PURPOSES: Until now, the maintenance of road pavement has mostly involved passive maintenance methods with full maintenance only performed at the end of road life. Recently, there has been growing interest in solving the problem of reflection cracks that occur at joints during application of the overlay method of old concrete pavement. This study was aimed at solving the problem of reflective cracks around expansion joints and at evaluating the durability performance of pavement with interlayer reinforced-composites waterproofing system for concrete overlay. METHODS: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of an interlayer on prevention of reflection cracks and to improve the tensile, compressive, shear, and vertical stresses due to plastic deformation and vehicle cyclic loading. An integrated overlaying layer (5cm or 8cm) was used to evaluate the applicability according to objective indicators. RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS : It was confirmed that cracks did not occur in the section of the line overlaid by the interlayer and that the reflection cracks generated by the action of the lower layer sufficiently absorbed the horizontal movement of the asphalt 5cm pavement overlay. It also suppressed, or at least delayed, the progress of the vertical cracks. The interlayer reinforced composite membrane waterproofing method used in the packing layer, showed through repeated fatigue test results that the accumulated fatigue crack resistance was greater than 120,000 times.

국내 가동원전 중 2-루프 가압경수로인 고리1호기는 약 40년 운전한 후, 2017년 6월 18일 영구정지되었다. 영구정지된 고리 1호기는 주요 해체작업을 수행하기전에 계통내 선량률을 저감시켜 작업자피폭을 최소화하기 위한 계통제염을 수행할 예정이다. 일반적으로, 계통제염 범위는 원자로압력용기, 가압기, 증기발생기, 화학 및 체적제어계통, 잔열제거계통 및 원자로 냉각재계통 주요배관을 포함한다. 이러한 계통 및 기기 등을 효율적으로 제염하기 위해서는 제염과정에서 원자로냉각재계 통내 유동특성을 평가할 필요가 있다. 계통제염을 위해 순환유량을 제공하는 방법은 다양하나, 본 논문에서는 잔열제거펌프 운전에 따른 고리1호기 원자로냉각재계통내 유동특성을 평가하였다. 잔열제거펌프를 이용한 계통제염은 원자로냉각재 내 유량의 불균형을 초래하여 계통내 기기 및 배관 등에 불순물을 침적시켜 제염이 효율적이지 않다는 것으로 평가되었다.

A base isolation system is widely used to reduce seismic responses of low-rise buildings. This system cannot be effectively applied to high-rise buildings because the initial stiffness of the high-rise building with the base isolation system maintains almost the same as the building without the base isolation system to set the yield shear force of the base isolation system larger than the design wind load. To solve this problem, the mid-story isolation system was proposed and applied to many buildings. The mid-story isolation system has two major objectives; first to reduce peak story drift and second to reduce peak drift of the isolation story. Usually, these two objectives are in conflict. In this study, a hybrid mid-story isolation system for a tall building is proposed. A MR (magnetorheological) damper was used to develop the hybrid mid-story isolation system. An existing building with mid-story isolation system, that is “Shiodome Sumitomo Building” a high rise building having a large atrium in the lower levels, was used for control performance evaluation of the hybrid mid-story isolation system. Fuzzy logic controller and genetic algorithm were used to develop the control algorithm for the hybrid mid-story isolation system. It can be seen from analytical results that the hybrid mid-story isolation system can provide better control performance than the ordinary mid-story isolation system and the design process developed in this study is useful for preliminary design of the hybrid mid-story isolation system for a tall building.

In recent years, maintaining transparency has become a trend among brands, and a better level of supply chain transparency has been demonstrated to positively affect consumer environmental concern and conscious behavior. Consumers may accept transparency efforts as a signal of the brand goodwill and perceive it as a visibly sustainable effort that can convert brand trust. In the information transparency trend, eco-certification plays an important role as a tool to inform consumers about sustainability. However, facing large amounts of information, consumers spend much time filtering information, so the accuracy of the obtained information can be compromised. The Higg index is a sustainable verification platform that reveals the entire activities of supply chains. However, most consumers are facing an overload of information that could confuse their processing of any information. In this context, the present study seeks to examine the effect of business transparency to conscious consumer behavior and purchase intention. Second, this study deals with the moderating effects of sustainable knowledge on the relationship between business transparency, environmental concern, and brand trust. Third, we explore the effects of high and low level of consume knowledge of sustainability on the relationship between business transparency and brand trust. In terms of the methodology used in the present study, an off-line survey of Korean consumers was conducted. SPSS 21.0 was used for data analysis aiming to test the proposed model and research hypothesis. The mains results of this study are as follows. First, business transparency has a positive effect on environmental concern, brand trust, and consumer willingness to conscious behavior. Second, consumer sustainable knowledge has a moderating effect on business transparency for environmental concern and brand trust. Taken together, the findings of the present study provide meaningful implications for marketers by highlighting the importance of transparency and introduction of a transparent eco-certification for communication with consumers. To successfully influence consumer willingness to assume conscious behavior, brands are advised to provide standardized transparency labels, rather than complicated information.

SUS hexagonal bar has been widely used to make many kinds of hexagonal bolt/nuts and fittings. Peeling machine is used to make lustrous and clean surface of SUS circular bar in order to remove rust and impurities from surface of raw SUS circular bar. Similarly, roll unit system is used to make SUS hexagonal bar from SUS circular bar with lustrous and clean surface. Roll unit system is mainly divided into two parts ; one is roll unit and the other is mold frame. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the structural stability of mold frame supporting roll unit with numerical analysis. As the numerical analysis result, higher structural stability was gradually shown in order of models 4, 2, 3 and 1. It was considered that the structural stability of this study was influenced by the decrease of mold frame size, especially height decrease.

The outrigger damper system is a structural system with excellent lateral resistance when a wind load occurs. However, research on outrigger dampers is still in its infancy. In this study, dynamic response control performance of damper is analyzed according to change of stiffness value and damping value of damper. To do this, a real-scale 3D model of 50 stories has been developed and the artificial wind load has been entered for dynamic analysis. Generally, the larger the damping value, the smaller the stiffness value is, the more effective it is to reduce the maximum displacement and acceleration response. However, the larger the attenuation value as the cost of construction increases, it is necessary to select appropriate stiffness and damping value when applying an outrigger damper.

Three CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) models of GoogLeNet, VGGNet, and Alexnet were evaluated to select the best deep learning based image analysis mothod that can detect pavement distresses of pothole, spalling, and punchout on expressway. Education data was obtained using pavement surface images of 11,056km length taken by Gopro camera equipped with an expressway patrol car. Also, deep learning framework of Caffe developed by Berkeley Vision and Learning Center was evaluated to use the three CNN models with other frameworks of Tensorflow developed by Google, and CNTK developed by Microsoft. After determing the optimal CNN model applicable for the distress detection, the analyzed images and corresponding GPS locations, distress sizes (greater than distress length of 150mm), required repair material quantities are trasmitted to local maintenance office using LTE wireless communication system through ICT center in Korea Expressway Corporation. It was found out that the GoogLeNet, AlexNet, and VGG-16 models coupled with the Caffe framework can detect pavement distresses by accuracy of 93%, 86%, and 72%, respectively. In addition to four distress image groups of cracking, spalling, pothole, and punchout, 22 different image groups of lane marking, grooving, patching area, joint, and so on were finally classified to improve the distress detection rate.

In this study, The recent national interest is focused on the welfare of the people, and new projects in the construction sector are being reduced, and the aging of infrastructure is not getting attention. In domestic case, most of the infrastructures were built in the 1970s to 1980s, and the road extension is also steadily increasing. Therefore, the costs to bridge maintenance from around 2010 by a similar route to that of advanced countries are also 4 times And it is time to pay attention to maintenance as well as construction. Therefore, a study was carried out on the valuation method considering bridge condition evaluation, which is a part of BIM library building and assembly program development. The proposed value evaluation method will be used as an index of the existence of bridges by comparing the cost required for maintenance and reinforcement of the target bridges and the costs required for dismantling and disposal in the bridge management system of the future program

As the number of high-rise buildings increases, a mid-story isolation system has been proposed for high-rise buildings. Due to structural problems, an appropriate isolation layer displacement is required for an isolation system. In this study, the mid-story isolation system was designed and the seismic response of the structure was investigated by varying the yield strength and the horizontal stiffness of the seismic isolation system. To do this, a model with an isolation layer at the bottom of 15th floor of a 20-story building was used as an example structure. Kobe(1995) and Nihonkai-Chubu(1983) earthquake are used as earthquake excitations. The yield strength and the horizontal stiffness of the seismic isolation system were varied to determine the seismic displacement and the story drift ratio of the structure. Based on the analytical results, as the yield strength and horizontal stiffness increase, the displacement of the isolation layer decreases. The story drift ratio decreases and then increases. The displacement of the isolation layer and the story drift ratio are inversely proportional. Increasing the displacement of the isolation layer to reduce the story drift ratio can cause the structure to become unstable. Therefore, an engineer should choose the appropriate yield strength and horizontal stiffness in consideration of the safety and efficiency of the structure when a mid-story isolation system for a high-rise building is designed.

본 연구에서는 기존외장재로 사용되고 있는 알루미늄 커튼월시스템을 대신할 수 있는 공법으로, 유리를 지지하는 케이블에 초기장력을 도입하여 건축외장재에 작용되는 풍하중을 효과적으로 지지할 수 있는 케이블월 시스템을 제안하였다. 고층건축물 기준층 에 적용할 수 있는 상하로 연결된 수직 일방향 케이블시스템에 케이블의 초기장력과 설계하중에 대한 변위를 예측할 수 있도록 구조 해석과 실물크기의 실험을 통해 케이블월 시스템의 구조성능을 평가하였다. 구조설계 프로그램인 MIDAS-Gen을 이용하여 케이블의 초기장력 및 구조거동을 해석하였고, 구조실험에 나타난 최대 처짐 값은 케이블구조 국제허용 처짐인 AAMA 조건에도 만족한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 구조해석을 통해 나타난 결과 값이 실제 외장재 크기에 동일한 하중조건으로 작용한 구조실험 결과 값과 거의 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과로, 제안된 케이블월 시스템을 건축외장재에 사용할 경우 구조성능은 충분히 확보될 뿐 만 아니라 개방성이 확보되고 시공이 간편하여 공사비용을 절감시킬 것으로 예상된다.

It is necessary to develop a mobile water production system in order to provide stable water supply in case of disasters such as floods or earthquakes. In this study, we developed a modular mobile water production system capable of producing water for various uses such as domestic water and drinking water while improving applicability in various raw water sources. The water production system consists of three stages of filtration (sand filtration - activated carbon filtration - pressure filtration) to produce domestic water and an additional reverse osmosis process to produce drinking water. In laboratory and field experiments, the domestic water production system showed excellent treatment efficiency for particulate matter, but showed limitations in the treatment of dissolved substances such as dissolved organic matter. In addition, ultraviolet irradiation was considered as additional disinfection step, because it does not form precipitates of manganese oxides after disinfection. Reverse osmosis process was added to increase the removal efficiency of dissolved substances and the treated water satisfied drinking water quality standards. Fluorescence analysis of dissolved organic matter showed that the fulvic acid-like substances in raw water was successfully removed in the reverse osmosis process. The mobile water production system developed in this study is expected to be used not only in water supply in case of disaster, but also widely used in islands and rural area.

번식기 조류 조사(Breeding Bird surveys)는 생태계 내 군집 구조와 기능 그리고 생물다양성 보전을 위한 중요한 기초 자료를 제공한다. 최근 기후변화 등에 따른 생물다양성이 급변함에 따라 산림성 조류조사 데이터의 정확성 및 공간적인 확대와 시계열적 모니터링을 위해 음향 센서 등의 활용이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 조류 음성을 녹음한 데이터와 현장 조류조사 자료를 비교 분석하여 번식시기 산림성 조류의 군집 다양성 평가에 음향 녹음 센서의 활용 가능성을 파악하는 것이다. 2013년 5월 2일부터 16일까지 현장조사 및 녹음을 실시하였으며, 조사 대상지는 점봉산지역의 곰배령과 조침령, 그리고 소백산지역의 죽령과 고치령 구간으로 총 4개 권역 48개 지역, 186개 지점이었다. 녹음결과를 이용하여 현장조사에 의한 조류군집지수와의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 녹음에 의한 조류 종의 수와 개체수, 울음소리 횟수는 현장조사에 의한 조류의 종의 수, 개체수와 유의미한 상관관계가 있었지만, 녹음에 의한 조류 종의 수와 음성의 횟수는 현장조사(관측과 청음 병행)에서의 종다양도, 종풍부도와 유의미한 상관관계가 있었지만 종균등도와는 약한 상관관계 혹은 관계가 없음으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 현장에서의 음성녹음 자료를 분석할 경우 조류군집의 종조성과 함께 종다양성을 확인할 수 있었다. 비번식기의 음성녹음에 비하여 번식기의 음성녹음은 녹음결과와 종다양성과의 상관관계에서 보다 신뢰도가 높게 나타났으며 활용가능성이 더 높은 것으로 사료된다.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study was to develop an urgent road-repair system and perform a field applicability test, as well as discover the optimum mix design for machine applications compared to the optimum mix design for lab applications. METHODS: According to reviews of the patent and developed equipment, self-propelled and mix-in-place equipment types are suitable for urgent pavement repair, e.g., potholes and cracks. The machine-application mix design was revised based on the optimum lab-test mix design, and the field application of a spray-injection system was performed on the job site. The mixture from the machine application and lab application was subjected to a wet-track abrasion test and a wheel-tracking test to calibrate the machine application. RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS : This study showed that the binder content could differ for the lab application and the machine application in the same setting. Based on the wet-track abrasion test result, the binder contents of the machine application exceeded the binder contents of the lab application by 1-1.5% on the same setting value. Moreover, the maximum dynamic stability value for the machine application showed 1% lower binder contents than the maximum lab-application value. Collectively, the results of the two different tests showed that the different sizes and operating methods of the machine and lab applications could affect the mix designs. Further studies will be performed to verify the bonding strength and monitor the field application.