environment friendly agricultural materials contained plant extracts (EFAMPEs) A and D might be suffered effect a deathblow of egg hatching with lady beetles. Otherwise, there was a miner effect to lady beetles with the rest of tested environment friendly agricultural materials.

Many kinds of environment friendly agricultural materials were used for the insect pest control and the control of plant diseases, furthermore they support the growth of crops in the greenhouses and the kindly environment friendly farming. Phytoseiulus persimilis might be used for control of two-spotted mites with environment friendly agricultural materials at the same time. For testing the toxicity of environment friendly agricultural materials against to P. persimilis, 61 environment friendly agricultural materials were selected by material contents and using methods. When environment friendly agricultural materials were directly sprayed on P. persimilis, IEFAM C, FEFAM A, EFAMSM A, D, EFAMPE A, EFAMCh B, EFAMME A, and EFAMMo C killed over 90%. However, there was no effects to FEFAM C, D, EFAMSM C, EFAML A, EFAMME C, E, H, J, EFAMMo G and I against P. persimilis. P. persimilis adults were not survived in vial for 48 hours after sprayed and dried with the environment friendly agricultural materials, for examples, EFAMSM I, EFAMME A, EFAMMo A, C, and I. Otherwise, EFAMCh C and EFAMMo B were no effects to P. persimilis. Some environment friendly agricultural materials are of different qualities, and consequently test of their toxity have to necessary.

For the biological control of the greenhouse whitefly, aphids, American leaf-miners, Encarsia formosa, Aphidius colemani, Diglyphus isaea, and Dacnusa sibirica were used as biological control factors. Otherwise, many kinds of environment friendly agricultural materials were also used in the kindly environment friendly fanning. For testing the toxicity of environment friendly agricultural materials against to insect parasitoids as biological control factors, 61 environment friendly agricultural materials were selected by using methods and periods with insect parasitoids in the greenhouses. Environment friendly agricultural materials were sprayed to mummies and adults of E. formosa and A. colemani, and adults of Diglyphus isaea and Dacnusa sibirica in laboratory condition. Emergence rates were checked during 12 days after spray to mummies of E. formosa and A. colemani, and survival rates were at 24 and 48 hours after viral test for adult parasitoids, with 10% sugar solution. Emergence rates of E. formosa mummies were inhibited by sprayed the fungicidal environment friendly agricultural material (FEFAM) E and the environment friendly agricultural materials contained molybdenum (EFAMMo) G as 0.4 and 2.7%, respectively. E. formosa adults were not survived in vial for 48hours after sprayed and dried with the environment friendly agricultural materials contained plant extract (EFAMPE) J and the EFAMMo C. The environment friendly agricultural materials contained microelements (EFAMMEs) B and EFAMPE H, environment friendly agricultural materials contained useful soil microorganisms (EFAMSMs) H, FEFAM A and FEFAM D were recorded low survival rates of E. formosa adults with 6.7, 13.3, 13.3, 20.0 and 20.0, respectively. In case of the spraying environment friendly agricultural materials to mummies of A. colemani there were low emergence rate from mummies to adults as around 20s % with water spraying as control. A. colemani adults were not survived in vial with EFAMMo C. EFAMPE J, EFAMPE F, EFAMPE H, EFAMSM H were recorded low survival rates under 20% as 6.7, 13.3, 13.3 and 13.3, respectively. D. isaea and D. sibirica adults were not survived in vial with EFAMPE J. EFAMMo C was 53.3% of survival rates in 48 hours vial tests. D. isaea and D. sibirica were not affected by environment friendly agricultural materials compared with E. formosa and A. colemani.