본 연구는 생태교육 프로그램 운영 및 개발과 교수에 대한 학습방법에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 생태학습에 관한 어린이집 교사들의 인식 및 실태에 있어 파생되는 문제 및 개선점을 알아보고, 생태기술력의 영향으로 국가경 쟁력이 미래유아교육의 발전과 유아들의 생태적 사고 능력 및 창의성 기르기의 중요성과 질 높은 교육의 기회가 적절한 시기에 제공함으로써 유아교육 발전을 위한 생태교육에 있어 교사양성 및 현직교사연수를 국가차원에서 이루어져야 할 것이다.
목적 : 본 연구는 작업치료사의 생명윤리의식 정도와 특성을 알아보고자 실시하였다.
연구방법 : 본 연구는 생명윤리와 관련하여 Kwon(2003)의 연구에서 사용한 설문지의 문항을 저자의 동의받아 사용하였다. 설문지 내용은 대상자 일반적 특성과 생명윤리의식에 대한 9개 하위영역, 49개 문항으로 구성하였다. 설문은 직접 또는 우편을 통해 배부하여 수거하였고 최종 배부된 293부 중 응답의 성실성이 떨어지는 설문지를 제외하고 최종 272부를 분석하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, 독립표본 티-검증, 일원배치분산분석, 사후검증은 쉐페검증으로 분석하였다.
결과 : 작업치료사들의 생명윤리의식은 중간보다 높은 수준이었으나, 윤리적 가치관이 확립되지 않아 의사 결정의 혼돈을 느끼고 있으며 생명윤리에 대한 문제로 갈등을 경험하였다.
결론 : 작업치료사의 올바른 생명윤리의식을 확립하기 위한 교육프로그램 개발의 기초자료로 사용 할 수 있을 것이다.
보육교사의 전문성은 역할 수행에 있어서 중요한 요인이며 보육의 질적 제고를 위한 필수적인 과제로서 보육의 지속적 성장을 위한 전문성확보가 필요하다. 전문성이 확보되면 직무만족도가 높아지고 보육교사들의 이직률을 낮출 수 있다. 보육교사의 이직률이 낮아지면 영유아와 보육교사 사이의 애착관계형성에 있어 긍정적인 영향을 끼침으로 영유아 발달에 있어 매우 바람직한 상호 관계를 형성한다.
Introduction
The traditional approaches on corporate social responsibility communication are revealing to be unable of raising awareness and increasing stakeholders’ empowerment, often failing to improve positive relationships with consumers. In this study, the digitally co-created CSR activities will be explored using a more general approach, which will also take into consideration these philanthropic activities, i.e. the activities where companies invite stakeholders to participate in the resolution of a social issue but without asking them to buy the brand’s products. Moreover, in the present study, interactivity and freedom of cause' choices are both believed to be two mechanisms that play a key role in generating more empowered stakeholders, with increased propensity for participating in co-created CSR initiatives. Therefore, it is important to analyse digitally co-created CSR activities since it may represent a major opportunity for organizations to add value and meaning to stakeholders (and even for society at large), where the two parties work together to solve a social issue.
Theoretical development
The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD, 1999) defined Corporate Social Responsibility as the “continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large.” Although previous findings regarding the financial implications of CSR might have been ambiguous, there is an increasingly acceptance about the positive outcomes these activities have in building brand equity, brand image (Esmaeilpour & Barjoei, 2016), in improving reputation, trust and loyalty among consumers (Stanaland et al., 2011) and in the willingness consumers have to purchase and possibly even paying higher prices for products of firms with more CSR engagement (Servaes & Tamayo, 2013). Additionally, with consumers’ and other stakeholders’ (e.g., employees, channel partners, regulators) increasing expectations that organizations should behave in socially responsible ways (Mishra & Modi, 2016), CSR has become an integral part of business practice over the last years, with many firms dedicating a section of their annual reports and corporate websites to CSR activities (Servaes & Tamayo, 2013). Arrillaga-Andreessen (2016) notes that the new generations seem to have social consciousness embedded in their DNA. They are united in wanting to do more than acquire material riches and measure success by their ability to transform the lives of others. Their question is not “What do I want to be when I grow up?” but “How will the world be different because I lived in it?”. In Euromonitor’s Top 10 Global Consumer Trends for 2015, Consumer Trends Consultant Daphne Kasriel-Alexander states that consumption is increasingly being driven by the heart: consumers are making choices defined by their positive impact on the world and community. Despite the strong interest in CSR activities, particularly in its outcomes, in firms’ value and branding, there is yet little research and empirical studies regarding the effects of these activities in a social media context. This exploratory research aims to fill this gap, by focusing on the branding outcomes a CSR activity can generate while communicated in Social Networking Sites (SNS) and using participatory approaches. Some researchers already found it questionable how stakeholder dialogue and engagement through corporate websites and CSR reports are accomplished and if they necessarily lead to greater stakeholder participation (Chaudhri, 2016). Thus, one of the research objectives is to examine if using a participatory CSR activity in social media rather than (or, at least, combined with) the traditional approach of communicating CSR performance on firms´ annual reports can generate greater outcomes for brands, especially by testing if these activities can raise awareness, increase participation and empowerment levels. Some authors (Du et al., 2010) found two key challenges regarding CSR communication: the first one is the need for higher levels of awareness, as several researchers already found that a company can only benefit, enhance critical branding outcomes and even increase firm value through CSR activities if it has a high advertising intensity. These activities have low or negative impact on firm value for firms with low advertising intensity, sometimes with costs outweighing the benefits, as the lack of customer awareness about CSR activities represents a major limiting factor for their ability to respond to such activities (Servaes & Tamayo, 2013). Thus, Sen et al. (2006) argue that to reap the positive benefits of CSR, companies need to work harder at raising awareness levels. Although not every firm might experience high levels of awareness (since not every organization can support high advertisement intensity or already have strong branding), this research responds to the call for further research by “exploring channels available for dissemination of CSR activities” (Servaes & Tamayo, 2013:1059), in particular, the social media channels, and by providing new research on “the extent to which these new social and communicative arrangements are being realized by organizations and stakeholders and the attendant implications for CSR communication”, as it currently represents an “evolving area of investigation” (Chaudri, 2016, p.422). Therefore, once it is recommended that companies work on increasing CSR awareness levels, social media sites, such as Facebook, can be powerful channels not only due to its popularity and vast audience reach at a much lower cost, but also due to the opportunities consumers’ word-of-mouth can create (Du, Bhattacharya, & Sen., 2010). The second challenge is concerned with minimizing stakeholder scepticism. Stakeholders quickly become suspicious of the CSR motives when companies aggressively promote their CSR efforts (Du, Bhattacharya, & Sen, 2010). Communicating CSR is a very delicate matter. It requires a certain sensitivity and balance, where organizations face the paradox of demonstrating social responsibility without communicating it blatantly, and being simultaneously credible, informative, and engaging (Chaudri, 2016). There’s also no room for inconsistencies, as CSR is all about being selfless and charitable, the need for transparency and honesty is a must, since on one hand, these activities can have a backlash effect if stakeholders become suspicious and perceive predominantly extrinsic motives in companies’ social initiatives (i.e. when the company is seen as attempting to increase its profits) and, on the other hand, stronger attributions to genuine concern are likely to be associated with more positive reactions towards the company, both internally and behaviourally (Sen et al., 2006). Kesavan et al. (2013) also found that social media is increasingly perceived by consumers as a more trustworthy source of CSR information than traditional media tools (e.g., TV and advertising). Based on above argumentation we formulate:
H1: Online co-created CSR activities have greater potential for raising awareness than the traditional communication channels.
H2: Online participatory CSR activities can increase consumers’ empowerment levels.
Research design
Globally, the questionnaire is composed of 28 questions, separated into three sections. The first section is composed by 14 questions that measured social networking usage, current CSR awareness levels, general use of the traditional CSR communication channels, current level of control felt by respondents towards CSR activities, the empowerment felt after companies adding cause choice freedom and respondents’ attitudes towards the effectiveness and outcomes of participatory CSR initiatives. The second section of the questionnaire consists in 10 questions regarding a real CSR initiative, implemented in March 2016, by one of the biggest Portuguese retailers - Continente. After a brief contextualization, the questions measured activity recall rate, participation rate, reasons to (or not to) participate, WoM dissemination rate (or propensity), perception of brand image after the initiative and attitudes towards online co-created CSR initiatives (acceptance levels). The third and last section contained 4 questions regarding socio-demographic measures, namely: nationality, age, gender and educational level. The launch of the questionnaire comprises two stages: for the first stage, it is prepared a pre-test of the questionnaire, which was the pillar for the second and main stage: the online questionnaire. Pre-testing is a method to evaluate in advance if a questionnaire causes misunderstandings, ambiguities, or other difficulties with instrument items to respondents, helping researchers minimizing future errors. During the pre-test stage, a total of 10 people is selected to be monitored while responding to the first draft of the questionnaire. This stage provided important insights about each one of the questions previously elaborated, allowing for reviewing and refining them, as well as adding more questions that revealed to be relevant for the study. As for the second stage, the online questionnaire was launched in social networks - Facebook, Instagram and LinkedIn - and in an international forum - Reddit, from 18th of June of 2017 to 01th of August of 2017.
Results and conclusions
Findings from 322 valid responses provide clear evidence that co-creating socially responsible activities in social media can indeed increase not only the awareness for such actions, but also increase empowerment, participation levels, positive word-of-mouth dissemination, and reinforce consumer-brand ties in the process. Currently, individuals feel very low control regarding the process and the outcomes of CSR initiatives, and that by providing interactivity experiences and adding freedom of cause choice, organizations can increase stakeholders’ empowerment levels, consequently enhancing participation, one of the dimensions of consumer engagement. Online users are starting to connect with their preferred brands in social media and are demanding interactive experiences. Although SNS presents many opportunities for brands to guarantee that they remain relevant to its consumers and other stakeholders, the findings imply that social media remains unexplored as a CSR communication channel by organizations. Considering that the traditional communicating channels used to inform shareholders about these initiatives have a very low adherence by the general public and that they are failing to provide more awareness to CSR activities, brand managers need to devise different strategies for the optimal communication of these initiatives in new channels, which have higher potential to result not only in improved attitudes and brand image, but also in the increased intent of stakeholders to commit personal resources (e.g., money, time, etc.) to the benefit of the company, in a near future. Even for the users who do not follow brands in their SNS, for example, companies can still use SNS tools such as targeted posts (i.e. promoted posts that appear in target users’ feed), to ensure that their awareness and relevance levels remains significant, especially when companies are seeking for users with specific interests.
The aim of this study is to investigate the awareness and satisfaction level of school meal services by elementary school students and their parents. Approximately 97.2% of student-subjects have agreed on the necessity of a free meal service for school lunch; 44.3% of student-subjects voiced the need to provide free meal services in order to eliminate discrimination of low-income students. Over one-third of student-subjects (36.7%) cited nutrition as the main benefit of providing a free meal service. The majority of parent-subjects (95.1%) have recognized the need for a free meal service in school; approximately 37.3% of parent-subjects responded to need the free meal service in order to eliminate the discrimination of impoverished students. Both student- and parent-subjects expressed a high level of satisfaction with the quality of ingredients and the type of soup/nutrition provided. Student-subjects insisted on better food hygiene and a new menu, but cited the noisy cafeteria as a problem associated with school meal services. In addition, approximately 56.5% of student-subjects responded to the need for nutritional education in school. Parent-subjects were primarily concerned with hygiene regarding the preparation of school meal services, noting the temperature of foods as the biggest problem in school meal services. The majority of parent-subjects (88.1%) responded to the need for the nutritional education in school. Results of this survey indicate that school meal services can be improved by increasing menu options and increasing food hygiene.
This study examined the potential of export items in Malaysia by investigating the awareness and preference for Korean food products. A high potential product list developed from the literature, included reports about the food export status in Korea and Malaysian food trends. An online survey was carried out with 600 consumers in Malaysia. With 435 valid responses, the average awareness of the Korean food products was 3.13, and the preference was 3.48 on a 5-point scale. The awareness and preference of Korean food products were higher in the 20s-30s group than in the older groups. In particular, the Muslim group had a higher awareness for ‘ramyon’ than the other groups, and the Buddhist group had a higher preference for ‘ginseng beverage’ than the other groups. The most well-known and preferred products were ramyon, hot noodles, kimchi, biscuits, fruits & vegetable beverage, and sauce (with Korean traditional sauce)’. Based on these results, the marketing implications of the study findings are discussed.
본 연구는 예비보육교사들의 STEAM 교육에 대한 인식 특성을 알아보기 위해 보육관련학과에 재학 중인 2, 3학년 예비보육교사를 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 최종 118명의 설문을 분석하였으며, 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, STEAM 교육에 대해 들어본 경험이 있는 학생에 비해 들어본 경험이 없는 학생의 비율이 더 높았으며, STEAM 교육이 필요하다고 응답한 학생은 전체응답자의 65.3%였다. 둘째, STEAM 교육을 위해 필요한 교사자질과 역할에 대한 인식정도에서는 4가지 교사자질(누리과정과 연계해서 교육 활동을 구성, 기존의 통합교육과 구별할 수 있는 이해력, STEAM 각 영역에 대한 전문적인 지식, 관심과 의지)과 5가지 교사역할(도전적 과제 제시자, 학문적 지지자, 활동 참여 촉진자, 평가자, 자기 역할 설정자) 모두에서 보육실습경험이 있는 학생들이 보육실습경험이 없는 학생들에 비해 더 중요하다고 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, STEAM 교육을 위한 예비교사교육 내용의 중요도와 보유도, 요구도를 비교한 결과, 중요도에서는 8가지 모든 상위범주에서 두 집단 간에 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 보유도에서는 2가지 상위범주에서만 집단 간 유의한 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 교육 내용에 대한 요구도에서는 보육실습경험이 있는 집단의 경우 주로 실제적인 STEAM 수업 설계 및 실행 능력에 대한 요구도가 가장 높은 반면, 보육실습경험이 없는 집단의 경우 STEAM 에 대한 지식적인 측면에 대한 요구도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로, 본 연구는 4차 산업혁명 시대를 준비하는 교사로서의 역량을 갖추기 위해 예비보육교사들에게 새로운 지식 및 정보를 지속적으로 제공받을 수 있는 교육환경이 필요함을 시사한다.
As a result of reviewing various documents and existing researches, since the late Goryeo period, the most active period in the Ondol(溫突, Korean floor heating system) facilities is the 17th century. The phenomenological reason was recovering the buildings destroyed by the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592(壬辰倭亂]) & the Manchu War of 1636(丙子胡亂), but the underlying cause was an abnormal climate in which a pair of summer and winter cold continued.
In the 17th century, as the Ondol facilities grew rapidly without distinction between regions and classes, the supply and demand of fuel caused economic and natural environmental problems. And a negative and positive view on Ondol was suggested. Since the middle of the 18th century, when the demand and supply of Ondol reached its peak, which could no longer increase, a new awareness of Ondol began to grow. The room was called the Panbang(板房)and the Ondol, depending on the material that made up the floor. It was considered natural to have the Ondol from this time on. The Incan(□火間) and Jo(竈) that were made to burn were started to be recorded as a kitchen, regardless of size and function.
Changes in social awareness of Ondol have led to concerns about heating efficiency. A variety of architectural explorations were conducted. Such a search was later realized in concrete architectural form. There is a double Ondoll structure, and the column spacing is reduced compared to the previous one. The heat buffer space is formed around the Ondol room, and the double window can control the light and the air going in and out.
Aircraft landing is a complex and challenging flight phase in which pilots are required to allocate attention efficiently to the surrounding environment. A comprehensive understanding of pilot situation awareness (SA) is needed for successful landing. This study was to predict pilot SA during landing using eye tracking data. The experiments were carried out with 5 repetitive simulated landings for four expert and four novice pilots using eye tracking equipment. Three eye tracking features (visit frequency, dwell time ratio, scan path entropy) were developed for reflecting three level of SA model (perception, comprehension, projection). Prediction of SA was performed by developing multiple regression model. Visit frequency of expert pilots was 138%, 47%, 85%, 67%, 117%, and 91% higher than novice pilots in RPM, VVI, altimeter, heading, airspeed, and attitude areas of interest (AOIs) respectively; while 50% and 33% lower in runway and outside AOIs respectively. Dwell time ratio of expert pilots was 38% and 42% higher than novice pilots in runway and outside AOIs respectively; while 62%, 62%, and 65% lower in altimeter, airspeed, and attitude AOIs respectively. Scan path entropy of expert pilots was 33% higher than novice pilots in outside AOI; while 29% lower in attitude AOI. Coefficient of determination for the prediction model for SA was 80.6%. The results of this study can be used as objective data of strategy establishment or training feedback for novice pilots.
변화하는 사회에 따라 디자인 과정에서도 사용자의 참여를 요구하는 참여디자인이 증가하지만, 실제 디자인개발에서 발생하는 문제 개선이나 참여디자인의 효과를 나타내는 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 이에 사용자 현장을 중심으로 한 참여디자인을 통해 참여자의 의식변화 측면에서 효과를 확인하고자, 본 연구에서는 농촌의 농특산물 직거래판매시설을 대상으로 이해관계자 모두가 참여한 참여디자인 프로그램을 통해 참여자 의식변화를 조사하여 현장중심의 참여디자인 효과를 확인하였다. 먼저 문헌고찰 통해 참여디자인의 이해와 연구동향을 살핀 다음 효과분석을 위한 효과 검증모델을 활용하여 설문 문항을 개발하고, 참여디자인 프로그램의 디자인워크숍을 구성하여 이를 현장에 적용하였다. 효과를 분석하기 위한 참여자 의식변화 조사는 프로그램의 사전과 사후에 동기, 지식, 인식, 기능, 참여의 영역에서 디자인전공자를 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하고, 개방형 질문에서 추가로 결과를 보완하여 참여디자인의 효과를 파악하였다. 그 결과, 참여디자인 프로그램을 통해 참여자들은 직거래판매시설에 대한 지식과 기능의 영역에서 효과가 있었고, 참여디 자인의 결과에 높은 만족감과 공동 작업의 중요성을 느끼는 것으로 나타났으며, 운영과정에서는 농촌의 현장특성에 맞게 프로그램의 충분한 일정계획 마련과 원활한 디자인 작업을 위한 환경조성이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.
목적 : 본 연구는 일반 대중들을 대상으로 작업치료에 대한 인지도 조사를 실시하여 국내 작업치료 인지도 현실을 파악하고 이에 따른 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 광주・전남지역의 인구 밀집지역에서 불특정 일반 대중을 무작위 선정하여 설문조사에 동의한 2,980명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 설문은 먼저 피설문자에게 작업치료에 대해 들어보았거나 알고 있다고 대답한 경우 다음 설문을 진행하고 모르겠다고 대답한 경우에는 설문자가 조사용지에 체크한 후 설문을 종료하였다. 설문내용은 작업치료에 대한 일반적인 인지도 4문항과 작업치료 필요성 4문항으로 구성하여 배포 및 회수하였다. 자료 분석은 설문에 불성실하게 응답한 13부를 제외한 최종 2,967부를 분석하였다. 결과 : 작업치료에 대해 들어보았거나 알고 있다는 응답은 252명(8.5%), 그렇지 않다는 2,715명(91.5%)이었다. 연령대와 직업에 따른 작업치료 인지유무는 통계적으로 유의한 차이(p<.001)를 보였으며 인지한다고 응답한 252명 중 20대(28.6%)와 학생(41.7%)의 인지도가 다른 군에 비해 높았다. 작업치료가 우리생활에 필요한지에 대해서는 215명(85.3%)이 필요하다고 응답하였으며 향후 작업치료의 전망에 대해서는 5점 척도에서 평균 3.73±.75점으로 상당히 높은 평가결과를 보였다. 결론 : 본 연구결과 최근 작업치료분야가 예전에 비해 점차 확대되고 있는 상황이지만 아직까지는 인지도가 낮음을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과가 향후 작업치료 인지도 개선을 위한 방향설정과 인지도 제고를 위한 정책수립의 기초자료로 유용하게 활용될 것을 희망한다.
This study examined the sweet taste perception, perception of sugar reduction, and utilization of nutrition labeling according to the awareness of the self-perceived sugar intake reduction of university students in Chungbuk Area. The subjects (n=419) were divided into two groups: Awareness of Sugar Intake Reduction (ASIR) group, male=110, female=109; Non Awareness of Sugar Intake Reduction (NASIR) group, male=115, female=85. The overweight/obesity was significantly higher in the ASIR group than in the NASIR group for both male and female students. The sweet taste perception was significantly lower in the ASIR group in male students than in the NASIR group. The purchase level of a product with reduced sugar instead of the original products was significantly higher in the ASIR group in male students than the NASIR group. Beverage purchases after identifying the sugar content were significantly higher in the ASIR group in male students than in the NASIR group. The necessity of nutrition labeling education was significantly higher in the ASIR group both male and female students. Based on these results, the correct perception of sugar reduction and continuous and practical nutrition education of sugar intake reduction need to maintain healthy dietary habits in university students.
목적 : 본 연구는 국내 임상에 있는 작업치료사를 대상으로 클라이언트와의 치료적 관계와 자신의 치료적 사용에 대한 인식 및 경험을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 2017년 6월부터 7월까지 국내 작업치료사 237명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문지는 일반적 특성, 자신의 치료적 사용에 대한 인식수준, 학습 경험, 클라이언트의 행동이 치료적 관계에 미치 는 영향, 치료적 관계가 치료사에게 미치는 영향으로 구성되었고 4점 척도를 사용하였다. 결과 : 98.8%와 97.5%의 작업치료사가 클라이언트와의 치료적 관계와 자신의 치료적 사용이 중요하다고 인식하고 있지만, 13.9%가 임상에서 전략적으로 활용하지 못하고 교육경험이 부족하다고 하였다. 치료 적 관계에서 치료에 대한 열정이 없거나 비현실적인 기대를 하는 경우, 자존감이 낮은 클라이언트를 가장 힘들다고 하였고, 98.7%가 자주 클라이언트와 즐겁게 상호작용한다고 하였다. 결론 : 본 연구는 차후 치료적 관계와 자신의 치료적 사용에 대한 국내 연구의 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이고, 추후에는 다양한 영향요소와의 관련성에 관한 연구와 특정 질환 및 상황에서의 자신의 치료적 사용 전략에 관한 경험적 연구가 필요할 것이다.
목적 : 이 설문 연구는 안경사법에 대한 일반소비자 집단의 인식도를 조사하고, 그로부터 안경사법을 입 법하기 위한 효과적인 입법 전략을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 방법 : 2016년 5월부터 8월까지 서울 지역에서 일반인 200 명을 상대로 무작위 1대1 대면 설문조사를 실 시하고 그 결과를 시력교정 경험자와 미경험자 집단으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 일반 소비자 집단의 안경원법에 대한 인식도는 매우 낮은 편이었으며, 그로 인하여 안경사법에 대 한 찬반 의견이나 안경사법의 통과 가능성을 묻는 설문에도 ‘모르겠다’는 중립적 답변이 매우 많았다. 안경 사법이 통과되기 어려운 이유와 그에 대한 해결 방법을 묻는 설문에서는, ‘안과의사들의 반대’와 ‘국민적 합 의 미흡’을 이유로 답하고 해결 방법도 ‘안과의사들과의 합의’와 ‘국민적 합의 제고’라고 응답한 비율이 높았 다. 안경사의 타각적 굴절검사가 허용되면 수용하겠다는 긍정적인 답변이 60%를 넘었으며, 안경사의 타각 적 굴절검사는 의료행위가 아닌 광학적 측정이라는 답변 또한 높은 응답률을 기록하였다. 결론 : 안경사법의 입법 과정에서 일반 소비자들의 낮은 인식도가 큰 걸림돌로 작용하고 있음을 알 수 있 었다. 안경사법의 입법을 위해서는 일반인을 대상으로 하는 홍보를 강화하고, 안과의사 집단과의 합의에 주 력하는 것이 가장 효과적인 방법임을 설문 결과로부터 유추할 수 있다. 일반 소비자 집단은 타각적 굴절검사 가 의료행위라는 인식이 약하고 안경사의 타각적 굴절검사 수용에 적극적이므로, 안경사법의 내용에 대한 대국민 홍보가 강화된다면 안경사법의 입법 과정에 크게 기여할 수 있으리라 예상된다.
The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for development of a recipe for muslim-friendly halal Korean foods through investigation of awareness of Korean foods, taste evaluation, and menu preferences. After Korean foods’ menu range and standard were set up for the survey and in-depth interviews with three halal food experts were conducted, 35 kinds of halal Korean foods were examined. The present study conducted a survey on 205 foreign Muslims living in Jeonjusi, Jeonbuk and Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi who ate Korean foods. Foreign Muslims were male workers in their 20’s residing in company housing, and their monthly mean income was 1.01~2 million KRW. The majority of subjects responded that meal problems were the most difficult in everyday life. Concerning the taste of Korean foods, the response rate of ‘sweet’ and ‘spicy’ was high while ‘Korean food is healthy’ and ‘Korean food ingredients is fresh’ were high for awareness of Korean foods. ‘Bulgogi’ was the most preferred among the selected Korean foods, which was in line with the results of previous research. There is a need to provide information on Korean foods that can be made with food ingredients certified as halal and their recipes through various media for foreign Muslims who have limitations on in meals due to religious factors.
Chinese characters are materials of Chinese poems in Vietnam, including three main factors: configuration, sound, and meaning. Among those factors, generally configuration and meaning were borrowed from the Chinese while the Sino-Vietnamese sound has been developed since the linguistic acculturation of Vietnamese to Chinese language. Chinese configuration with cultural insides shown in non-numerical configuration has contributed hidden values to the works. Ideograph characteristic of this writing system generates emblems with deep cultural dimension. Analyzing Chinese character configuration is to get more understanding on the meaning of the word and to understand different hidden meanings of the word. The expressions shown on character configuration become a tightly connected system, increasing expressional value for the work and creating artistic messages. Sino-Vietnamese sound of the Chinese works in Vietnam still preserves the characteristics of similarity, prosody, and rules of ancient poetry. Comparing Sino-Vietnamese sound and Vernacular Chinese sound, we will see that, in many cases, Sino-Vietnamese sound (related to audio-track) preserves the characteristics of similarity, prosody, and rules of ancient poetry but the Vernacular Chinese sound may not. Rules on tone bring up beautiful poetry feelings of an era with distinct features. In understanding the meaning of non-numerical scripts, we care about the synonyms with slightly different meanings, which create specific values for poetry works. Chinese words with the same radical can be connected as far as their meanings go, transferring values that readers can discover based on those connections. Multiple meaning words directly contribute to the multi layers of the different layer of meaning in literature works. In general, readers need to be aware of configuration, sound, and meaning of Chinese characters in order to understand the values of Chinese poems in Vietnam.
This study investigated the effects of dual coding elucidation on raising learners’ awareness of L2 lexical errors and correct usage. Participants included 135 Korean EFL middle school students assigned to either a single-coding or dual-coding group. The single-coding group studied the incorrect and correct usage of target lexical items under a verbal-code-only condition. The dual-coding group studied the incorrect and correct usage under a verbal-plus-visual-code condition. Participants completed posttests at two intervals: immediately after studying the materials and four weeks later. Analyses revealed that dual coding elucidation had significant positive effects on facilitating learners’ awareness of lexical errors and correct usage; these effects remained over time. The results also indicated no significant correlations between learning style and the effectiveness of visuals. Qualitative data demonstrated that students perceived visuals as being helpful in improving accurate lexical use and their engagement in learning vocabulary. The article concludes by discussing the facilitative role of visual encoding in L2 lexical knowledge development, thus expanding on the dual coding theory.
This study identified fashion consumers disposal behavior and analyzed the effects of consumers pursuing values in disposal, environmental awareness, and sustainable fashion consumption attitudes in regards to fashion disposal behavior. A survey questionnaire was developed and data were obtained from 460 consumers in their 20's to 50's in Korea who had experienced fashion disposal behaviors during last 12 months. As a result, there were four different fashion disposal behaviors such as economical, practical, and social disposal as well as hoarding behaviors. Consumers pursuing values in disposal affected fashion disposal behavior. Practical and economical values had positively impacted economical disposal and hoarding behaviors. While hedonic value had a negative impact on economical disposal behavior, it had a positive impact on social disposal behavior. Also, environmental-social values had positively impacted practical and social disposal behaviors. Fashion-related environmental knowledge had positively impacted economical and practical disposal behaviors and PCE affected social disposal behavior, while environmental concerns had a negative impact on economical disposal behavior. Consumers attitude toward usedfashion items, fashion recycling, and fashion innovativeness affected all of fashion disposal behaviors. Although hoarding behavior has been an under researched area, the finding implied that hoarding behavior was affected by consumer's pursuing value in disposal and sustainable consumption attitude. Also, environmental-social values and attitudes toward used-fashion items would induce practical disposal behavior such as reuse by alteration or reform. Consumers economical and hedonic values can promote donations or exchange/resale of unwanted fashion items, which can lead to sustainable consumption.
Morphological competence plays an important role in extending one’s vocabulary in grammatical context. This study is to explore the developmental distribution of English grammatical morphemes appearing in elementary English textbooks. To this end, the study developed grammatical morpheme recognition and elicitation tests based on the bilingual syntax measurement (BSM). The tests are given to 114 fifth graders and 126 sixth graders across small, medium and metropolitan cities. The students were stratified into high, mid and low English ability groups by their English achievement scores. The result shows that English grammatical morpheme awareness was positively correlated with students’ English ability. The grammatical morphological development of Korean students was more in alignment with that of English learners as a foreign language than that of native speakers. Pedagogical implications are provided at the end of the paper.