This study was practiced to survey food-borne bacterial aspects of Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus etc. from 210 processed seasoned marine products in Garak fishery wholesale market in Seoul, 2009. Distributions of these bacterial isolates were 28 coliforms, 32 Bacillus spp., 71 Staphylococcus spp., 11 Listeria spp, and 10Enterococcus spp. in 157 dried squids, 23 dried file fishes, and 20 dried pollacks etc. respectively. Results in 16 kinds of antibiotics susceptibility test by disc diffusion method, special multiple drugs resistance patterns were NOR + LVX + CIP + SAM+ VA + S + TE + CF, SAM + C + VA, VA + S + TE, and VA + S in 9 E. coli strains, also,AMC + SAM + CF, SAM + CF, and VA + CF in 21 Bacillus cereus strains respectively. On the basis of the results above, many seasoned dried fishes had multiple drugs resistances, conclusively, we suggest limited guideline and special management on use of antibiotics in floating net cages of fishery farms.
To investigate acute drug intoxication trends in the elderly visited Emergency Medical Centers, Data was collected from the records of poisoning patients visited Five different Hospitals from January 1. 2007 to December 31. 2007. The analysis was conducted by using 135 cases of 624 cases. When considering only the elderly and making comparisons between the urban areas and the rural areas the following data was produced. In regard to patients with acute drug intoxication, the main substance of choice was pesticides. Cases of acute drug intoxication are definitely higher for those categorized as the rural elderly (75.0%) when compared with those categorized as the urban elderly (44.1%). The male to female ratio, those living together as a family, past suicide attempts, mental state and sobriety condition when they came, monthly distribution etc. between the two groups did not demonstrate a difference between them. In regard to reasons given for acute drug intoxication, suicide was the highest at 60.7% of the cases. When comparing accidental reasons for poisoning, the urban elderly, at 34.2% of their cases, were higher than in the rural elderly, at 23.7%. After first aid was administered, the admission rate was higher for the rural elderly (47.4%) than for the urban elderly (33.9%). This shows that the rural elderly have a more severe acute drug intoxication poisoning problem than the urban elderly do.
인터넷이 널리 보급․활용되면서 사회․경제 속에서 인터넷은 필수불가결한 부분이 되었다. 그런데 인터넷은 순기능만을 가져온 것은 아니고, 인터넷의 과도한 이용으로 인하여 일상생활이 어려울 정도의 장애를 가져오는 경우가 발생하였으며, 기존의 중독 원인이 인터넷과 결합, 융합됨으로써 기존의 중독이 심화되거나 중독의 발생이 확대되는 문제가 야기될 수 있다. 특히 인터넷에 대한 과대한 몰입은 정신적 능력이 성숙되지 않은 청소년에게서 심각하게 나타나는 것뿐만 아니라 인터넷이 성인의 활동에도 깊숙이 관련된다는 점에서 성인에게도 동일하게 발생한다는 문제가 있다. 이와 같은 인터넷중독에 대한 문제의식을 바탕으로 하여 이 글에서는 인터넷중독의 필요성, 외국의 대응 현황, 과거에 제안되었던 인터넷중독 관련 법률안에 대한 검토 등을 바탕으로 하여 인터넷중독에 대한 효과적 대응을 위한 입법론을 개진하였다. 그 결과 최소한의 규제라는 틀 속에서 인터넷중독에 효과적으로 대응할 수 있는 추진조직, 체계, 사업자 규제, 예방을 위한 활동, 치료를 위한 활동, 이러한 규제의 실효성을 높이기 위한 수단에 대하여 상세한 입법 사항을 제시하였다. 특히 가장 중요한 문제로 인식될 수 있는 사업자 규제에 대하여는 그 적용대상을 구체화하였으며, 인터넷중독과 관련성 및 규제 형태에 따라 단계별로 의무를 부과하고, 규제의 실효성을 확보하기 위한 수단으로서 처벌수준에 관하여도 순차적․단계적으로 규제 및 처벌이 가해지도록 제안하였다.
To investigate acute drug intoxication trends in the elderly visited Emergency Medical Centers, Data was collected from the records of poisoning patients visited Five different Hospitals from January 1. 2007 to December 31. 2007. The analysis was conducted by using 135 cases of 624 cases. When considering only the elderly and making comparisons between the urban areas and the rural areas the following data was produced. In regard to patients with acute drug intoxication, the main substance of choice was pesticides. Cases of acute drug intoxication are definitely higher for those categorized as the rural elderly (75.0%) when compared with those categorized as the urban elderly (44.1%). The male to female ratio, those living together as a family, past suicide attempts, mental state and sobriety condition when they came, monthly distribution etc. between the two groups did not demonstrate a difference between them. In regard to reasons given for acute drug intoxication, suicide was the highest at 60.7% of the cases. When comparing accidental reasons for poisoning, the urban elderly, at 34.2% of their cases, were higher than in the rural elderly, at 23.7%. After first aid was administered, the admission rate was higher for the rural elderly (47.4%) than for the urban elderly (33.9%). This shows that the rural elderly have a more severe acute drug intoxication poisoning problem than the urban elderly do.
본 연구는 청소년의 부모자녀 의사소통이 그들의 인터넷게임 중독에 어느 정도 영향을 끼치는가를 알아보고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 제시된 구체적인 문제들에 대한 이론적 배경은 문헌자료에 대한 내용분석을 하였고, 실증분석은 설문지로 수집된 자료에 대하여 빈도분석(frequencies), 요인분석(factor analysis), 신뢰도(reliability), 그리고 단계적 회귀분석(hierarchial regression)을 적용하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하여 제시하면 다음과 같다. 즉, 부모-자녀(청소년)간 의사소통이 수용적일수록 청소년의 인터넷 중독에 낮게 하는데 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 부모-자녀간 의사소통의 하위변수인 대화수용성과 배려성은 높을수록 청소년의 인터넷 중독은 더 낮아진다고 할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 성별, 인터넷 이용시간, 그리고 부모와의 대화시간을 통제변수로 하여 변수간 관계를 분석한 결과는 대화수용성이 높을수록 청소년의 인터넷게임 중독은 더 낮아진다고 할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 통하여, 청소년이 지각하는 부모-자녀간 의사소통을 활발하게 하는 것이 청소년의 인터넷게임 중독을 예방하거나 감소시키는데 기여할 수 있음을 알 수 있다.
Information Technology has influenced in a great measure on the human life. Development of super express internet makes internet game using time of children enlarged, which results in the many dysfunction beyond the effect of sound internet game using as leisure. The children with internet game addiction suffer from problems against desirable emotion cultivation as well as the improper anger out to their family or friend through the failure of proper emotional regulation. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of children's internet game addiction on their anger regulation. To achieve the purpose of this study, we apply the post experimental design and introduce the mother-child attachment of children as control variable. The results from this research show that the anger regulation is affected by the internet game addiction of children.
This study was undertaken to analyze the hygienic problems of group food services and to predict the outbreak patterns of future food-borne diseases. A delphi survey with 20 experts identified the main causes of food-borne outbreaks in group food services as improper hygienic management of raw food materials, washing of worker's hands, dividing the spaces and unsanitary retail storage. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli (EPEC), non-typhoid Salmonella serotypes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (ETEC), norovirus, and the hepatitis A virus all have potential to cause outbreaks of food-borne disease. We analyzed the daily food use and the possibility of food-borne outbreaks in school food services for fruits, milk, fish, pork, eggs, and meat as raw food materials, and bibimbab, soybean sprouts muchim, spinach namul , cucumber sengchae, jabchae, and pork bulgogi as prepared food items. Frozen ( ≤ -20℃) and refrigerated (0~10℃) processed foods are popular items in group food services. Their storage, heating, and chemical sanitization methods are potential sources of food disease outbreaks. Our results can be applied to a well-organized hygiene control system and can be used to develop menus for preventing food-borne outbreaks.
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between addiction to online games and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in college students. A total of 377 (205 male and 172 female) college students completed an online game addiction scale, a Symptom Severity Scale (SSS), and a Function Status Scale (FSS) for CTS. It was found that five (1.3%) students were diagnosed with an online game addiction, 74 (19.6%) students were diagnosed with a pre-addiction to online games, and 298 (79.0%) students were diagnosed as being average users. The pre-addiction group had significantly higher scores on the SSS than did the average user group (p<.05). The average user group scored significantly lower than did the online game addiction group (p<.05). Symptoms of wrist pain and hand numbness in the daytime were common in the addiction group. There were statistically significant but poor positive relationships between the online game addiction scale and the SSS (r=.312, p<.01), and between the online game addiction scale and the FSS (r=.149, p<.01). The information about online game addiction and CTS identified in this study could contribute to the prevention of online game addiction and CTS in college students.
The purpose of this study was to know the correlation between the level of participating in badminton community activity - the period of participation, the intensity of participation, and the numbers of participation - and the sports addiction and eventua
In this study, microbial investigation is accomplished for 554 Jeot-kal samples (102 of Jeot-kal, 448 of Seasoned Jeot-kal and 4 of Sik-khe, respectively) that corresponds with Coliform-bacteria, Escherichia coli, Aerobic live bacteria as hygienic indicator microorganisms, and Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus as Food-borne pathogenic microorganisms. Based on the methods in Korea Food Code, reliable data are obtained as follows; in 31.9% rate of the samples, Coliform bacteria are verified in the extent of 0~20,000 CFU/g as 2.3 logCFU/g. Especially, Seasoned Jeot-kal (37.7%, 2.3 logCFU/g) are detected to 6 and 2 folds higher than those of Jeot-kal, 5.9% and 1.4 logCFU/g. Likewise, Escherichia coli is detected from 9 samples only in Seasoned Jeot-kal, that includes seasoned squid, seasoned octopus, seasoned roe of pollack, seasoned large-eyed herring and seasoned hairtail. Aerobic live bacteria are also detected in the range of 0~8.9 × 108 CFU/g. Against salinity, E. coli are detected in samples only less than 10% salinity. Concomitantly, aerobic live bacteria count is decreased to 5.5~3.6 log CFU/g upon the salinity is increased up to 25%. However, S. aureus and V. parahaemolyticus are not detected in 554 samples, presumptively referring Jeot-kal products are somehow free from such food-borne pathogens. As the results above, we deliberately consider that the sanitary control in Jeot-kal, which be necessarily fermented- as well as non-microbially inactivated should be ensured in near future and also suggest an effectual microbial standard corresponding to the Negativity in E. coli for Jeot-kal products.
최근 우리 사회의 많은 관심 대상인 청소년 전자게임 중독 현황에 대하여 고찰하고, 이런 게임 중독으로 여러 사회문제를 야기 시켰다. 특히 우리 사회에서 거의 모든 청소년들은 게임을 즐기고 있다. (97.8%.게임백서 2006) 특히 한국사회에서 게임에 대한 본질적인 이해 부족으로 ‘청소년 게임 중독’에 대하여 학교나 가정에서 ‘억제’ 중심으로 접근하여 많은 갈등을 초래 하였다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 청소년 게임중독을 단순한 ‘차단’, ‘억제’ 중심인 ‘수동적’이고 ‘일방적’인 방법을 탈피하여 게임에 대한 올바른 이해와 교육을 통하여 우리의 미래인 청소년들에게 게임 중독에 대하여 ‘능동적’이고, 부모님과 선생님의 ‘상호작용’인 방법을 제안한다. 더욱이 우리사회의 전자게임 대한 인식이 ‘산업적’인 관점에서 탈피 하여 ‘문화적’인 매개로 접근을 제안한다. 전자게임 중독에 대한 예방 교육은 기존의 우리사회에서 전 자게임에 교육은 단순히 ‘게임인력 양성’중심에서 ‘게임 홍익인간 양성’으로 전자게임 에 대한 문화 교육의 제도화를 제안하여, 청소년 게임 중독에 대한 새로운 방안을 모색한다.
Rapid spread of the internet has made our everyday life more convenient, however it has brought some problems along with it. Especially, undergraduate student are losing their social ability as they become absorbed in the internet game, act selfishly in the cyber space and lose interest in studying. As a result, they become isolated from their friends and experience difficulty in the relationship with their parents. In this paper, the influence factors of internet game addiction is investigated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and statistics techniques. This study is to define the influence an important factors of internet game addiction using a questionnaire to internet game player and expert group. It is believed that this study will be more receptive to results that include the priority weights of internet game addiction among the addiction group, non-addiction group and expert group.
시민 건강을 위협하는 질병 및 식중독 오염의 감염 매개체가 되는 손에 대한 위생실태를 점검하고자 유아원, 초등, 중등, 고등학생 및 일반인 등을 대상으로 오염의 지표인 일반세균 및 대장균군과 식중독 원인균인 세균성이질, 살모넬라, 황색포도상구균, 장병원성대장균, V. parahemolyticus, Y. enterocolitica, B. cereus, C. perfringens, L. monocytogenes, C. jejuni에 대해 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 일반세균과 대장균군 등의 위생세균에서 대장균군은 유치원생 2명, 초등학생 6명, 성인에서 2명이 검출되었으며, 일반세균은 유치원생의 경우 평균 3.3 log CFU/hand, 초등학생은 3.4 log CFU/hand, 중학생은 3.2 log CFU/hand, 고등학생은 3.4 log CFU/hand, 성인은 3.3 log CFU/hand로 나타났다. 2. 식중독 원인균으로 총 62주(12.4%)가 분리되었는데 그 중에서 황색포도상구균 47주(75.8%), B. cereus 8주(12.9%), C. perfringens 7주(11.3%)로 나타났다. 3. 독소 발현 확인시험은 황색포도상구균의 경우 47주 중 25주(53.2%)에서 독소를 확인하였는데 A형이 22주(88.0%), A와 B형 복합주가 2주(8.0%), A와 C형 복합주가 1주(4.0%)로 나타났으며, B. cereus는 8주 중 7주(87.5%)에서 독소 생산주를 확인하였으나, C. perfringens는 7주 모두 독소를 생산하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 4. 항생제감수성 시험에서 분리된 황색포도상구균 47주는 ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, imipenem, rimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, rifampin, vancomycin에 대해서는 100% 감수성을 나타냈으며, cefepime, chloramphenicol, cefotetan, gentamycin은 각각 91.5% 및 oxacillin(89.4%), tetracycline(87.2%)에 대해서도 높은 감수성을 관찰할 수 있었다. 항생제 내성은 ampicillin(91.5%), erythromycin(42.6%) 및 penicillin(95.7%)에서 매우 높게 나타났다. 2개 이상의 항생제 다제내성을 보인 균주는 총 44주였는데, 2제 다제내성 18주(40.9%), 3제 다제내성 15주(34.1%), 4제 다제내성 7주(15.9%), 5제와 6제 다제내성 각각 1주(4.5%)로 나타났다.
One hundred isola tes of Staphylococcus aureus were obtained from feces samples of patients with food poisoning. The a ntibiotic susceptibility against vari ous antibiotics was examined by disc diffusion test . The S. aureus isolates had 92% resista nce to peni cillin. They also had 30% resistance to ampicillin and erythromycin. respect ively. The percentage of re sistance to oxacillin was 14%. Three vancomycin resistant isolates were also found. The minimal inhibitory co ncen tra ti on(MIC)s of antibiotics were examll1ed Antibiotics-intermediate S a ureus isolates were not det ected by disc dif fu sion t est
Even though South Korean criminal justice system felt the necessity of treatment and rehabilitation for the drug addicted inmates, South Korea has concentrated on the punishment of them while disregarding the treatment and rehabilitation. Therefore, drug addicted inmates go back to the prison without overcoming drug temptation. 「The policy for the rehabilitation of drug related offenders(2006. 5)」 which was released by the Korean Corrections Bureau of Ministry of Justice on May 2006 is an appropriate policy for the treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicted inmates. However, it is hard to achieve some practical results only if there is a lone effort by the department which is dealing with the drug addicted inmates. Now, there should be in-depth discussions among the drug offence related criminal justice system to achieve effective results. This study examines the current status of the management and treatment for the drug addicted inmates in the correctional facilities. Based on this examination, I would like to recommend some effective ways of management and treatment for the addicted inmates. Especially, this study will provide some additional considerations for the implementation of 「The policy for the rehabilitation of drug related offenders(2006. 5)」. This study presents following recommendations: First, drug addicted inmates should be classified and segregated from the stage of un-conviction to the release from prison. Second, there should be enough medical doctors and drug addiction professionals. We can use medical doctors who are majoring psychiatry instead of mandatory military service. For the drug addiction professionals, we can educate our drug related employees at the graduate programs in drug specialized universities. Third, there should be more programs and educations for the treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicted inmates. Fourth, through the periodical inspection of the inmates, the usage of drugs in the correctional facilities should be prevented. Fifth, we need to consider the concept of community correction for the drug addicted inmates. Therefore, we can build an intermediate prison for the addicted inmates or can give more parole opportunities. Also, by the alleviation of the closed treatments using the strict correctional and educational programs, we can use more open treatments.