The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low-intensity cardiac rehabilitation exercise on the cardiac function and the degree of fibrosis in an older white rat model. This study used male Sprague- Dawley white rats that were 50 weeks old. After the acute myocardial infarction induction, Twenty of the rats were randomly allocated into an experimental group and a control group, and each of the groups consisted of 8 rats. In the experimental group, the exercise was conducted for six weeks, 30 minutes a day, five days a week, using a Rotarod treadmill for animals. The degree of myocardial fibrosis was significantly repressed in the experimental group(13.69±1.90%) and in the control group(15.67±1.54%)(p<0.05). However, fractional shortening and ejection fraction did not show a significant difference. The results of this study suggest that cardiac rehabilitation with low intensity treadmill exercise repress the myocardial fibrosis.

PURPOSES: Concrete pavement has been used in the construction of the Jungbu expressway in 1987. More than 60% of the pavement on the expressway is currently made of concrete, but most has been used far beyond their design life. Pavement life has been extended through routine maintenance or overlay. However, the structural capacity of the pavement has reached its limit, and extensive rehabilitation/reconstruction with long time traffic blocking should be considered. The three following issues on concrete rehabilitation/reconstruction will be discussed: (1) economic comparison of asphalt inlay and asphalt overlay, (2) economic comparison preventive overlay on a section which is currently good and routine overlay on the section which will be poor, and (3) economic analysis of early-strength concrete when it is used in concrete reconstruction. METHODS: First, various life cycle cost analysis tools were compared, and the proper tool for the extensive rehabilitation/reconstruction was selected. Second, a sensitivity analysis of the selected tool was performed to find the influential input variables, which should be carefully selected in the analysis. Third, three case studies, which can be issues in the rehabilitation/reconstruction of the expressway concrete pavement in Korea, were performed. RESULTS: Asphalt overlay without milling the deteriorated concrete showed 18~25% lower life cycle cost than the current asphalt inlay with milling. The good current preventive overlay on the section was economically justified within the scope of this study. The construction cost limit of the early strength concrete was suggested to be economical for 1, 3, and 7 days of construction alternative opening. CONCLUSIONS: CA4PRS was a viable tool for comparing various rehabilitation/reconstruction issue alternatives. Several concrete issues associated with the rehabilitation/reconstruction of the deteriorated concrete pavement were discussed as mentioned above.

Background: Parametric statistical procedures are typically conducted under the condition in which a sample distribution is statistically identical with its population. In reality, investigators use inferential statistics to estimate parameters based on the sample drawn because population distributions are unknown. The uncertainty of limited data from the sample such as lack of sample size may be a challenge in most rehabilitation studies. Objects: The purpose of this study is to review the bootstrapping method to overcome shortcomings of limited sample size in rehabilitation studies. Methods: Articles were reviewed. Results: Bootstrapping method is a statistical procedure that permits the iterative re-sampling with replacement from a sample when the population distribution is unknown. This statistical procedure is to enhance the representativeness of the population being studied and to determine estimates of the parameters when sample size are too limited to generalize the study outcome to target population. The bootstrapping method would overcome limitations such as type II error resulting from small sample sizes. An application on a typical data of a study represented how to deal with challenges of estimating a parameter from small sample size and enhance the uncertainty with optimal confidence intervals and levels. Conclusion: Bootstrapping method may be an effective statistical procedure reducing the standard error of population parameters under the condition requiring both acceptable confidence intervals and confidence level (i.e., p=.05).

Background: Strengthening the supraspinatus is an important aspect of a rehabilitation program for subacromial impingement and tendinopathy. Many authors recommended empty-can (EC), full-can (FC), and prone full-can (PFC) exercises to strengthen the supraspinatus. However, no ultrasonography study has yet investigated supraspinatus muscle architecture (muscle thickness; MT, pennation angle; PA, fiber bundle length; FBL) in relation to supraspinatus strengthening exercises. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the architecture (MT, PA, and FBL) of the supraspinatus muscle during three different types of exercises (EC, FC, and PFC) using diagnostic ultrasound. Methods: Participants performed three different exercises: (A) EC; the arm was maintained at 60° abduction with full internal rotation in the sitting position, (B) FC; the arm was maintained at 60° abduction with full external rotation in the sitting position, and (C) PFC; the arm was maintained at 60° abduction with full external rotation in the prone position. Ultrasonography was used to measure the MT, PA and FBL of the supraspinatus. One-way repeated analysis of variance with Bonferroni’s post-hoc test was used to compare between the three exercises and the initial position of each exercise. Results: Compared with each initial position, the FC exercise showed the greatest mean difference in muscle architecture properties and the PFC exercise showed the least mean difference. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the FC exercise position may have an advantage in increasing the amount of contractile tissue or producing muscle power and the PFC exercise position may be useful in a rehabilitation program because it offers the advantage of maintaining the muscle architecture properties.

Background: The Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) approach is recognized in the field of health promotion as a way to optimize intervention for promoting health by taking into account specific social, economical, and institutional situations of the community. However, the CBPR approach has not been applied in the field of community-based rehabilitation. Objects: This study was conducted to explore the self-perceived satisfaction of therapists and disabilities on the Short-term Intensive Home-based Rehabilitation (SIHR) program developed using the CBPR approach as well as determine the points that need improvement. Methods: This research was conducted through in-depth interviews. The SIHR program was developed, applied, and evaluated by both the researchers and four therapists on the basis of the CBPR approach. The SIHR program was administered to four disability for 1 hour a day, 2 or 3 times a week, for 8 weeks, and their self-rehabilitation was monitored once a week for 4 weeks. After all intervention periods, in-depth interviews were conducted by using a semi-structured questionnaire for the therapists and disability. Results: The therapists were satisfied with the contents of the SIHR program, such as behavioral change technique and goal-directed training. They were also satisfied with the process of developing the program through a community network. Disabilities were satisfied with the therapists’ persuasive and emotionally interactive way of delivering the SIHR program as well as the individually customized rehabilitation training and physical improvement. The short period (8 weeks) of the SIHR program was noted by both therapists and disabilities as the part that needs improvement. Conclusion: The SIHR program developed using the CBPR approach was feasible and satisfying to therapists and disabilities. However, a longer SIHR program should be developed. Community networks could help therapists effectively utilize community resources and thereby provide more rehabilitation program for persons with disability.

The purpose of the study was to investigate effects of Low intensity cardiac rehabilitation, using a treadmill, on the myocardial structure. We identified the effects by analyzing changes in the rats' weights and the results of biopsies. Twenty Sprague-Dawley male rats, 50 weeks old, were randomly divided into the exercise group and the control group. myocardial infarction( MI) was induced by ligaturing their left anterior descending artery. After the acute MI induction, two rats of each group began to fall dead, therefore, eight of each group completed at the end of the experiment. We used treadmills for animals for the exercise group. This exercise group performed 30 minutes of exercise five times per week for six weeks, while the control group did not perform any exercise. No statistically significant differences in weight were found in within group comparison and between group comparison. Furthermore, we observed histological changes in the myocardium using Hematoxylin & Eosin and Masson's trichrome staining in both groups. Low-intensity exercise inhibited myocardial fibrosis, may serve as a reference in the cardiopulmonary field, which plays a role in rehabilitating patients with cardiac disorders, including acute MI.

목적 : 본 연구는 연하장애재활치료를 수행하고 있는 작업치료사들을 대상으로 손 씻기와 개인 보호 장비 사용에 대한 영역에서 감염관리에 대한 인식과 실태를 조사해보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 연하장애재활치료를 직접 시행하고 있는 작업치료사를 대상으로 설문조사하여 시행하 였으며 설문 작성 시 목적을 충분히 설명하고 설문에 대한 동의를 얻었다. 총 423부의 설문지를 배부하 였으나 356부가 회수 되었고 결측지가 많은 11부를 제외하고 총 345부의 자료를 가지고 분석하였다. 결과 : 전체 작업치료사를 대상으로 분석한 결과 손 씻기와 같은 손 위생 활동은 잘 수행되고 있었으나 성 인 및 소아와 같은 치료분야와 임상경력에 따른 손 씻기 수행률에서도 일부 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 전체적으로 개인 보호 장비 사용여부에서 마스크 및 보호복의 착용이 가장 소홀히 시 행되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통하여 연하재활 영역에서의 감염관리에 있어 손 씻기는 대체적으로 잘 이루어지는 실정 이나 기관별로 손을 씻을 때 사용하는 비누 및 건조방법에 대한 차이점을 알 수 있었다. 또한 연하장애 재활치료 시 보호 장비 사용에 대한 인식이 저하되어 있다는 점을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 작업치 료사들의 감염관리 실태를 인식하고 기관 내 감염관리를 위한 보다 체계적인 노력들이 수반되어야 할 것이다.

이 연구는 식생기반재돌망태기슭막이의 녹화효과를 분석하였다. 식생기반재돌망태기슭막이 시공 후 20일 경과 후 식생이 발아하기 시작하였으며, 봄의 피복율은 약 20%를 나타내었다. 여름에는 피복율이 약 65%로 나타났으며, 출현종은 파종한 목본인 낭아초, 참싸리 모두 출현 하였으며, 초본으로는 벌노랑이, 자운영, 수레국화, 기생초, 코스모스 등 5종이 출현하였다. 이때 침입식생은 개망초, 새, 벼룩자리, 버들잎엉겅퀴, 미국자리공, 망초, 미국가막사리, 민들 레, 아까시나무, 찔레, 물쑥, 매듭풀, 자귀나무, 바랭이, 쇠무릅 등 15종이었다. 가을에는 피 복율이 약 82%로 나타났으며, 출현종은 6종, 침임식생은 5종으로 나타났다. 또한 식생기반재 돌망태기슭막이와 전석기슭막이, 식생낭기슭막이를 비교한 결과, 식생기반재돌망태기슭막이만 녹화효과가 나타났다.

이 연구는 에치고츠마리 마을을 대상으로 농촌마을에 당대예술을 도입함으로서 활성화 되어지는 과정과 그 결과를 다룬 것이다. 대상지의 고찰과 당대예술의 도입 계기, 마을의 경관요소, 예술제의 계획, 자원의 활용, 예술 도입 후 성과에 대한 데이터를 분석하여 예술이 농촌마을의 발전에 미친 영향과 지속적인 발전 가능성을 규명하였다. 연구를 통해 당대예술을 이용한 농촌경관의 변화가 농촌마을 활성화에 도움이 되는 것으로 나타났으며 자연 및 예술의 조화에도 영 향을 주는 것으로 파악되었다. 논문은 연구의 목적과 배경, 연구의 대상과 방법, 일본 마을의 경관요소 및 에치고츠마리의 분석, 예술제의 계획 및 자원 이용의 상황에 대한 고찰 그리고 연구 결과로 구성되었다. 연구결과 당대예술의 도입이 에치고츠마리 마을에 미친 좋은 영향은 첫째, 경제적인 수익을 높였으며 둘째, 인구 구조가 변화되면서 전통적인 단일 농경구조가 바뀌었고 셋째, 농민들의 생활방식이 변화되어 새로운 문화가치를 형성했으며 예술제가 에치고츠마리의 새로운 문화의 상징이 되었다. 넷째, 마을의 거주환경, 교통, 공공시설 등 생활환경 등이 개선되었으며 다섯째, 마을의 경관요소 및 공간속성에 변화를 가져왔다. 또한 예술 도입을 통해 에치고츠마리 마을이 다시 활성화 된 사례는 최근 사회적으로 문제되는 농촌마을의 발전에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

Objective : This study examined the impact of a sixteen-week time-use intervention perio on the depression and rehabilitation motivation of stroke patients with psychological difficulties.Methods : Ten stroke patients who were divided into an experimental group and a control group participated in this study from May 2014 to August 2014. Depression changes were measured using a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and their rehabilitation motivation was evaluated using the Rehabilitation Motivation Scale.Results : The results of the present study showed that the experimental group and control group presented significant differences before and after intervention in terms of their depression and rehabilitation motivation. However, after intervention, the depression and rehabilitation motivation did not differ between the two groups.Conclusion : The results of this study indicate that time-use intervention was effective in improving the depression and rehabilitation motivation of stroke patients, and therefore time-use intervention with occupational therapy will be useful as a clinical method for improving their level of depression and rehabilitation motivation.

The objective of this study is to analyze the investment adequacy of the projects implemented according to the master plan on sewerage rehabilitation at Seoul. The planned and actually implemented ratio of invested money on sewage treatment plants (STPs) to sewers were compared in two temporal periods. Though the planned ratio of investment on STPs to sewers was 50:50 (in 2009-2020) , the actual implemented ratio in 2009-2013 was 34:66. Until 2020, the greater investment ratio on STPs to sewers should be made considering the necessity of coping with stricter legal compliance on advanced treatment, stormwater treatment and so on. The priority of the planned and partially implemented projects among four STPs and at each STP was evaluated. Considering only the performance indicator of reduced load of BOD, T-N, T-P per the capacity of each STP facility, the performance among four STPs was shown as Jung-Rang>Tan-Cheon>Seo-Nam>Nan-Ji. The reverse order of the performance results in the past may be considered for future investment priority, but the efficiency of operation implemented at each STP, deteriorated status of each STP, investment in the past and so forth should also be considered. As for the priority of projects conducted within each STP, projects related to legal compliance (such as advanced tertiary treatment, stormwater treatment, etc.) have highest priority. Odor-related project and inhabitant-friendly facility related projects (such as building park on STPs, etc.) has lower priority than water quality related projects but interactivity with end-users of sewerage should also be important.

This research carried out an analysis on input cost and leakage reduction effect by leakage reduction method, focusing on the project for establishing an optimal water pipe network management system in the Taebaek region, which has been executed annually since 2009. Based on the result, optimal cost-benefit analysis models for water distribution network rehabilitation project were developed using DEA(data envelopment analysis) and multiple regression analysis, which have been widely utilized for efficiency analysis in public and other projects. DEA and multiple regression analysis were carried out by applying 4 analytical methods involving different ratios and costs. The result showed that the models involving the analytical methods 2 and 4 were of low significance (which therefore were excluded), and only the models involving the analytical methods 1 and 3 were suitable. From the result it was judged that the leakage management method to be executed with the highest priority for the improvement of revenue water ratio was installation of pressure reduction valve, followed by replacement of water distribution pipe, replacement of water supply pipe, and then leakage detection and repair; and that the execution of leakage management methods in this order would be most economical. In addition, replacement of water meter was also shown to be necessary in case there were a large number of defective water meters.

이 논문은 교도소아버지학교라는 사회적 처우프로그램이 수형자의 교정교화와 그들의 가족관계회복에 미치는 영향을 통계적인 실증적 모형을 통하여 다룬 논문으로 전국의 교도소에서 아버지학교 프로그램을 이수한 265명의 수형자들을 표본대상으로 하여 자기기입식의 설문조사를 실시하였다. 최근에 들어와 교정복지에서의 가족복지 치료의 중요성이 부각되고 있고, 교정복지학계나 관련실무분야에서도 이러한 연구경향은 증대되고 있다. 따라서 이러한 추세를 반영하여 교도소아버지학교 프로그램이 수형자의 교화와 가족관계에 미치는 영향에 관한 몇 개의 논문이 발표된 바가 있다. 하지만 교도소아버지학교 프로그램과 수형자 교정교화간의 관계에 대한 실증적 연구에서 조절변수를 통한 조절모형을 삽입한 실증적 연구는 거의 없다. 교도소아버지학교 프로그램과 수형자의 교정교화나 가족관계의 회복에 관한 기존의 실증적 연구는 주로 인과 관계적 통계에서만 접근되었을 뿐이다. 따라서 본 논문은 교도소아버지학교 프로그램과 교정교화간의 기존의 인과 관계적 통계연구와 달리 인과관계모형은 물론 조절변수를 통한 조절모형을 삽입한 통계를 통하여 교도소아버지학교 프로그램이 수형자의 교정교화와 가족관계의 회복에 미치는 영향에 대해 접근하였으며, 바로 이점이 기존 논문과의 차이점이다.

Although motivation and fun are important for effective speech therapy, the conventional speech therapy is often conducted by using a textbook which can be boring to the speech-handicapped. The present study is to develop a speech therapy serious game for rehabilitation of the handicapped with articulation and fluency in speech. A speech therapy game was developed in the present study through the following four-step approach: (1) benchmarking analysis of 8 speech therapy systems, (2) analysis of 22 parents, (3) development of the framework of the speech therapy game and ideas for speech therapy game contents, and (4) implementation of the speech therapy serious game system using C# and the game engine Unity. The speech therapy serous game developed in the study can be of help for rehabilitation of articulation and fluency for the speech-handicapped.

A CCTV inspection method has been widely used to assess sewer condition and performance, but Korea lacks a proper decision support system for prioritizing sewer repair and rehabilitation (R&R). The objective of this paper is to introduce the results that we have developed in the Sewer Condition Assessment and Rehabilitation Decision-making (SCARD) Program using MS-EXCEL. The SCARD-Program is based on a standardized defect score for sewer structural and hydraulic assessment. Priorities are ranked based on risk scores, which are calculated by multiplying the sewer severity scores by the environmental impacts. This program is composed of three parts, which are decision-making for sewer condition and performance assessment, decision-making for sewer R&R priority assessment, and decision-making for optimal budget allocation. The SCARD-Program is useful for decision-makers, as it enables them to assess the sewer condition and to prioritize sewer R&R within the limited annual budget. In the future, this program logic will applied to the GIS-based sewer asset management system in local governments.

본 글은 거울신경세포시스템에 대한 신경학적 기전에 대하여 알아보고 이에 근거한 동작관찰훈련에 대한 문헌 고찰을 통해 임상에서 신경계환자의 재활치료에 있어 치료적 접근법으로써 사용될 수 있음을 제안하기 위해 작성되었다. 거울신경세포시스템은 특정한 동작의 움직임이나 다른 개체가 움직이는 것을 관찰할 때 활동하는 신경세포를 말하며, 인간의 운동앞이랑, 아래마루엽과 아래이마이랑, 마루엽영역, 위 관자엽고랑을 포함하는 배쪽운동앞겉질에 존재한다고 알려져 있다. 이러한 신경학적 근거에 따라 사용되 고 있는 치료방법에는 동작관찰훈련이 있는데, 동작을 관찰하고 관찰한 동작을 다시 모방하여 반복적으 로 훈련하는 방법이며, 다른 사람의 행동을 관찰함으로써 형태와 동작을 이해하고, 선택하고 모방하여 운동학습의 단계까지 이르는 훈련방법을 말한다. 현재 동작관찰훈련의 치료적 효율성과 임상적용에 대해 서는 관련 연구들이 진행되고 있으며, 해당 연구들에서 기능향상의 효과가 있음이 보고되고 있다. 이러 한 동작관찰훈련방법은 불가능한 움직임보다는 가능한 움직임, 즉 실제 사람의 손의 움직임을 관찰하는 직접적인 방법이나 목적지향적인 과제에 대해서 관찰을 시킬 때 더욱 활성화 시킬 수 있다. 이러한 거울 신경세포에 근거한 동작관찰훈련은 치료적 측면을 떠나 퇴원 후 가정에서도 지속적으로 수행하기 용이 하고, 경제적으로도 비용절약에 효과적인 방법이라 할 수 있겠다. 따라서 본 글에서는 이러한 거울신경 세포시스템에 대한 신경학적 근거에 대해 알아보고 그와 함께 거울신경세포시스템에 근거한 동작관찰훈 련을 적용한 연구를 고찰함으로써 신경계재활치료영역에 있어서 그 효율성과 치료적 적용 가능성에 대 해 알아보고자 한다.

우리나라 실정법에서 ‘갱생보호’(更生保護)나 ‘법무보호복지’(法務保護福祉)라는 용어는 형사처분이나 보호처분을 받은 자가 자립할 수 있게 숙식제공, 주거지원, 창업지원, 직업훈련, 취업지원 등의 물질적⋅정신적 지원을 함으로써 성공적으로 사회에 복귀할 수 있게 도와주는 것을 말한다. 출소자를 포함한 ‘갱생보호(법무보호복지) 대상자’의 ‘갱생’(更生)(rehabilitation)과 ‘재사회화’(再社會化)(re-socialization)를 위한 프로그램이다. 이 글은 우리나라의 갱생보호(법무보호복지) 법제를 입법 연혁을 중심으로 살펴본 것이다. 그 목차는 Ⅰ. 서론, Ⅱ. 우리나라 갱생보호(법무보호복지) 법제의 입법동향: 1. 「(구)갱생보호법」의 연혁, 2. 「보호관찰 등에 관한 법률」의 연혁, 3. 「보호관찰 등에 관한 법률 일부개정법률안」, 4. 「법무보호대상자 지원에 관한 법률안」, Ⅲ. 결론으로 구성되어 있다. 생각건대, 첫째, 출소자 사후관리를 체계적으로 한다는 명분으로 기존의 「갱생보호법」이 「보호관찰 등에 관한 법률」에 흡수된 이래 ‘갱생보호’(법무보호복지) 실무를 담당하고 있는 현장에서는 직무의 정체성을 둘러싼 여러 문제점을 제기하고 있다. ‘사회내 처우’라는 이유로 이것을 다른 보호관찰, 사회봉사, 수강 등과 같은 법에서 함께 다루는 것이 과연 타당한지 보다 근본적으로 재검토할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 용어 사용례를 보면, ‘갱생보호’에서 ‘법무보호’로, 더 나아가 ‘법무보호복지’로 그 외연을 넓히면서 그 개념이 애매해진 것 같다. 법령에서 의미를 명확히 규정할 필요가 있다. 셋째, ‘한국법무보호복지공단’이 보다 양질의 서비스를 제공할 수 있게 갱생보호 대상자의 범죄경력 조회를 포함하여 적어도 필요최소한도의 정보에 접근할 수 있는 법적 권한을 「보호관찰 등에 관한 법률 시행령」에서 마련해준 것은 갱생보호사업의 실효성을 위해 바람직하다고 생각한다. 다만, 그 남용과 오용을 막을 수 있는 제도적 장치도 함께 잘 마련해야 할 것이다.

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of virtual reality cognitive rehabilitation program on cognitive function, physical function and depression of long-term care insurance nongrading elderly dementia using Daytime protection service. For achieve this purpose, 30 dementia elderly were randomly assigned in to the experimental group(n=15)and control group(n=15). All subjects performed a general therapeutic exercise and 20- 30minutes takes virtual reality cognitive rehabilitation program were conducted with experimental group 2 times a week for 8 weeks. The intervention effects were measured by using cognitive function is mini-mental states examination-Korean version(MMSE-K), visual perception is MVPT(Motor-Free Visual Perception Test), Berg's balance scales(BBS), depression test GDS-K and lower limb strength. The results of study represented that the training group showed significant improvement in MMSEK( p<.05), visual perception(p<.05), balance(p<.05), lower limb strength(p<.05) and depression (p<.05). In conclusion, the virtual reality cognitive rehabilitation training using improves visual perception included cognitive function, physical function included balance, and lower limb strength and depression. These results suggest that virtual reality training using virtual reality cognitive rehabilitation program is feasible and suitable for mild dementia.

Stroke incidence is increasing accordance with the aging of the population. While stroke patients increases the survival rate due to the contemporary development of medicine, goes on increasing the chronic disease by muscle impairment called hemiplegia. Rehabilitation training of motor skills for hemiplegia patients comprises repetitive and passive contents. In this paper, we developed a movement recognition device using acceleration sensor to help the upper limb rehabilitation and functional game contents in order to reduce the boredom of rehabilitation. By this contents, we can be maximized effect of the exercise using rehabilitation training contents made by simple graphical resources and added fun. Later on, we will provide various contents that can use several platform interface and can be have a lot of fun exercise and spread the range of applications of functional game contents.