Assessing genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium is important in identifying potential parental lines for breeding programs. In this study, we assessed the genetic and phenotypic variation of 174 normal maize (Zea mays) inbred lines and made association analyses with respect to nine agronomical traits, using 150 simple sequence repeats (SSR). From population structure analysis, the lines were divided into three groups. Association analysis was done with a mixed linear model and a general linear model. Twenty one marker-trait associations involving 19 SSR markers were observed using the mixed model, with a significance level of P<0.01. All of these associations, as well as 120 additional marker-trait associations involving 77 SSR markers, were observed with the general model. Two significant marker-trait associations (SMTAs) were detected at P ≤ 0.0001. In the mixed linear model, one locus was associated with water content, two loci were associated with 100-kernel weight, setted ear length, ear thickness and stem thickness; three loci were associated with ear height, four loci were associated with total kernel weight and five loci were associated with plant height. These results should prove useful to breeders in the selection of parental lines and markers.

다평옥은 다수성 종실용 옥수수 품종 개발을 위하여 2010 년에 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 자식계통 KS158과 KS155를 교잡하여 육성한 다수성 단교잡종이다. 다평옥의 종피색은 황색이며 입질은 마치종이다. 2006～2007년까지 2 년 동안 생산력검정시험을 거쳐 2008～2010년까지 3년 동안 수원 등 3지역에서 지역적응시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 우수 성이 인정되어 2010 농작물 직무육성 신품종으로 결정되었고 다평옥으로 명명하였다. 다평옥의 출사일수는 장다옥과 같다. 간장은 장다옥과 비슷하며 착수고율은 장다옥과 같다. 도복은 장다옥 정도로 강한 것으로 나타났다. 이삭길이는 장다옥보다 다소 작으며 100립중은 장다옥보다 가볍다. 깨씨무늬병과 그 을음무늬병에는 강한 편이다. 검은줄오갈병, 이삭썩음병 및 조명나방 저항성은 중 정도를 보인다. 다평옥의 종실수량은 8.6 톤/ha로 장다옥보다 8% 많았다. 4 : 1(모본 : 부본) 재식 비율로 동시 파종하여 채종 시험한 결과 모본 출사기와 부본 화분비산기간이 일치하였으며 채종수량은 2.8 톤/ha이었다. 다평옥은 전국적으로 재배가 가능하다(품종출원등록번호: 제 4969호).

본 연구는 12개의 색소 및 비색소옥수수 계통들에 대하여 300개의 SSR마커를 이용하여 유전적 다양성, 계통유연관계 및 집단구조 분석을 실시하였다. 유전적 다양성 분석 결과, 300개의 SSR primer들은 색소 및 비색소옥수수 12계통들에 서 총 1,331개의 대립단편을 증폭시켰으며, SSR primer당 대 립단편들은 최소 2개에서 최대 10개까지 나타나 평균 4.44개가 증폭되었다. MAF는 0.25에서 0.92의 범위로 나타났고, 평균값은 0.48을 나타내었다. 총 1,331개의 대립단편 중에서 221개의 대립단편들은 색소옥수수 계통들에서 특이적으로 나 타났고, 408개의 대립단편은 비색소옥수수 계통들에서 특이 적으로 나타났으며, 나머지 702개의 대립단편들은 색소 및 비색소 계통들에서 공통으로 확인되었다. 그리고 총 163개의 SSR 마커에서 색소옥수수 특이적 대립단편이 확인되었다. 집 단구조에 대한 분석 결과에서 12개의 색소 및 비색소옥수수 핵심집단 계통들은 groups I, II, III, admixed group으로 구 분되었다. 본 연구결과는 옥수수 육종연구에서 색소 및 비색 소옥수수 계통들의 식별에 대한 유용한 정보를 제공할 것이다

The objective of this study was to evaluate the drought tolerance in maize seedling using leaf rolling. Nineteen maize resources, seven Nested Association Mapping parents lines, six Korean commercial cultivars, and six Southeast Asia commercial cultivars, were used to examine drought tolerance. The leaf rolling scores were measured on each leaf in three stress conditions with moderate drought (10%), severe drought (7%), and extreme drought (5%). Generally leaf rolling score of seedlings increased at the lower soil water potentials (5~7%). As a result, drought-tolerant cultivars showed lower leaf rolling score (below 2.5) than the drought sensitive cultivars (above 3.5). Nine varieties, NK4043, CML322, DK9955, NK4300, Ki11, DK8868, CML228, LVN99, and LVN10, have been selected for tolerance to drought stress. These results suggest that the leaf rolling score in maize seedling has been made available to indirect index for drought tolerance.

The photochemical characteristics were analyzed in the context of sowing time and different levels of fertilized nitrogen during the maize (Zea mays L.) growth. When maize was early sawn, the fluorescence parameters related with electrontransport, in photosystem II (PSII) and PSI, were effectively enhanced with the higher level of fertilized nitrogen. Highest values were observed in maize leaves grown in double Nfertilized plot. The photochemical parameters were declined in the progress of growth stage. In early growth stage, the fluorescence parameters were highest, and then reduced to about half of the parameters related with electron transport on PSII and PSI at middle and late growth stages. In 1/2 N plot, the photochemical energy dissipation was measured to 13% in term of active reaction center per absorbed photon resulting in decrease in performance index and driving force of electron. This decrease induced to lower the photochemical effectiveness. In 2 N plots, the electron transport flux from QA to QB per cross section and the number of active PSII RCs per cross section were considerably enhanced. It was clearly indicated that the connectivity between photosynthetic PSII and PSI, i.e. electron transport, was far effective.

We evaluated the morphological characteristics of 156 maize inbred lines, which were developed to breeding normal maize variety at Maize Experiment Station, Gangwon Agricultural Research and Extension Services, by examining 11 quantitative and three qualitative characteristics. On the evaluation of three qualitative traits for 156 maize inbred lines, most inbred lines showed yellow (85 and 84 inbred lines) at tassel color (QL1) and silk color (QL2), and showed semi erect (105 inbred lines) at plant type (QL3). While, the evaluation of 11 quantitative traits for 156 maize inbred lines, they showed the morphological variation in days of tasseling (QN1, 56.5 to 76.0 days), days of silking (QN2, 59.0 to 85.5 days), stem thickness (QN3, 12.7 to 42.9 mm), plant height (QN4, 111.8 to 239.8 cm), ear height (QN5, 48.2 to 126.5 cm), 100 kernel weight (QN6, 14.9 to 36.4 g), ear length (QN7, 10.0 to 79.0 cm), setted kernel length (QN8, 8.0 to 70.5 cm), ear thickness (QN9, 4.0 to 22.0 cm), total kernel weight (QN10, 22.0 to 490.0 kg) and water content (QN11, 9.3 to 11.9%), respectively. As a result, 11 inbred lines (00hf3, 00hf19, 00hf30, 00hf36, 02S8069, 02S8072, 02S8090, 02S8099, 05S10011, 06S8085-6, 07S8011) in the 156 normal maize inbred lines have showed comparatively high values. While, the results of PCA (principal component analysis) indicated that the ear length (QN7), setted kernel length (QN8), ear thickness (QN9) and total kernel weight (QN10) greatly contributed in positive direction on the first principal components. And also, days of tasseling (QN1), days of silking (QN2), plant height (QN4) and ear height (QN5) contributed in negative direction on the second principal component. Thus these morphological characters, which were greatly contributed in the first and second principal components, might be considered to be useful for discrimination among 156 normal inbred lines. Specifically, this study's assessment of morphological characteristics of 156 normal inbred lines will be helpful useful for normal maize breeding programs such activities as planning crosses for hybrid and line development at Maize Experiment Station, Gangwon Agricultural Research and Extension Services.

Transcription factors are essential for the regulation of gene expression in plant. They are binding to either enhancer or promoter region of DNA adjacent to the gene and are related to basal transcription regulation, differential enhancement of transcription, development, response to intercellular signals or environment, and cell cycle control. The mechanism in controlling gene expression of transcription can be understood through the assessment of the complete sequence for the maize genome. It is possible that the maize genome encodes 4,000 or more transcription factors because it has undergone whole duplication in the past. Previously, several transcription factors of maize have been characterized. In this review article, the transcription factors were selected using Pfam database, including many family members in comparison with other family and listed as follows: ABI3 / VP1, AP2/EREBP, ARF, ARID, AS2, Aux/IAA, BES1, bHLH, bZIP, C2C2-CO-like, C2C2-Dof, C2C2-GATA, C2C2- YABBY, C2H2, E2F/DP, FHA, GARP-ARR-B, GeBP, GRAS, HMG, HSF, MADS, MYB, MYB-related, NAC, PHD, and WRKY family. For analyzing motifs, each amino acid sequence has been aligned with ClustalW and the conserved sequence was shown by sequence logo. This review article will contribute to further study of molecular biological analysis and breeding using the transcription factor of maize as a strategy for selecting target gene.

밀×옥수수 원연교잡은 타 방법에 비하여 반수체 밀 육성에 매우 효과적이어서 외국에서는 밀 품종의 육종연한 단축 등을 위하여 많이 활용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 밀 품종(계통)과 옥수수 품종을 이용한 반수체 밀 생산체계를 구축하기 위하여 원연교잡에 사용하는 품종에 따른 반수체 생산 효율을 조사하였다. 자방친으로는 금강밀 등 총 5종의 품종과 5종의 F1계통을 사용하였고, 화분친으로는 강다옥 등 총 7종의 옥수수 품종을 사용하였다. 자방친으로 사용한 국산 밀 품종의 평균 종자 형성률, 배 형성률 및 반수체 식물체 재분화율은 각각 약 75%, 19% 및 8.4%이었다. 반수체 식물체 재분화율은 3.7∼9.8%의 분포를 보였는데, 조경이 가장 높았다. 밀F1 계통 자방친의 평균적인 종자 형성률, 배 형성률 및 반수체 식물체 재분화율은 각각 약 66%, 16% 및 6.6%이었다. 밀계통의 반수체 재분화율은 3∼10%의 분포를 보였으며 08WG074 계통이 가장 높았다. 한편, 7종의 옥수수 품종의 자방친(금강밀)에 대한 평균 종자 결실률, 배 형성률 및 반수체 식물체 재분화율은 각각 약 78%, 18%, 9.6%이었다. 반수체 재분화율은 7.6∼12.9%의 분포를 보였으며, 광평옥이 가장 높았다. 밀×옥수수 원연교잡에서 종자 결실률과 배 형성률은 자방친과 화분친의 품종에 따라 고도로 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 이들 형질의 품종간 차이는 자방친 품종보다는 화분친인 옥수수 품종 사이에서 더 컸다. 본 연구에서 조사한 품종 중에서는 광평옥, 강다옥 및 강일옥 품종이 밀×옥수수 원연교잡의 화분친으로서 우수한 결과를 나타내었다.

Transposon elements are widely distributed in the plant genomes. Maize genome consists of various transposable elements that constitute as much as 80% of the genome. Transposon display (TD) is a modified from AFLP, and can be used to generate and display hundreds of genomic fragments affixed to transposons, consequently tagging transposons. We developed maize specific transposon insertion- sequence characterized amplified regions (Ti-SCAR) using Isaac and CACTA transposons. Currently, we have developed 58 dominant Ti-SCAR markers. Validation of the Ti-SCARs is being carried out using a various maize germplasm. Since AFLP is tedious and unsuitable for large scale application in MAS, the Ti-SCAR markers displayed simple binary presence or absence pattern. Thus, the Ti-SCARs can provide a fast, cheap and reliable PCR based assay. A pipeline in developing the Ti-SCAR will be presented in the poster.

Maize is one of the most important food and feed crops in the world including Southeast Asia. In spite of numberous efforts with conventional breeding, the maize productions remain low and the loss of yields by drought and downy mildew are still severe in Asia. Genetic improvement of maize has been performed with molecular marker and genetic engineering. Because maize is one of the most widely studied crop for its own genome and has tremendous diversity and variant, maize is considered as a forefront crop in development and estimation of molecular markers for agricultural useful trait in genetics and breeding. Using QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) and MAS (Marker Assisted Breeding), molecular breeders are able to accelerate the development of drought tolerance or downy mildew resistance maize genotype. The present paper overviews QTL/MAS approaches towards improvement of maize production against drought and downy mildew. We also discuss here the trends and importance of molecular marker and mapping population in maize breeding.

Wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world and provides 20% of nutritional requirement to the consumers in developing countries. The consumption per capita of wheat is persistent but the self-sufficiency has decreased owing to the less competitive world market and double cropping system with rice in Korea. This study was conducted to obtain baseline data on the selection lines with early maturity and good agronomic traits. Geumgangmil, a leading Korean variety, was crossed with CIMMYT’s line, and a DH (double haploid) line was released using pollens of Maize in Mexico. The 71 inbred lines were grown in fields at NICS, Miryang. The culm length of inbred lines were normally distributed from 37cm to 106cm, though that of the P1 (Geumgangmil) was 71 and P2 (CIMMYT’s Line) was 77cm. Especially, some lines were very short and measured below 50cm. The spike lengths of most of the lines were longer than that of P1 (7.5cm), but were normally distributed. The number of spikelet was less than that in P2 (19ea.), but was more than P1(10ea.). The heading day of most of the lines was between P1 (11th April) and P2 (25th April) and the maturity day of the lines was similar to P1 (1st June) but 5 lines showed 2~6 days shorter maturity period than that of P1. However, 20 lines were found to have 2~10 days longer maturity period than that of P2.

With the economy development, people have an increasing demand for meat and eggs. Hence the market demand for cereal crop keeps increasing. maize is the major crop to meet the conditions of market demand. As a part of the Golden Seed Project, we are planning to develop maize varieties for adaptation in Southern Asia, especially in India. This project was started at 2013 and has been collaborated with Nongwoo Bio Co. Our project is based on overseas maize breeding in Bangalore, India. At first year, we tested 40 maize hybrids to investigate adaptability, yield capacity, and growing characteristics. Planting materials for this test were developed and selected in Cambodia by researchers of Maize Research Institute. Growing performance is usually quite different by the growing area and seasons, but some of our materials have shown good adaptability and yield at dry season in Southern India. 13IN07 was selected by yield and grain color, 13IN39 was selected by yield and plant type. These two selected hybrids were applied to regional test controled by Indian Council of Agricultural Research in India. We will see how our hybrids adapt in various regions in India, assess how other tested hybrids perform in those regions, and compare each other. We may also expect one of the selected hybrids can be a candidate variety for some regions in India and we will continuously select good hybrids and develop new varieties in India.

청다옥은 다수성 사료용 옥수수 품종 개발을 목표로 2010년에 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 자식계통 KS159과 KS155의 교잡으로 육성된 다수성인 단교잡종이다. 청다옥의 종피색은 황색이며 입질은 마치종이다. 2006～2007년까지 생산력검정시험을 거쳐, 2008～2010년까지 3년간 4지역에서 지역적응시험을 실시하였다. 청다옥의 출사일수는 광평옥보다 1일 빠르고 간장은 광평옥보다 다소 짧고 착수고율은 광평옥보다 낮다. 도복은 광평옥과 비슷한 정도로 강하다. 후기녹체성은 광평옥과 비슷하며 이삭비율은 광평옥과 같다. 깨씨무늬병 저항성은 중정도이고, 그을음무늬병에는 강한 편이다. 검은줄오갈병, 이삭썩음병 및 조명나방 저항성은 중정도를 보인다. 청다옥의 건물수량(20.24 톤/ha)은 광평옥과 비슷하였으며, TDN수량(13.80 톤/ha)도 광평옥과 비슷하였다. 청다옥의 종실수량(8.51 톤/ha)은 장다옥보다 많았다. 4∶1(모본:부본) 재식비율로 동시 파종하여 채종시험한 결과 모본의 출사기와 부본의 화분비산기간이 일치하였으며 채종수량은 1.8 톤/ha이었다. 청다옥은 전국적으로 재배가 가능하다.

Maize is one of the most important food and feed crops in the world including Southeast Asia. In spite of numberous efforts with conventional breeding, the maize productions remain low and the loss of yields by drought and downy mildew are still severe in Asia. Genetic improvement of maize has been performed with molecular marker and genetic engineering. Because maize is one of the most widely studied crop for its own genome and has tremendous diversity and variant, maize is considered as a forefront crop in development and estimation of molecular markers for agricultural useful trait in genetics and breeding. Using QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) and MAS (Marker Assisted Breeding), molecular breeders are able to accelerate the development of drought tolerance or downy mildew resistance maize genotype. The present paper overviews QTL/MAS approaches towards improvement of maize production against drought and downy mildew. We also discuss here the trends and importance of molecular marker and mapping population in maize breeding.

본 연구는 하천변 농경지에서 질소시비수준에 따른 옥수수의 생육특성과 수량성을 살펴보고 광합성 측정과 성분 분석을 통해 질소가 미치는 영향을 구명하여 하천변 농경지재배에서 질소 시비의 필요성과 적정 질소 시비를 통한 수량 증대의 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 수행하였다. 질소 처리에 따른 옥수수 생육특성은 초장과 착수고의 경우 질소시비량에 의한 큰 차이가 없었다. 광합성은 질소 시비량이 증가할수록 증가하여 36 kg 처리구에서 가장 높았다. 옥수수의 NDF와 ADF 함량은 처리구간 차이 없었으며 NDF는 출웅 후 8일 이후 감소하였으며, ADF는 출웅 후 15일 이후 감소하였다. 옥수수 잎의 질소 흡수량은 출웅기에 36 kg 처리구에서 가장 높았다. 수량 및 수량구성요소는 이삭길이와 100립중의 경우 처리구간 유의차가 없었으나 이삭직경과 립수의 경우 무처리구와 9 kg 처리구에 비하여 18 kg 처리구와 36 kg 처리구에서 증가하였고, 과피는 18 kg 처리구와 36 kg 처리구에 비하여 무처리구와 9 kg 처리구에서 두꺼웠고, 수량은 무처리구에 비하여 18 kg 처리구, 36 kg 처리구, 9 kg 처리구가 많았다. 옥수수 종실의 전분함량은 처리구간 유의차가 없었으며, 총당은 18 kg 처리구가 가장 높았고 아밀로펙틴은 18 kg 처리구에서 가장 높았으나 아밀로오스는 18 kg 처리구에서 가장 낮아 18 kg 처리구에서 찰성이 가장 강하였다. 이상의 결과로 하천변 농경지에서 옥수수 재배시 질소시비가 필요하며 가장 이상적인 질소 시비량은 10a당 18kg 정도로 판단된다.

본 연구는 강원도 농업기술원 옥수수연구소에서 튀김옥 수수 품종개발을 위하여 육성한 79개의 자식계통들에 대하 여 대표적인 분자마커인 SSR마커를 이용하여 집단구조 및 association mapping 분석을 실시하였다. 집단구조에 대한 분 석 결과에서 79개의 튀김옥수수 자식계통들은 groups I, II, III, IV, admixed group으로 구분되었다. 4개의 옥수수 자식 계통은 group I에 포함되었고, Group II는 총 17개의 자식계 통들이 포함되었다. 그리고 6개의 자식계통들은 Group III에 포함되었으며, 22개의 자식계통들은 Group IV에 포함되었 다. 그리고 admixed group에는 30개 옥수수 자식계통들이 포함되었다. 튀김옥수수 자식계통들에 대하여 50개 SSR 마 커와 10개의 양적 형질 사이에서 association mapping 분석 을 하였다. Q GLM 분석에서는 0.01의 유의수준에서 92개의 marker-trait association을 확인하였으며, 반면에 Q+K MLM 분석에서는 0.01의 유의수준에서 6개의 marker-trait association 을 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 79개의 튀김옥수수 자식계통들 에 대한 집단구조 및 association mapping 분석의 결과는 앞 으로 강원도농업기술원 옥수수연구소에서 튀김옥수수 품종개 발을 위한 계통 육성 및 교배조합 구성 등에 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대한다.

본 연구는 강원도농업기술원 옥수수연구소에서 튀김옥수 수 품종개발을 위하여 육성한 79개의 자식계통들에 대하여 총 13개의 양적 및 질적 형질들을 이용하여 형태적 변이 연 구를 수행하였다. 3개의 질적 형질 중에서 웅수색(QL1)은 연한 자주색을 나타내는 계통(46계통)들이 가장 많았고, 자 수색(QL2)과 줄기색(QL3)에서는 각각 녹색을 나타내는 계 통(55계통, 75계통)들이 가장 많았다. 반면에 10개의 양적 형질 중에서 간장(QN1)은 174.2±34.9 cm, 착수고(QN2)는 103.4±24.7 cm, 이삭장(QN3)은 9.4±3.0 cm, 착립장(QN4) 은 8.4±2.6 cm, 이삭경(QN5)은 24.9±7.7 mm, 이삭열수 (QN6)는 14.0±2.3 열, 이삭중(QN7)은 36.5±26.0 g, 종실중 (QN8)은 30.9±19.3 g, 백립중(QN9)은 10.4±3.8 g, 발아율 (QN10)은 평균 95.3±8.1%를 각각 나타내었다. 분석에 이 용된 자식계통들 중에서 5개의 자식계통(PS0-001, PS0-003, PS1-002, PS1-003, PS2-009)들은 조사된 7개의 수량 관련 형질들 중 5개 이상의 형질들에서 비교적 높은 경향이었다. 주성분 분석은 분석에 이용된 13개의 양적 및 질적 형질들 중에서 자수색(QL2), 이삭장(QN3), 착립장(QN4), 이삭경 (QN5), 이삭중(QN7), 종실중(QN8), 백립중(QN9)은 제 1 주 성분에서 양의 방향에 크게 기여하였고, 반면에 웅수색(QL1), 줄기색(QL3), 착수고(QN2) 그리고 이삭열수(QN6)는 음의 방향에 크게 기여하였다. 제 2 주성분에서는 간장(QN1), 착 수고(QN2) 그리고 종실중(QN8)은 양의 방향에 크게 기여 하였고, 반면에 웅수색(QL1), 자수색(QL2), 이삭장(QN3), 이삭열수(QN6) 그리고 100립중(QN9)은 음의 방향에 기여 하였다.

Our study is performed to confirm the level of genetic diversity and population structure with 80 maize inbred lines (40 waxy inbred lines and 40 flint inbred lines) and to explain the genetic basis of agronomic traits using an association mapping. The 200 SSR loci are confirmed a total of 1,610 alleles in total 80 maize inbred lines. The average number of alleles per locus was 8.05. The average GD was 0.72. The average PIC value was 0.68. The average MAF was 0.40. Population structure was revealed for K=2. Total 80 maize inbred lines were divided by groups I, II and admixed group. The 14 waxy inbred lines were assigned to group I. The 45 inbred lines include 5 waxy inbred lines and 40 flint inbred lines were contained to group II. The 21 waxy inbred lines were contained in the admixed group with lower than membership threshold 0.8. Association mapping between 200 SSR markers and 10 phenotypic traits of waxy/flint maize inbred lines were performed by Q GLM and Q+K MLM. In significant level at 0.01, 72 SSR markers were associated with 10 phenotypic traits using Q GLM. The 4 marker-trait association were detected in Q+K MLM. The results derived from this study will be used for designing efficient new maize breeding programs.

In U.S.A. maize breeding, exotic germplasm is considered as high-risk and usually introduced by backcrossing specific traits into elite lines. The U.S.A. maize germplasm base is narrow. Only a few open-pollinated varieties are well represented in current programs. Currently, the barrier in using of exotic germplasm in the U.S.A is less formidable than in the 1980s. The major reason is that U.S.A materials are now used in tropical breeding to accelerate earlier maturity and lodging resistance. These exotic materials, developed with U.S.A germplasm, are being introduced back into the U.S.A.Since1994, the ARS-led Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project has sought to help broaden the genetic base of America’s corn crop by promising exotic germplasm and crossing it with domestic lines. New hybrids derived from such crosses have provided corn researchers and the producers. These may include improved or alternative native source of resistance to insect pests such as corn rootworms and diseases like northern leaf blight. GEM’s aim is to provide source of useful genetic maize diversity to help the producers to reduce risks from new or evolving insect and disease threats or changes in the environment or respond to new marketing opportunities and demand. During the 2009 growing season, the Ames (Iowa) and Raleigh (North Carolina) locations managed or coordinated evaluations on 17,200 nursery plots as well as 14,000 yield trial plots in Ames and 12,000 in Raleigh. A new “allelicdiversity” study is devoted to exploring and capturing the genetic variation represented by over 300 exotic corn races. Since 2001, GEM has released 221 new corn lines to cooperators for further development into elite commercial new hybrids. GEM has already identified about 50%-tropical, 50%-temperate families tracing primarily to tropical hybrids that are competitive with commercial checks. In North Carolina State University program, they have examined the potential of tropical inbredand hybrids for U.S.A. breeding by crossing temperate-adapted, 100%-tropical lines to U.S.A hybrids. There should be favorably unique alleles or genomic regions in temperate germplasm that can be helpful in tropical maize improvement as well as utilization of tropical lines in temperate areas.

국내 적응 Quality Protein Maize (QPM) 옥수수 교잡종을 육성하려면 효율적인 선발 체계를 확립하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구는 최근 국립식량과학원에서 육성중인 QPM1 등 4 교잡계 종실의 일반성분, 지방산 조성 및 아미노산 함량을 대비품종인 일반 옥수수 장다옥과 비교 검토하여 QPM 옥수수 신품종 육성을 위한 기초 연구 자료로 활용하고자 실시하였다. QPM 교잡계들의 단백질함량은 10.0〜11.40%로 장다옥의 8.1%보다 모두 많았다. QPM 교잡계들의 지방함량은 3.8〜4.0%이었으며 QPM1을 제외한 QPM 교잡계들은 장다옥과 차이가 없었다. QPM2 교잡계를 제외한 QPM 교잡계들의 회분함량은 장다옥보다 많았다. QPM 교잡계들과 장다옥 모두 linoleic acid의 조성비가 가장 높고 oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linolenic acid의 순으로 지방산 조성비가 높은 것으로 나타났다. QPM 교잡계들의 포화지방산 함량은 17.2〜18.4%로 장다옥과 비슷하였다. QPM 교잡계들의 불포화지방산 함량은 81.6〜82.8%로 장다옥과 비슷하였다. QPM 교잡계들과 장다옥간 필수아미노산 중 isoleucine, valine, threonine, 황을 함유한 methionine, cystine 등의 함량 차이는 없었으나, lysine함량은 QPM 교잡계들이 장다옥(3.84g/100g)보다 4.05〜4.69g/100g로 많았으며 그중 QPM1 교잡계가 4.69g/100g으로 가장 많았다. QPM 교잡계들과 장다옥간 산성아미노산인 MMA(monoamino monocarboxylic acid), DMA(diamino monocarboxylic acid), 방향족 아미노산인 AAA(aromatic amino acid) 등의 함량 차이는 없었다. 본 연구에서 육성된 국내 적응 QPM1 교잡계는 옥수수의 경우 필수아미노산 중 가장 문제시 되고 있는 lysine 함량이 보통 옥수수보다 개선되어 식용 및 사료용 옥수수로 활용 가치가 높을 것으로 기대된다.