In this study, cation and anion exchange process for performance evaluation was conducted. A pilot plant for the ultrpure water production was installed with the capacity of 25 m3/d. The various production rate and regeneration of ion exchange rate were tested to investigate the design parameters. The test resulst was applied to calculate the operating costs. Changing the flow rate of the ion exchange capacity of the reproduction reviewed the cation exchange process as opposed to the design value is 120 to 164% efficiency , whereas both anion exchange process is 82 to 124% efficiency, respectively. This results can be applied for more large scale plant if the scale up parameters are consdiered. The ion exchange capacity of the application in accordance with the design value characteristic upon application equipment is expected to be needed. In this study, the performance of cation and anion exchange resin process was evaluated with pilot plant(25m3/d). The ion exchange capacity along with space velocity and regeneration volume was evaluated. In results, the operation results was compared with design parameters.

This study is to solve the public education’s dilemma between the standardized education to maximize learning efficiency and the personalized education to maximize learning effectiveness, using the paradox management process. The process is based on combining the TOC (Theory Of Constraints) and TRIZ (Russian Theory of Inventive Problem Solving), which is a creative way of thinking to draw the synergic effect by pursuing simultaneously the conflicting elements. Through this research, a new concept of learning method can be suggested on a public course. Further research should be performed to develop a learning guideline based on the students’ empirical study results.

According to a simple survey on the current status of the assembly line design, it was found that trial and error methods on the basis of experiences have been used mainly in domestic manufacturing industries, even though there exist a lot of excellent line balancing studies. It seems that more practical researches should be carried out to develop user-oriented line balancing tools especially for small and medium-sized enterprises. This study presents a design of the line balancing tool which can support the line balancing tasks of nonspecialists. The proposed design tool is composed of three major modules: pre-process, line balancing, and post-process. In particular, pre-process and post-process are newly proposed to increase its ease of use. We applied the proposed design to a test problem and test result showed that our practical method may contribute to enhance the efficiency of production operations management.

Performance based design(PBD) is the method to make a fire safety design against them after predicting the factors of fire risk in a building. Therefore, predicting fire risk in a building is very important process in PBD. For predicting fire risk of a building, an engineer of PBD must consider various factors such as ignition location, ignition point, ignition source, first ignited item, second ignited item, flash over, the state of door and fire suppression system. But, it is difficult to trust fire safety capacity of the design because the process in Korea' PBD is unprofessional and unreasonable. This paper had surveyed some cases of PBD that had been made in Korea to find the problems of the process to predict fire risk. And it have proposed the improvements of process to predict fire risk of a building.

In weapon systems development, live fire tests have been frequently adopted to evaluate the performance of the systems under development. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure safety in the test ranges where the live fire tests can cause serious hazards. During the tests, a special care must be taken to protect the test and evaluation (T&E) personnel and also test assets from potential danger and hazards. Thus, the development and management of the range safety process is quite important in the tests of guided missiles and artillery considering the explosive power of the destruction. Note also that with a newly evolving era of weapon systems such as laser, EMP and non-lethal weapons, the test procedure for such systems is very complex. Therefore, keeping the safety level in the test ranges is getting more difficult due to the increased unpredictability for unknown hazards. The objective of this paper is to study on how to enhance the safety in the test ranges. To do so, an approach is proposed based on model-based systems engineering (MBSE). Specifically, a functional architecture is derived utilizing the MBSE method for the design of the range safety process under the condition that the derived architecture must satisfy both the complex test situation and the safety requirements. The architecture developed in the paper has also been investigated by simulation using a computer-aided systems engineering tool. The systematic application of this study in weapon live tests is expected to reduce unexpected hazards and test design time. Our approach is intended to be a trial to get closer to the recent theme in T&E community, "Testing at the speed of stakeholder's need and rapid requirement for rapid acquisition."

This paper carried out design in order to reduce the process of asymmetric pinch yoke, one of the important parts which transfer power to wheels through gearing box in automobile steering system. The purpose of the study is to reduce prime costs and strengthen competitiveness by designing the total 8 processes including the up-setting and forging process of the No. 1 as the forging process the current method of production. The process with die stress analysis by using the finite element method have been carried out through new optimal die design. As this study result, it is expected that die life can be secured as excellent material flow and caused by forming load. A prototype has been produced by basis of the analysis result and the reduction of the process was successful. As the unit price is lower than that of the current process, the competitiveness can be expected.

Apparel design is an economic activity to create values for users over the value chain of a product. In this paper, the contribution of apparel design is defined as the enhancement of users' perceived values by improving users' experience of products. In this context, the value of a product corresponds to compensation for experience or a promise for experience of a product. Experience can be sensory or psychological benefits to users. To evaluate the value of apparel design, the researcher identified and analyzed the apparel design parameters affecting users' experience and benefits of products such as macro-, micro-environmental factors, value chain factors, apparel designer factors, and user factors. For an analytical modeling of the values of apparel design, this paper introduces the concept of a utility function from economics. In economics, utility is a measure of desirability or satisfaction that can be correlative to need or desire. The measure of value can be found in the price which a user is willing to pay for the fulfillment or satisfaction of need or desire via the experience of a product.

산업의 빠른 발전 속도에 따라 연구 개발도 함께 발전해야 한다. 따라서 현재 제조공정에 대한 품질 특성치의 분석방법으로 공정 모수의 작은 변화도 쉽게 탐지를 할 수 있는 EWMA 관리도와 Shewhart 관리도보다 공정 변화에 민감하게 탐지 가능한 CUSUM 관리도에 관한 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 식스시그마 공정관리에 맞춘 평균, 불량률, 미세 분산을 동시에 감지할 수 있는 동시 관리 체계 연구는 많이 미흡하다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 CUSUM, EWMA 관리도 기법보다 빠른 이상 감지를 위해서 평균, 불량률, 분산 3가지가 동시에 관리되어질 수 있도록 Zp-s 관리도를 소개한다. Zp-s 관리도는 ARL을 통해 기존 관리도보다 민감함을 확인할 수 있다.

지난 몇 십년동안 전 세계적으로 제조기술 분야의 급속한 성장으로 대부분의 제조업에서 눈부실만한 품질향상과 생산성 극대화를 이루어 왔다. 하지만 현재 제조기술 분야는 새로운 문제에 직면하고 있다. 실제 현장에서 관리하고자하는 품질특성은 정규분포를 따르지 않는 경우가 많은데, 대부분의 통계적 공정관리기술체계가 정규분포를 기반으로 하고 있다는 것이다. 이러한 이유로 비정규 공정에서 극소불량관리, 미세변동관리에 대한 연구가 시급한 실정이다. 하지만 비정규 분포를 통계적으로만 해석하고 설계하기 위해서는 현실적으로 한계가 있으며, 경제적 설계의 접근방법이 또 하나의 좋은 대안이 될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 비정규 공정에서 관리도의 경제적 설계를 위한 연구동향을 살펴보고 추후 연구방향에 대해 제시하고자 한다.

생활양식이나 형태 변화에 따른 전통적인 주거건축들의 전통성, 공공성과 사유권의 균형, 계승 발전, 보존에 부가되는 공동체의 활성화와 효용성 등 환경 개선이라는 과제에 직면하고 있으며, 이들 역사 경관 권역의 경관훼손 가능성이 점증하고 있는 상황에서, 지역적 경관의 고유한 특성과 다양성을 가질 수 있도록 전통적 주거건축의 입면디자인 속성에 대한 이해가 선행되어야 한다. 본 연구는 "전통적 주거건축의 입면디자인 평가"에 영향을 미친 속성을 파악하기 위해, 입면디자인 평가척도 (지붕, 창호, 기둥, 벽면, 마루, 주초석, 기단)를 기준으로 쌍대비교를 실시하여 도출된 Synthetic Evaluation Value를 Fuzzy 방법을 통해 Fuzzy Integral (Choquet Integral) value를 추정하여, 가치속성을 규명하였다. 속성 간 가중치 산정결과에 λ-value를 이용하여 Sensitivity Analysis를 실시하여 유효함을 검증하였다. 전통적 주거건축의 입면디자인 평가에 영향을 미친 가치속성을 추정하는데 있어 유의미한 방법론이며, 복합 가치속성을 도출하였다는데 의의를 갖는다.

최근 건강에 대한 관심의 증가와 고령화 사회의 진입으로 인해 센서 기반 스마트 의류는 다양한 어플리케이션과 타입으로 개발되고 있다. 센서기반 스마트 의류는 인체로부터 생체 신호를 측정, 모니터링을 주 목적으로하는 기능성 의류의 한 분야로 신호의 정확성, 기기의 착용성, 센서의 인체 적합성 등의 인체-기기-의류간의 상호작용을 고려하여 디자인되어야 한다는 점에서 기존의 스마트 의류와 다른 특성을 지닌다. 센서기반 스마트 의류의 이러한 특성은 의복의 제작 단계에 있어 요구공학의 단계를 기반으로 개발 목적에 대한 요구의 명확한 문서화 뿐 아니라, 각 단계 진행을 위해 기기분야와 의류분야간의 상호운용성 평가가 이루어져야 하는 필요성을 갖을 것으로 예상된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 요구공학이 적용된 센서 기반 스마트 의류 프로세스의 효용성 평가를 위해 실증적 수행 분석을 통해 스마트 의류의 기본 프로세스를 도출하고, 요구공학 분석기법의 단계를 도입하여 두가지 스마트 의류 프로세스를 도출하였다. 제시된 두 프로세스의 실증적 단계별 진행을 통해 프로세스의 효율성 및 디자인의 질적 평가를 수행하였으며, 요구공학이 적용된 센서 기반 스마트 의류의 프로세스의 효용성을 제시하였다.

The recent trend in modern systems development can be characterized by the increasing complexity in terms of both the functionality and HW/SW scale that seems to be accelerated by the growing user requirements and the rapid advancement of technology. Among the issues of complexity, the one related to systems safety has attracted great deal of attention lately in the development of the products ranging from mass-transportation systems to defence weapon systems. As such, the incorporation of safety requirements in systems development is becoming more important. Note, however, that since such safety-critical systems are usually complex to develop, a lot of organizations and thus, engineers should participate in the development. In general, there seems to be a variety of differences in both the breadth and depth of the technical background they own. To address the problems, at first this paper presents an effective design process for safety-critical systems, which is intended to meet both the systems design and safety requirements. The result is then advanced to obtain the models utilizing the systems modeling language (SysML) that is a de facto industry standard. The use of SysML can facilitate the construction of the integrated process and also foster active communication among many participants of diverse technical backgrounds. As a case study, the model-based development of high-speed trains is discussed.

The SMC(Sheet molding compound) process is widely used in the automotive industry to produce parts that are large, thin, lightweight, strong and stiff. Compression molded parts are formed by squeezing a glass fiber reinforced UP(Unsaturated Polyester) sheet, known as sheet mold compound(SMC), between two heated cavity surfaces. This paper has performed flow analysis to predict optimization process of low density SMC. After five types of design variables and six types of response variables were defined, DOE(Design of Experiment) and RSM (Response Surface Method) were applied in order to measure sensitivity of design variables and realize optimization through regression model. After design optimization, the total warpage of the SMC is reduced by about 12% compared to the initial design of SMC and cure time, cure temperature, clamping force and flow pressure are decreased by 0.6∼27% in comparison with the initial design. By doing this, the production costs could be diminished.

This study identifies the current status of hanok design process and required design information through individual survey and interview with hanok architects and builders to suggest a proposal. Current design system turns out to be a common design process not reflecting hanok's unique mechanism of production. The proposal consists of the alternative design process, 'Initial survey / Site and structural planning / Spatial layout and form / Openings, interior and exterior elements design / Detail design', containing the specialty of hanok's mechanism, and the lists of design information required in its each stage. The proposed design process also emphasizes the significance of consultation in a way of designing coordination, and classifies the specific contents for each consultation moments. The study is expected to contribute for architects including the group who are not specialized in hanok to improve the architectural quality by following the systematic design process. Also the design system provides a framework to organize the vast range of design information being recently developed in the technique-oriented area.

이 논문은 미세공정변동에서 극소불량을 감지하는 관리도의 경제적 설계를 개발하기 위한 조사연구이다. 일반적인 관리도의 설계는 통계적 설계와 경제적 설계로 구분할 수 있다. 공정의 변동 원인에 따라 샘플의 간격(h), 샘플의 크기(n), 관리한계선(k) 등의 설계 모수를 최적접근방법으로 결정을 하는 경제적 설계의 모델을 조사하였다. 관리도의 경제적 설계는 공정의 관리이상상태를 효율적으로 감지하여 관리상태로 정상화 시키는 것에 대한 공정의 개선비용과 기대품질비용을 절약 할 수 있는 최적설계 방안이다. 그리고 Shewhart 관리도의 X-bar 통계량으로 극소불량을 검출 하는것에 한계가 있기 때문에 Zp 통계량과 분포를 설계하여 극소불량을 빠르게 감지할 수 있는 Zp 관리도의 설계를 적용하고, 미세공정변동을 정확하게 감지할 수 있는 CUSUM 관리도를 동시에 적용하였다. 따라서, 미세공정변동과 극소불량을 동시에 관리 할 수 있는 Zp-CUSUM 관리도의 통계적 설계 구조를 체계화 하였으며, 기존의 경제적 설계의 모델을 비교 분석하여 새로운 경제적 설계에 대한 모델을 제안하고자 한다.

산업기술의 비약적인 발전으로 인해 오늘날 우리가 개발하거나 사용하는 시스템은 보다 기술의 고도화 양상을 보이고 있다. 따라서, 기존의 시스템이 지니고 있어 제공하는 단일 특성에서 벗어나 다양한 학제간 결합된 기술로 기존 시스템이 지니고 있는 관념적인 기능에서 벗어나 다기능을 제공하고 있다. 이로 인해, 기존의 개발단계에서는 보다 높은 설계 신뢰성이 요구되고 있다. 특히, 오늘날 우리사회는 시스템의 개발성공이라는 안도에서 벗어나 시스템 운용·유지단계에서도 안전성 측면에서 매우 중요성을 인식하고 대비하고 있다. 따라서, 국내에서는 미흡한 상위 단계에서의 설계활동과 또한, 같은 시스템 수명주기 상에서의 시스템 안전활동을 동시에 고려한 동시공학적인 접근에 관한 연구를 본 연구팀은 지속적으로 수행해왔다. 따라서, 기존의 연구결과인 설계와 안전을 동시에 고려한 통합 설계 프로세스 모델에 대해, 시스템개발에 관련한 모든 이해당사자가 공통된 이해를 바탕으로 시스템설계와 안전 활동에 대해 상호 호완성과 공통된 인식을 갖고 접근할 수 있는 방안을 본 연구를 통해 수행하였다. 따라서, 본 연구는 모델기반 시스템공학 기법중 보편적인 언어인 공통 언어를 통해 기존 연구를 통해 제시한 통합설계 프로세스 모델을 구현에 관한 연구 수행을 통한 접근 방안에 관하여 논의하고 있다. 본 연구를 기반으로 향후 추가 연구를 수행한다면, 국내 대형복합시스템의 설계단계에서의 안전성을 동시 고려한 시스템 설계 신뢰성 확보를 위해 도움이 될 것으로 기대 된다.

As the human demand or desire on brand new systems otherwise equipped with new functions grows drastically, so does the complexity of the systems. With this trend, the systems are becoming bigger in scale and at the same time the safety requirements are more stringent in the development. Typical systems examples in such a situation may include high-speed railway systems, aero and space systems, marine systems, etc. Failure of those systems can cause serious damages on both the human being and wealth with social infrastructure. As such, it is quite necessary to ensure that the safety requirements be satisfied in the system development. To achieve this need, there could be a lot of solutions to take. In this paper, regarding safety, a special attention is given to the verification phase process, which is one of the intermediate phases of whole systems development process. More specifically, the ultimate concern is placed on how to carry out the design verification while ensuring the safety requirements. To do so, some improvements in the verification phase were proposed first. Then, the outcomes were combined with the systems safety process by generating an integrated process model to reach the goal. As a case study, application to a railway system was discussed, where strict safety requirements are usually necessary. It would be expected that the potential likelihood of failure with rail systems could be reduced if the results obtained are used effectively with some enhancement from further study.

공정제어시스템과 같은 복잡한 시스템을 감시하고 제어하기 위한 정보 디스플레이를 설계하기 위해 두 가지의 세부적인 설계문제를 효과적으로 다루어야 한다. 정보디스플레이에서 표현할 정보의 내용을 파악하고 조직화하는 문제와 그 표현할 정보를 시각적으로 잘 표현하는 문제로 구분이 된다. Ecological Interface Design (EID)는 두 문제를 다루기 위한 이론적 배경지식과 방법을 제공하는 정보디스플레이 설계의 틀이다. EID는 1990년대 초반에

In the manufacturing process the most widely used x chart has been applied to control the process mean. Also, Accelerated Life Test(ALT) is commonly used for efficient assurance of product life in development phases, which can be applied in production reliability acceptance test. When life data has lognormal distribution, through censored ALT design so that censored ALT data has asymptotic normal distribution, ALTx control chart integrating x chart and ALT procedure could be applied to control the mean of process in the manufacturing process. In the situation that process variation is controlled, Zp control chart is an effective method for the very small fraction nonconforming of quality characteristic. A simultaneous control scheme with ALTx control chart and Zp control chart is designed for the very small fraction nonconforming of product lifetime.