In this study, the differences of holding power according to the shape and weight distribution of concrete weight used in shellfish shell fishery were investigated through the experiments. To investigate the differences in shape, five bar-shaped concrete weights with the same length and different cross-sectional shapes were produced. The sectional shape of each weight was square, triangle, circle, small cross, and large cross (SQ, TR, CI, CR-S, CR-L). Ten rectangular parallelepiped weights with different bottom area and cross-sectional area were produced. To investigate the differences by the weight distribution, the holding power on the square model (SQ) with six 50 g weights at different positions was investigated. All the holding power was obtained by measuring the tensile force generated when the concrete weight was pulled at a constant speed on the sand. As a result, there were no differences in holding power between the ten rectangular weights. However, the experiment on weights with different cross-sectional shapes showed differences in holding power. The holding power was higher in the order of CR-L > CR-S > CI > TR > SQ. In the weight distribution test, the holding power was higher as the front side of the weight was heavier. Generally, the frictional force is the same even if the shape is different, when two objects have the same value in the weight and the roughness. On the other hand, it seems to have a large impact when the shape of the bottom is deformed in the course of pulling the object. Particularly, the larger the degree of protrusion like cruciform weights, the more the holding power increased while deeply digging the bottom. It is also likely that the holding power increases as the front weight increases.

In this study, the whole process of 6xxx series aluminum cast alloy for high speed train interior or exterior parts are characterized. For casting, selection of optimum alloying elements, dissolution technology, de-gassing process, production of molds conforming to the conditions of use, development of casting process control technology for various shapes and materials are performed for the development of high-quality, high strength aluminum alloys. The development of more reliable lightweight aluminum and aluminum alloy for interior or exterior materials has been the scope of this study. The mechanical properties, and chemical composition of the case materials were evaluated for the 6063, 6061 and 6N01 alloy profiles and compared to the commercial materials and the evaluation results satisfied the standard.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the weight values of evaluation items by traffic safety project type. METHODS: In general, a large-scale investment in projects such as the traffic safety project requires economic analyses to be performed in advance. However, there is an argument for considering special characteristics of the traffic safety project. Therefore, this study conducted characteristic analysis of the weight values of evaluation items. The analysis consisted of two steps. The first step was hypothesis verification using analysis of variance (ANOVA). In this process, the authors examined whether the weight of evaluation items is the same regardless of the traffic safety project type. Based on the first step's results, the authors proceeded to the second step. The objective of this step was to analyze how different the weight values are by traffic safety project type using an analytic hierarchy process. RESULTS: According to the ANOVA test results, the benefit to cost ratios have different weight values based on traffic safety project type at the 0.01 significance level. The policy evaluation items, such as the plans connection, resident opinion, and regional equity, also showed the same results except that the result for the related plans connection was statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Based on the first step's result, the AHP analysis in the second step showed that the traffic safety projects for vulnerable users and pedestrians have very low weight values in economic evaluation factors compared with other safety project types. The weight values for vulnerable users and pedestrians were 0.29 and 0.26, respectively, in economic evaluation items. On the other hand, the weight values for other safety project types were around 0.6. Among the policy evaluation items, resident opinion showed a higher weight value than other factors, such as connection and regional equity items. CONCLUSIONS: The social and economic impact of a traffic safety project varies by project type and project characteristics. Although the economic approach is overarching and a reasonable methodology is applied for large-scale projects, it should be noted that the safety issue, especially for transportation of vulnerable uses, requires a non-economical approach. Based on the analysis results, this study suggests that the priority of the projects should be determined by separating them into independent assessment groups depending on their characteristics.

This study was conducted to compare the difference between left and right extension and flexion isokinetic muscular strength of the knee, shoulder, and trunk to compare absolute and relative strength in lightand heavy weight Ssireum athletes. Fourteen professional Ssireum athletes were divided into the light (Taebaek and Geumgang) and heavy (Halla and Baekdu) groups according to the body weight. Anthropometric measurements and isokinetic strength (knee: 60º/sec, shoulder: 30º/sec, and trunk: 30º/sec) were assessed for the absolute and relative peak torque values. Left (227.6±48.7 vs 247.0± 23.1 Nm, p=0.05) and right knee (233.7±32.0 vs 266.1±20.5, p=0.05) extension strength in absolute values were significantly different between the groups. Trunk’s extension (318.7±37.9 vs 351.2±57.4 Nm, p=0.03) and flexion (249.8±33.0 vs 302.1±42.4 Nm, p=0.03) strength also showed significant difference between the groups. Significant differences were observed for all relative values except for the left knee and trunk flexion. As for the flexion and extension strength ratios, the shoulder extension to flexion ratios of the light group was 1.32 (p=0.02) times and the heavy group was 1.01-0.98 (p=0.34). The trunk extension strength was 3.6 times that of the body weight in the light group and 2.8 times that of the body weight in the heavy group. Heavy Ssireum athletes’ absolute flexor peak torques were higher in the knee and trunk than in the light athletes. Also, the weight per weight of light athletes had relatively higher strength than the heavy athletes. In addition, the muscle strength ratio was higher in the light athletes. This study suggests that isokinetic strength is different in heavy and light weight class Ssireum athletes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of foot position adjuster on body alignment and weight loads in chronic stroke patients. The subjects were 15 chronic stroke patients who were admitted to KHospital in Daegu, South Korea. The study compared the body alignment and weight load changes on flat ground with the foot position adjuster using Foot scan and Dartfish video analysis software. In the results of this study, posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) alignment decreased significantly after use of the foot position adjuster and center pressure was significantly increased after use of the foot position adjuster. This study suggests that foot position adjuster influences body alignment and weight distribution.

The length frequency and weight-length relationships within the loach population of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were investigated in environment-friendly (EFP) and conventional paddy fields (CP) in South Korea, in order to identify the influences of farming practices to the loach population living in paddy ecosystem. The size-frequency of distribution of M. anguillicaudatus populations noted to differ significantly when the loach populations of the EFP and the CP were compared. The mean weight and length of the loach population in EFP was greater than those of the loaches in CP. The equations based on weight and total length relationship in EFP and CP were W=0.000004L3.0747 and W=0.000002L3.2106, respectively. The condition factor (K) against total length of loaches at two paddy field types with different farming practices indicates that the loach population in EFP (mean K=0.95) had access to better nutritional conditions than those in CP (mean K=0.67). It therefore appears that the size and structure of loach populations in rice paddy fields might be affected by farming practices.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of pasture grazing and barn feeding system on the growth performance, weight gain and velvet antler productivity in Elk. Twelve 5-year-old elk stags about 273 kg were stratified by weight and randomly assigned by feeding system (a pasture grazing and a barn feeding, n=6). The average feed intake were not signigicant difference between two groups. Average daily gain for grazing and barn feeding group was 0.25 g and 0.29 g respectively, showing no significant difference. Velvet antler yield for grazing and barn feeding group was 7,700 g and 6, 960 g respectively, with no significant difference. In conclusion grazing group was better than barn feeding group in feed intake, body weight gain and velvet antler productivity. However, there were no statistical significant difference between the two group. These results may serve as the basis for further study of deer feeding system in Korea and further study needed to examine the grazing intensity and economic efficiency.

임신 전 젖소의 육성기 후반에 있어서 적정한 에너지와 단백질 급여 관리는 개체의 성장과 분만 후 유생산에 영향을 미친다. 본 연구는 육성기 후반의 적정 TDN:CP 비율을 결정하기 위하여 생후 15개월 령에 5.0:1(T1), 4.5:1(T2) 및 4.0:1(T3)의 비율로 급여하여 체중, 사료섭취량 및 혈액조성에 대하여 조 사하였다. 건물섭취량은 평균 8.07kg/day로 TDN: CP 비율에 관계없이 유사하였다. 단백질 섭취량은 TDN:CP 비율이 낮아짐에 따라 각각 1.45, 1.29 및 1.17kg/day로 감소하였으나 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 증체량은 4.0:1 비율구가 유의적으로 가장 많이 증가하였으며, 평균 일당증체량도 0.74kg/day 로 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 60일 이후 모든 처리구의 일당증체량이 권장 수준을 충족하였으나, 4.0:1 비율구(1.28kg/day)에서 과잉 체지방 축적이 될 수 있는 수준이기 때문에 임신 및 번식과 관련하 여 주의해야 한다. 육성우 15~18개월령에서 상기의 모든 TDN:CP 비율은 혈액 조성에 큰 영향을 미치 지 않았다. 체중과 출산 및 비유 등을 고려했을 경우 4.5:1에서 5.0:1의 비율이 적합하고, 출산 시기가 가까울수록 에너지 단백질 비율을 5.0:1까지 높여주는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단되었다.

Weight loss that influences quality and farmer incomes is affected by the storage environment of agricultural products. The interior of storage should be maintained at high humidity to prevent the weight loss of products which contain a lot of moisture. The research had constantly proceeded with change in the heat exchanger surface areas, humidity systems, and weight loss forecast to maintain high humidity within storage. Relative humidity that exerts an effect weight loss of crop is influenced by storage temperature, leak state, and volume of product. When weight loss is predicted, different conditions of these factors are derived. In case of CA storage, ways of forecasting the weight loss become easier compared to cold storage due to sealed storage with external environment during storage period. In this study, apples were stored in purge-type CA storage and weight loss has been predicted by using operating characteristics and environmental conditions. As a result, humidity variation in the storage fluctuates with the operation of the unit-cooler. Furthermore, unit-cooler operation factor is influenced by outside temperature and respiration heat. Prediction value of weight loss according to temperature and humidity has been most accurately predicted. Prediction value through defrosting water measured shows unit-cooler work quality. K-value needs verification to calculate the VPD method.

The purpose of this study was to investigate self-esteem, body image, body cathexis and body attitude of female middle school students. A total of 298 subjects were included in this study. Subjects were classified into weight control group and a non weight control group. As a result of analyzing body shapes satisfaction was higher in the non weight control group 2.83 than in the weight control group 2.28 (p<0.001). The weight control group revealed lower body satisfaction than the non weight control group. The result of the reason for weight control was the ratio of ‘weight loss’ 84.6%, respectively (p<0.001). Factors impacting physical image of female middle school students were analyzed as friends (3.46), internet (3.22), and TV (3.13). Results suggest that educational program should be combined with a positive emphasis on physical image and self-esteem for female middle school students. Also, there was a high correlation between body weight and self-esteem. Results indicate that female middle school students are interested in weight loss with the wrong body image. Therefore, female middle school students should be provided with an educational approach to such issues so that they have a realistic perception of their body and form realistic values about self-esteem and body.

We recently reported the in vitro and in vivo antiobesity effects of Tenebrio molitor larvae, a traditional food in manycountries, but it remains unknown how the larvae affect appetite regulation in mice with diet-induced obesity. We hypothesizedthat the extract of T. molitor larvae mediates appetite by regulating neuropeptide expression. We investigated T. molitorlarvae extract's (TME's) effects on anorexigenesis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress–induced orexigenic neuropeptideexpression in the hypothalami of obese mice. Central administration of TME suppressed feeding by down-regulating theexpression of the orexigenic neuropeptides neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein. T. molitor larvae extract significantlyreduced the expression of ER stress response genes. These results suggest that TME and its bioactive components arepotential therapeutics for obesity and ER stress–driven disease states.

소수성 유기실리콘 그룹에 친수성 극성 그룹이 결합되어 있는 유기실리콘 계면활성제는 유 기실리콘의 독특한 특성으로 인하여 낮은 계면장력, 윤활성, 퍼짐성, 발수성, 열 안정성, 화학적 안정성 때문에 폴리우레탄 폼, 건설재료, 화장품, 페인트잉크, 농약 등 많은 산업분야에 사용되고 있다. 특히 소수기로 저분자 실록산을 가지고 있는 유기실리콘 계면활성제는 낮은 표면장력과 우수한 습윤/퍼짐성 때문에 super wetter/super spreader로서 활용되고 있으나 가수분해가 되는 취약한 단점도 가지고 있다. 저분자 실록산 계면활성제의 기능향상과 단점개선 등 응용분야에서의 요구사항을 반영하기 위하여 다양 한 화학구조를 가진 저분자 실록산 계면활성제들이 개발되고 있다. 본 총설에서는 반응성 테트라실록산 과 다이실록산의 합성방법, 반응성 테트라실록산 또는 다이실록산을 친수성 그룹과 결합시키는 규소수소 화반응 같은 주요 합성방법, 그리고 폴리에테르, 카보하이드레이트, 제미니, 볼라 타입 등 구조를 가지는 테트라실록산 계면활성제와 다이실록산 계면활성제들의 합성방법을 논의한다.

This study analyzed the effect on weight and average daily gain, carcass grade, and blood characteristics and immunity in case of dietary addition of pegmatite to Hanwoo steers. Relative to Hanwoo steers, initial body weight was 257.3±11.74 kg (8-months old after birth). Forty-eight Hanwoo steers were fed for 24 months using random arrangement (4 treatment plots×4 heads×3 repeat). The treatment plot (498.75~500.82 kg) had higher weight during the early fattening stage compared with that of the control plot (474.37 kg) (p<0.05). Regarding total cholesterol of the blood, the value was similar to one during initiation of testing, but the value increased gradually based on the progress of fattening. In addition, the triglyceride was considerably low in T2~T3 plots with high addition of pegmatite during the late fattening stage compared with other treatment plots (p<0.05). This study revealed a tendency in the IgG content that represented immunity as the addition of pegmatite became higher (p>0.05). This study found that the treatment plot (441.55~452.10 kg) had higher carcass weight compared with the control plot (436.30 kg). However, this study revealed that the treatment plot (2.30~2.55 points) had higher carcass quantity grade compared with the control plot (2.11 points). This study found that the control plot (3.55 points) had higher carcass quality grade compared with the treatment plot (2.67~3.09 points) (p>0.05). With studies combined, it was determined that dietary addition of pegmatite to the feed as clay minerals in fattening Hanwoo steers would improve feed intake, body weight gain and carcass quantity grade.

RC 플랫 플레이트 시스템은 공기단축, 시공성 향상, 층고 절감 등의 장점이 있으나, 장스팬 적용 시 슬래브의 작은 휨강성 으로 인해 균열 손상 및 과다 처짐이 발생하는 경향이 있다. 특히, 시공 중 슬래브 자중에 의한 과하중의 작용이 슬래브의 장단기 처짐을 증가시킬 수 있다. 이러한 문제점은 자중 저감이라는 장점을 갖고 있는 중공 슬래의 사용을 통해 해결할 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 슬래브 처짐에 대한 중공 슬래브의 자중저감 효과를 분석하기 위하여 변수연구를 수행한다. 콘크리트 강도, 슬래브 시공주기, 동바리 지지층수, 압축철근비, 인장철근비 등의 변수조건들을 포함하여, 시공단계, 콘크리트 균열, 장 기 효과를 고려한 시공하중 및 처짐을 산정한다. 일반 슬래브와 중공 슬래브에 대한 시공 중 단기처짐과 완공 후 장기처짐을 비교하고, 슬래브 처짐에 대한 중공 슬래브의 효과를 분석한다.