Landscape performance is an assessment tool to quantitatively evaluate designed landscapes, which allows us to overcome the limitations of qualitative evaluation of ecological restoration projects. The purpose of this study was to develop a landscape performance assessment framework for ecological restoration using systematic reviews. To do this, literature related to landscape performance was systematically reviewed, considering the design intent of an ecological restoration project. Results indicated that the ecological benefits of ‘Water’and ‘Habitats’, the social benefits of ‘Recreational and Social Value’, and the economic benefits of ‘Operation and Maintenance Savings’should be considered first. Based on the results, this study suggests the landscape performance framework for ecological restoration projects. The landscape performance assessment framework can not only develop improvement plans for one ecological restoration project, but also potentially provide a logical basis for assessing other designed landscapes.

Brands motivate consumers to engage in positive, supportive as well as negative, oppositional actions (e.g., Gregoire, Tripp, and Legoux 2009; Lovett, Peres, and Shachar 2013; Wolter 2015). However, although extensive research has been afforded to positive and negative brand-related communication by consumers of a brand (e.g., Baker, Donthu, and Kumar 2016; Berger 2014; Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014; King, Racherla, and Bush 2014), attention on negative brand-related communication by non-consumers is lacking. Yet, brands are constantly subjected to negativity, slander, avoidance, and hate (e.g., Zarantonello et al. 2016) from consumers who are psychologically, behaviorally, and ideologically disconnected from them (Hegner, Fetscherin, and van Delzen 2017). Accordingly, researchers have expounded that it is imperative to investigate – in addition to positive brand outcomes and brand development strategies – negative brand outcomes and brand defense strategies (Veloutsou and Guzman 2017). Responding to such calls, this study focuses on the construct of online brand derision. Online brand derision is conceptualized as the volitional act of avoiding, openly ridiculing, discrediting, or denigrating a brand in the online environment. Correspondingly, drawing from diverse literature streams such as brand-related communication, social identity theory, and social dominance theory, this study develops and tests a framework of the antecedents of brand derision in the online environment. Results from analysis of data gathered from 320 respondents reveal that some consumers are likely to perceive a discord between themselves and the users of a brand, which along with an oppositional self-categorization of the self and the brand, influences hostile cognitive judgments and attitudinal evaluations regarding the brand. Consequently, animosity toward the brand influences online brand derision. The results further indicate support for the moderating effects of consumers’ social dominance orientation and extraversion on brand animosity’s influence on brand derision. Based on the findings, several theoretical and managerial implications as well as directions for future research are offered.

This study investigates an under-developed research area, sports partnership management, to deepen the understanding of the strategic implications derived from a sports club’s partnerships. A relationship perspective to the portfolio framework is employed by considering the complexity of a partnership as the managerial input variable, and the value impact of the partnership as the output variable. It adopts a longitudinal single case study design, allowing aspects of both exploration and explanation through evidence from multiple sources within the organization. The data collection entails a three-phase empirical research process, collecting data from different sources within a professional sports club. Based on a dataset containing two waves of contract data collected in Phase 2 coupled with interviews in Phase 1 and discussions in Phase 3, this research provides three meaningful applications of a partnership portfolio framework. Theoretically, this research provides insights into enhancing the rigor of the operationalization of a portfolio analysis by paying particular attention to the validity of the portfolio framework and its measurement issues. Practically, the study offers a framework for analyzing its partnership portfolio that provides insights into the current status of the portfolio and ways to build, sustain and/or improve the management of their partnerships.

Although many studies have found a positive relationship between learning orientation and performance, there is still a debate in the learning literature that learning-oriented behaviours may be inefficient or even dysfunctional under certain circumstances (Bunderson and Sutcliffe, 2003, March, 1991) when learning without assurance of results can be time-consuming and negatively influence performance (March, 1991). The learning literature shows that whether learning orientation, of any level, can improve or restrain performance depends on different contexts, suggesting the look for a moderator for this relationship. Furthermore, it can be seen from the literature of learning orientation that all of studies up to now have examined learning orientation only at a single level, individual-level or organization-level. This shows an important lack of literature, given the multilevel nature of learning when individuals act as learning agents for organizations and organizations create environments for learning of individuals (Argyris and Schön, 1978). Therefore, this study is among the first to investigate the effect of learning orientation on performance in the sales management context at two levels: salesperson-level and sales team-level. The next contribution of this study to the literature is the argument of the double-edged effects of team-level social capital moderating the link between learning orientation and performance. Very few studies have discussed the dark side of social capital, (Villena et al., 2011) although the dark side of social capital has been warned in studies of sociology (Granovetter, 1985), strategy (Adler and Kwon, 2002). This study extends the literature by investigating the curvilinear moderating role of social capital on the relationship between learning orientation and performance.

Globalization has coined cultural flows across national borders, resulting in different behaviors towards foreign products. Different approaches explain consumption in multicultural contexts such as consumer disposition. Based on literature review, this study organizes different dispositions constructs in relation to one’s own country and to foreign countries proposing a conceptual framework.

As companies develop more and more collaborative inter-firm relationships with others on new product development, successful configuration and management of R&D alliance portfolios becomes even more challenging. This paper seeks to understand how different characteristics of a firm’s R&D alliance portfolio influence its ability to acquire external knowledge and how knowledge acquisition in turn influences the firm’s innovation outcomes. The central argument is that a firm’s R&D alliance portfolio strategy entails both knowledge structure benefit and relational benefit. Firms seek to achieve these two different types of benefits by bringing in different desired partners. As a result, a firm’s choice or preferences for different types of R&D alliance partners influence both the scope of external knowledge it is exposed to (knowledge structure benefit) as well as the partner’s willingness to share and the focal firm’s ability to absorb and learn from its partners (relational benefit). While certain strategies may offer firms’ the opportunity to achieve both types of benefits simultaneously, other strategies may force firms to choose one benefit over the other. In order to exploit the value of the acquired knowledge acquired from external partners, firms need to further apply this knowledge to come up with innovative products or services. Literature has further classified new product offerings into radical vs. incremental innovations based on their innovativeness and customer benefit increase. Due to the different characteristics and knowledge requirements for radical vs. incremental innovation, we investigate how different dimensions play differential roles in the development process of these two types of innovation. We empirically tested our hypothesis in the context of pharmaceutical industry with a panel data of 64 firms over 15 years. The statistical results largely support our hypothesis.

The cosmetic industry has been rapidly expanding over the last decades. The industry itself generates about $230 billion each year and is consumed daily by 90% of female consumers. Despite its weight in the economy, consumer research has largely neglected the specificity of beauty products and consumption. The first aim of this paper is thus to offer an integrative conceptual framework to better understand beauty consumption from a consumer psychology point of view, incorporating findings from evolutionary, cognitive and cultural psychology. The second aim is to encourage consumer research on the topic by offering a research agenda taking into consideration different dimensions of beauty perception. This working paper is based on a critical and systematic literature review conducted on the topic of beauty in cognitive, evolutionary and cultural psychology. Whilst the beauty industry is booming, a gap exists in the consumer research literature in terms of understanding the applications of traditional evolutionary, cognitive and crosscultural research on the topic. This working paper introduces a framework and agenda to understand, frame, and study beauty in consumer research. On the basis of the literature reviewed, we propose a model with two decision-making systems related to beautyrelated cognition and behaviors: an impulsive decision-making system and a socially constructed decision-making system. In the impulsive decision-making system, sexual selection and cognitive mechanisms function simultaneously. We expect impulsive buying behavior to occur when consumers are exposed to highly aesthetic packaging of beauty products. In the socially constructed decision-making system, consumers choose certain brands depending on the brand image being aligned with the consumer’s cultural perception of beauty. We argue that decision-making behavior is reflective, as opposed to impulsive. Finally, we argue that both systems are mutually reinforcing and need to be better integrated into further studies looking at beauty consumption.

This work aims to deepen how to cope with marketing challenges of XXI century, characterized by turbulent and dynamic environments. Specifically, it explores the theoretical underpinnings to develop an Agile Marketing Capability’s framework and propositions. This study performs an in-depth literature review on IT and Dynamic Marketing Capabilities to provide the features, components, functions and types of an Agile Marketing Capability. Given the extreme innovativeness of this topic in marketing realm, it represents a first attempt to understanding the Agile Marketing Capability, which requires further theoretical and empirical contributions and refinements. The framework and propositions of this research may be useful for managers and decision makers to figure out the advantages of the Agile Marketing Capabilities’ employment in current marketplaces.

Current petrochemical product mainly comes from light olefin, such as ethylene and propylene. these olefins can be obtained as mixture form of olefin/paraffin, which is co-product of naphtha cracking process. However, the mixture of light olefin and paraffin is considerably difficult to separate because they have similar physicochemical properties such as density, boiling point, and molecular weight. Cryogenic distillation is currently utilized, but still suffered from high operating cost. Membrane separation with polyimide-based material is a promising alternative due to its lower energy cost and modular operation. Here, we synthesized composite membrane with metal-organic framework (MOF) based on polyimide exhibiting high permeability and selectivity in propylene/propane separation, as well as simple preparation and high stability.

외래에서 유입된 유해해양생물은 해양생태계의 위협요소이며, 이는 인간의 생활, 경제ㆍ문화 활동, 수중환경 등에 영향을 미치고 있다. 선박을 통한 유해 해양생물의 이동은 여러 가지 원인으로 발생하며 선박평형수 및 선체부착생물 오손이 그 대표적인 원인으로 지목되고 있다. 선박평형수를 통한 유해해양생물의 유입문제는 국제해사기구(IMO)의 선박평형수관리협약이 채택 및 발효되면서 국제적 규제의 기본 체계가 마련되었다. 반면, 선체부착생물오손의 경우는 선박평형수관리협약과 같은 강제협약은 채택되지 않았고 IMO 해양환경보호위 원회(MEPC) 결의서 형태로 권고적 지침만 존재한다. 또한 생물다양성협약의 제8조(h) 및 유엔해양법협약(UNCLOS) 제196조에서는 유해해양생물 유입의 규제에 대한 국가의 일반적인 국제의무를 규정하고 있으나, 이들 협약에는 선체 부착생물오손이라는 구체적인 규제 대상이 명시되어 있지 않다. 이처럼 선체부 착생물오손으로 인한 유해해양생물의 유입에 관하여 강제적이고 구체적인 국제규제체제가 마련되어있지 않기 때문에 현재는 뉴질랜드, 미국 등과 같이 일부 국가만이 자국의 국내법을 통하여 규제하고 있다. 대한민국의 경우는 해양 생태계의 보전 및 관리에 관한 법률(해양생태계법)에서 유해해양생물의 유입에 대하여 규제하고 있으나 동법에서는 선체부착생물오손에 대해서는 구체적으 로 언급하고 있지 않다. 이 논문에서는 먼저 생물다양성협약 및 UNCLOS 하에서의 유해해양생물의 유입 규제를 선체부착생물오손 측면에서 검토하였다. 다음으로, 선체부착생물 오손에 대한 국내적 규제를 실시하고 있는 미국 및 뉴질랜드, 호주의 국내법에 대하여 살펴보고, 일반적인 유해해양생물의 유입에 대하여 규제하고 있는 우리 나라의 해양생태계법 및 생물다양성 보전 및 이용에 관한 법률(생물다양성법) 을 선체부착생물오손 측면에서 검토하였다. 그리고 이를 통해 우리나라의 선체 부착생물오손과 관련한 국내적 대응방안에 대하여 제시하였다.

기류흐름에 의한 다양한 진동현상이 구조물에 발생한다. 이중 와류에 의한 진동은 구조물의 고유진동수와 일치하는 와류의 방출진동수에서는 Lock-in 현상에 의해 큰 진동을 유발하며 구조물에 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 대부분의 와류 현상은 등류에서 관찰되는 현상을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 본 연구에서는 대기 경계층에서 높이에 따라 풍속이 변화하는 난류에 의하여 구조물에 발생하는 와류의 영향을 풍동실험을 통하여 평가하였다. 탄성체 모형실험으로부터 계측된 가속도로부터 하중추정법을 이용 하여 와류진동을 발생시키는 1차 모드 와류하중을 추정하였으며 그 특성을 분석하였다. 추정된 와류하중의 스펙트럼을 보면 구조물 최상층 풍속의 약 88-90%에 해당하는 풍속에서 와류방출진동수가 두드러지게 나타나면서 피크를 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 풍 속이 점차 증가할수록 와류하중의 스펙트럼의 진동수범위가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 난류에 의한 와류하중을 특성을 반영 하면 초고층 구조물 등에 발생하는 풍직각 방향의 진동현상을 보다 효과적으로 파악하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Korean small and medium sized software companies have tried to export their solutions or services to overseas markets. In 2016, exports of the software industry increased by 6.0% from the previous year, and the value added of the industry was 2.2 times higher than that of the manufacturing industry. From a long-term perspective, it is important to secure a global competitive advantage in order to sustain the export high value-added of the software industry. The obstacles to entry into the overseas market of small to medium enterprises are as follows: first, difficulty in product development and localization of marketing; second, lack of investment for overseas expansion; and finally, competitiveness of software technology. In particular, To overcome such obstacles, Korean small and medium sized software companies should increase the technical perfection and secure software export competitiveness. The paper presents a payment settlement framework enabling adaptive reuse and semiautomatic development of global payment settlement services. The quantitative and qualitative evaluation results are presented with domestic and overseas case studies as follows: Firstly, semi-automatic development is realized successfully by applying the framework. Secondly, it is possible to maintain consistent quality of software and to deliver maintenance services without relying on the internal human resources. Thirdly, it is possible to reduce the project duration of the same development cope to less than 50% by applying the framework. Finally, because it is based on BPMN 2.0, which is a high level design diagram, it is expected that it will be easy to implement through components connection and reduce difficulties in technology transfer and localization. Also, at the time of runtime operation, it will be effective to understand the design idea easily and to carry out additional developments without human resource who participated in the initial project.

This papers focuses on remanufacturing processes in a closed loop supply chain. The remanufacturing processes is considered as one of the effective strategies for enterprises’ sustainability. For this reason, a lot of companies have attempted to apply remanufacturing related methods to their manufacturing processes. While many research studies focused on the return rate for remanufacturing parts as a control parameter, the relationship with demand certainties has been studied less comparatively. This paper considers a closed loop supply chain environment with remanufacturing processes, where highly fluctuating demands are embedded. While other research studies capture uncertainties using probability theories, highly fluctuating demands are modeled using a fuzzy logic based ambiguity based modeling framework. The previous studies on the remanufacturing have been limited in solving the actual supply chain management situation and issues by analyzing the various situations and variables constituting the supply chain model in a linear relationship. In order to overcome these limitations, this papers considers that the relationship between price and demand is nonlinear. In order to interpret the relationship between demand and price, a new price elasticity of demand is modeled using a fuzzy based nonlinear function and analyzed. This papers contributes to setup and to provide an effective price strategy reflecting highly demand uncertainties in the closed loop supply chain management with remanufacturing processes. Also, this papers present various procedures and analytical methods for constructing accurate parameter and membership functions that deal with extended uncertainty through fuzzy logic system based modeling rather than existing probability distribution based uncertainty modeling.

A ZIF-8 membrane was prepared via counter diffusion method. To control the diffusion rate, two supports with different pore structure were employed, conventional and modified α-Al2O3 disc; disc A and disc B. The ZIF-8 membranes are derived their name from the supports; ZIF-8-A and ZIF-8-B. While ZIF-8-A was grown at the surface of the disc A, ZIF-8-B was grown inside the disc B. At 200°C, ZIF-8-A and -B exhibited H2/CO2 separation factor (SF) of 6.69 and 8.21. In long-term thermal stability tests, both ZIF-8-A and -B were withstood their properties at 200 and 250°C for 72 h. At 300°C, SF of ZIF-8-A fell after ~2 h, however, that of ZIF-8-B dropped after ~10 h. To sum up these features, ZIF-8-B showed higher H2 selectivity and thermal stability than ZIF-8-A, since ZIF-8 membrane was synthesized inside of the support.