In this study the real situation of apartment house in seoul is reproduced with multi-zone modeling program CONTAM2.4. This model include disinfection system which is consist of dilution, filtration, UVGI(ultra violet germicidal irradiation). It's energy consumption was also analyzed through the linked model of CONTAM and TRNSYS according to the combination of components. The comparison of total energy consumption through energy analysis revealed that adjusting the air change rate of the UVGI air sterilizer to maintain the same indoor microbe removal capability was more advantageous in terms of energy consumption.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of survivin in various salivary gland tumors. For this study, total 18 cases of salivary gland tumors; 6 cases of benign and 12 cases of malignant tumors were used as experimental group. In benign tumors; pleomorphic adenoma, oncocytoma, and in malignant tumors; adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid tumor, high grade and low grade malignancy each, adenocarcinoma, acinic cell adenocarcinoma cases were included. And for the control group, fresh submandibular glands were attained from gnathosurgical specimen. All the specimens, experimental, control group were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solutions, embedded in paraffin, sectioned 5um or more in thickness, stained with the hematoxylin and eosin, mounted and examined under the microscope. For the immunohistochemical studies, all the specimens were activated with survivin monoclonal, and secondary antibodies as usual manners, and taken photos on various pathologic fields analysed with the image analysis system, and evaluated the positive and negative stained area in the tumors on each images and statistically analyzed with SPSS 15.0 program. Attained result as follows. In control group, in part, acini cells show positive reaction on the nuclei, negative on the all most of the cytoplasm, more intense reaction on the cytoplasm and nuclei on the serous demilune (47.33%). In experimental group, all the specimens show survivin positive reaction on the cytoplasm with/or without positive reaction on nuclei according to the tumors, in benign tumors; pleomorphic adenoma (63.48%), oncocytoma (56.31%), each and in malignant tumors; adenoid cystic carcinoma (87.6%), acinic cell adenocarcinoma (56.35%). adenocarcinoma (67.47%), mucoepidermoid carcinoma, low grade (70.76%). high grade (55.23%). Survivin expression shows higher in tumors compare to that on the control group (p<0.05), but between the malignant tumors no significant are not noted(p>0.005). Survivin expression is strongly related to the malignancy of salivary gland tumors

Elevated expression of survivin is strongly associated with tumorigenesis and even in human common cancers. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the 7th most frequent cancer in human and responsible for more than 90% of all oral cancer. The purpose of this study is to confirm whether survivin is associated with oral carcinogenesis, expecially has a role in the development of OSCC. For the control group; 3 specimens obtained from normal oral mucosa without any inflammatory reaction were used a nd for the experimental group, specimens obtained f rom 18 sub jects of OSCC; 6 subjects from Well differentiated type OSCC; 4 subjects from Moderately differentiated type OSCC; 3 subjects from Poorly differentiated type OSCC; 3 subjects from Verrucous carcinoma: and 2 subjects from C arcinoma in situ were used. All the specimens were embedded in paraffin, sectioned 5 μm or more in thickness, and stained with hematoxylin- eosin. For immunostain, the specimens were incubated with 1;200 diluted primary antibody (anti-survivin monoclonal, Biocare Inc, USA), followed by the secondary antibody(NovoLink Polymer detection system, Novocastra Lab., UK). The bound antibodies were visualized by addition of diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride(DAB) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The specimens were counterstained with Mayerʼs Hematoxylin and mounted. Quantitation of immunoreactivity was performed under the light microscope with the following criteria ; Intensive reaction; +++, Moderate reaction; ++, Minimal reaction; +. Using the image analyzer(Korea Optical System), immunoreactivity of tumor cells in various field was measured and statistically analyzed with SPSS 15.0 Program. The results were as follows: Expression of survivin in OSCC was significantly increased in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of OSCC as compare to those of control group (p<0.05). Expression of survivin in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the cells in OSCC is correlated with the cellular malignancy (p<0.05). Expression of survivin in Poorly differentiated type OSCC partly correlated to some extent to cellular malignancy (p<0.05). These results suggest that expression of survivin in OSCC is closely associated with to the development, and malignancy of the OSCC, b ut it is not enough to be used a s a marker f or the c ellular malignancy. Further studies are needed to relate the expression of survivin to cellular malignancy.

버섯(Mushroom)은 분류학상으로 고등균류 중 진균류(Eu m y c e t e s ) 에 속하며, 대부분 담자균류 (Basiodiomycetes)에 속한다. 이러한 버섯은 독특한 맛과 향이 뛰어나 기호성이 높은 식품으로 이용되어 왔고, 당질, 단백질, 비타민, 아미노산, 무기질 등과 같이 인체에 중요한 각종 영양소를 골고루 함유하고 있으며, 광범위한 약리 작용 도 나타내므로 예로부터 전통식품 및 민간약의 제제로서 널 리 이용되어 왔을 뿐만 아니라 항암활성, 면역증강 등의 효능 작용 때문에 최근에는 기능성 식품 및 의약품 소재로 많이 이 용되고 있다. 표고버섯은 다당류에 의한 항암효과 및 항바이러스, 혈장 콜레스테롤 함량저하, 동맥경화, 고혈압, 등과 같은 성인병 치료 및 예방의 효과가 입증되었으며, 표고버섯 추출물은 항 산화성, 아질산염 소거작용이 우수한 것으로 보고되어 세계 적으로 식용으로 광범위하게 이용되고 있는 추세이다. 이에 따라 표고버섯(Lentinus edodes ) 자실체 추출물을 분석하 여, 성인병 예방 및 면역증강에 관련된 물질을 분석하였다. 항산화 실험은 DPPH Free radical scavenging activity 방 법을 통하여 진행되어 ‘가을 수확’이 가장 높은 항산화 효 과를 나타내었다. 또한 천연 식품에 존재하는 영양성분 중 의 하나인 페놀류(polyphenol)는 항산화 역할을 하는 것으 로 알려져 있다. 이를 Folin ciocalteu 방법을 통한 실험결과 에서도 마찬가지 결과가 나타났다. 한편, 면역기능부분에서 는 β-glucan 함량 측정을 하였다. 다당류의 일종인 베타글 루칸은 인간의 정상적인 세포조직의 면역기능을 활성화시 켜 암세포의 증식과 재발을 억제하고 면역세포의 기능을 활 발하게 하는 인터루킨(interleukin), 인터페론(interferon) 의 생성을 촉진시킨다. 그 결과 ‘가을수확 동고자루’에서 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 항고혈압 실험부분에서는 ACE 저해활성 측정을 통하여 진행하였다. 고혈압의 치료제 로 사용되는 ACE 억제제는 관상동맥질환과 심근경색의 발 생을 감소시키며, neyrohomonal effect 에 의해 혈관벽에 가 해지는 스트레스를 줄여줌으로써 심혈관계 질환에 효과를 나타낸다. ACE 저해활성 측정은 Cushman 과 Cheung 의 spectrophotometric assay 방법을 이용해 측정하였다. 그 결과 ‘봄수확 동고갓’에서 비교적 높은 ACE 저해활성능 을 나타내는 것으로 나타났다. 항혈전 실험은 혈전용해활성 을 이용하였다. 혈전용해활성은 Astrup 과 Mullertz 의 fibrin plate 법을 이용하여 측정하였다. ‘봄수확 동고갓, 자루’에 서 가장 높은 혈전용해능이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 항 당뇨 실험에서는 α-amyloglucosidase를 이용한 실험을 진 행하였다. 우리나라 당뇨환자의 대부분인 인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병 치료약물에 대한 연구는 당의 소화 및 흡수를 제어할 목적으로 전분분해효소 저해제에 대한 연구가 진행 중이며 이에 따라 α-1,4 및 α-1,6 글루코시드 결합을 가수분해 하는 효소인 α-amyloglucosidase를 이용해 버섯시료가 이 효소를 저해함으로써 단당류의 소화흡수를 저해하는 정도를 측정하였다. 그 결과 ‘가을수확 동고자루’에서 가장 높은 저해능을 보였다. 이러한 결과들은 표고버섯이 추출물에 의한 항산화효과 및 면역력증강, 혈장콜레스테롤 함량저하, 동맥경화, 고혈압, 당뇨 치료 및 예방의 효과가 뛰어난 것으로 판단된다. 이를 근거로 의약품 개발 및 건강기능성 식품에 응용을 한다면 그 부가가치가 클 것으로 예상된다.

In this paper, the electrochemical non-enzyme immunosensor has been developed for the determination of salmonella antigen, using inverse voltammetry. For the estimation of salmonella antigen concentration, the nanoparticles synthesized by microemulsion method were conjugated with salmonella antigen. Then, the immunocomplex between antibody immobilized on the transducer surface and antigen containing a magnetic nanoparticles was formed. From the linear relationship between the reduction peak current of Fe(III) and salmonella antigen concentration, it is suggested that the electrochemical non-enzyme biosensor is applicable to detect salmonella antigen in the concentration range of

was first described by Pindborg in 1955. they occur as intraosseous(94%) and extraosseous variants. Although the prognosis of CEOT was regarded as ameloblastoma in the past, contemporary accumulating data suggest that CEOT have better prognosis than ameloblastoma. But decisive evidences are lacked. Although CEOT is a rare odontogenic tumor, the histopathologic features have so much diversity. Especially interesting aspects are the being of amyloid and Langerhans' cells. Author classify 6 cases of CEOT to scanty, small, and lage as produced amount of amyloid and then perform immunohistochemical study about pancytokertin, cytokeratin8/18, vimentin, CD1a, and VEGF(vascular endothelial growth factor) for verifying the differentiation state of tumor cells and the comparative infiltrative potential with ameloblastoma. Author obtain several conclusion and presumptive facts through this study and previous researchs. Tumor cells of CEOT exhibited different differentiating features as amount of amyloid, presumably tumor cells of CEOT with scanty amount of amyloid represent enamel epithelium-like cells of presecretory stage in amelogenesis, tumor cells of CEOT with small amount of amyloid represent ameloblast-like cells of secretory stage in amelogenesis, and tumor cells of CEOT with large amount of amyloid represent reduced enamel epithelium-like cells after enamel formation. Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition phenomenon developed in tumor cells of CEOT with small amount of amyloid. Inflammatory reaction was not related with being Langerhansʼ cells. Author tentatively concluded that CEOT with Langerhans cells exhibited a tendency of non-calcification, scanty amyloid formation and frequently occurring at the maxillary anterior region through the previous studies and this study. Infiltrative growth potential of CEOT was lower than ameloblastoma regarding only VEGF expression.

53 years old female showed repeated ulceration of labial gingival mucosa at upper and lower anterior teeth, which was a partly desquamated and erythematous lesion. The lesion was slightly extended into vestibule and buccal mucosa in oral cavity, but the similar lesion was not found in other organs by medical inspection. The incisional biopsy including the border of the ulcerated mucosa and normal mucosa showed a severely inflamed mucosa, of which epithelium was gradually detached from the underlying conective tissue, so that it was diagnosed as a mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) pathologically. The epithelium was thinned, almost lost its rete pegs, and the basement membrane was completely distorted by the epithelial detachement. The inflammatory cell infiltration was mainly composed of small round cells and plasma cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed to know the expression of pathogenetic proteins using antisera of Igk, E-cadherin, laminin a5, elafin, and eIF5A. The basement membrane at the epithelial detachment was condensely positive for Igk, and the involved epithelium became atrophic but showed consistently positive reaction of matrix proteins and protein translation factor, i.e., E-cadherin, laminin a5, elafin, and eIF5A similar to the adjacent normal mucosa continuous to the MMP lesion. The Igk was also diffusely deposited on the basement membrane of nearby normal mucosa. Many plasma cells infiltrated around the lesion were strongly positive for Igk in their cytoplasms. Therefore, we suggest that the MMP be characterized by the deposition of Igk on the basement membrane of the detached epithelium in the absence of no other pathognomic changes of molecular events.

This study was performed to investigate the effect of extract mixture(IPGE) drink from Inonotus Obliquus, Phellinus Linteus and Ganoderma Lucidum on hematopoietic stem cells and lymphocyte subset[lymphocyte, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, Natural Killer(NK) cells] of blood in 37 participants who were healthy and about 40~70 years old. They were divided into two groups; extract mixture drink administration group(n=27) and placebo administration group(n=12). They were given the test drink daily for 4 weeks. Blood was obtained from the subjects every two week in the beginning of administration day to evaluate the CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells and immune cells. As results, CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells were significanly increased after taking IPGE drink for 4 weeks compared to that before taking the drink (p < 0.001). There was no significant changes in number of lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells and in the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cell after taking the test drink. From these results, it was suggested that IPGE have a good health effect by promoting the proliferation of the hematopoietic stem cells.

Immunohistochemical localization of vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), myelin basic protein (MBP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were performed to confirm the canine schwannoma diagnosed histologically. Biopsy samples from skin masses occurred on a 6 year old female dog and a 13 year old female dog were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Histologically, the tumor tissues showed the characteristics of schwannoma mainly composed of predominantly fusiform or spindle cells. The cells are arranged in small interwoven bundles with intervening fibrous and mucinous stroma that imitate a herringbone pattern. The cell nuclei have an elongated, wavy, buckled appearnce and closely bunched together. In high magnification, mitotic figure, nuclear hyperchromatism, pleomorphism and poorly defined cytoplasms were noted. the vimentin was highly expressed in the cytoplasm of all neoplastic cells. Positive reactions against NSE and GFAP, widely used to suggest a neural origin of cell types, are observed in cytoplasms of tumor cells. These results can be used as a reference data for definitive diagnosis of canine schwannoma.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) can play an important role in carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). EMT is characterized by morphological and phenotypical change of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells, and transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin, Snail is critical for EMT. In order to investigate the role of Snail and E-cadherin in OSCC, we analyzed the immunohistochemical pattern of Snail and E-cadherin in 18 OSCCs. The expression of Snail in the OSCC was increased whereas the expression of E-cadherin in the OSCC was decreased in comparison with those of normal oral mucosa, showing reverse correlation. Especially, the fibroblasts near the islands of OSCC showed the positivity of Snail, suggesting the reactive fibroblasts to the EMT of epithelial tumor cells. In metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in cervical lymph node, the positivity of Snail of tumor cells was higher than that of primary OSCC. We concluded that the increased Snail expression and the decreased E-cadherin expression were involved in the progression, invasion and metastasis of OSCC.

Metastatic tumors in oral cavity are rare, where their prognoses are considered to be extremely poor. Unless recognizing its primary origin, pathologic diagnoses for metastatic cancer have been troublesome for oral pathologists. This retrograde analysis was aimed at providing practical suggestion for the diagnoses of metastatic cancers to oral and maxillofacial region. We reviewed 20 patients diagnosed as metastatic cancers to oral cavity from 1991 to 2007. The patients were classified according to their clinical and histologic findings. We also reviewed 19 patients of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and 16 patients of adenoid cystic carcinoma to compare with those of metastatic cancers. Immunohistochemical staining for CK 5/6, CK 17, TTF-1, CEA was performed for differential diagnosis. Histologically, 20 cases compromised 11 cases of adenocarcinoma, 5 cases of undifferentiated carcinoma, 3 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, and one papillary carcinoma. The lung was the most common site for primary site (5/20), followed by the breast (2/20). In metastatic adenocarcinoma, TTF-1 positive cases were one lung cancer and a rectal cancer, and carcinomas from breast and rectum showed CK5/6 positive reaction. CEA was expressed in gastric and rectal carcinomas. In 19 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 13 cases (68.4%) are CK5/6 (+). In 16 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, 11 cases (68.8%) showed the positive reaction for CK5/6. TTF-1 is an antibody to show high sensitivity and specificity for lung adenocarcinoma, therefore, TTF-1 is helpful to make a diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinomas from lung. Adenocarcinomas originated from salivary glands show high CK5/6 expression, but metastatic adenocarcinomas, except of those from breast and rectum, show no CK5/6 expression, lending support that CK5/6 may be useful to differentiate metastatic adenocarcinomas from carcinomas of salivary gland origin.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of integrin α3 and integrin β1 in the ameloblastomas. For this study, 10 specimens diagnosed as amoblastomas referred to the Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, and 5 specimens of normal oral mucosa without any inflammatory changes were used as experimental and control groups, respectively. The ameloblastomas devided into follicular type, plexiform type, acanthomatous type, and granular cell type. All specimens; experimental and control group were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution and embedded in paraffin, and then the serial tissue sections were made 5㎛ in thickness and processed for immunohistochemical observation. The specimens were incubated with primary antibody against integrin α3 or integrin β1, each was diluted at 1 : 100, followed by the Supersensitive non-biotin horse radish peroxidase detection system with DAB as chromogen. After counterstaining with Gill's hematoxylin stain method and mounted, and examined under the light microscope. Based on the intensity of the immunoreactivity, intensity of the immunity was scored no epithelial stain, weak or focal epithelial stain, moderate or focal intensive epithelial stain, intense generalized epithelial staining for the epithelial, and connective tissue component in ameloblastomas, and normal oral mucosa on each. Attained results as follows. Expression of integrin α3 in the oral mucosa, weak reaction was noted on the all layers of epithelium, and submucosa. Expression of integrin β1 in the oral mucosa, intense reaction on the superficial layer, moderate reaction in basal layer were shown. Expression of integrin α3 in ameloblastomas, it was noted that weak reaction on the ameloblast like cells in the all types and rarely in basement membrane. Expression of integrin β1 in ameloblastomas, intense reaction on the tumor cell ,and partly in the nuclei in follicular type was noted, And moderate reaction on the tumor cell in plexiform , acathomatous types, but weak reaction in granular cell type was shown. This results result suggest that integrin α3 may influenced negligibly, but the integrin β1 influenced significantly the development of the ameloblastomas considering the response is increased on the region with highly cellular activities