Among many wonderful heritages Mongolians have created and contributed to world culture, Mongolian folk long song is one of the best. Especially, the lyrics of Mongolian rhythm-long song reflect the belonging, speciality and excellency of Mongolian poetry. Meanwhile, it owns its independent artistic flavor. The contents of long songs fully employs different linguistic approaches such as similitude, epithet, enrichment, magnification, minimization, implicit meaning, representation, vivid description, humanifying, inquiry, serenade, upgrade, development, comparison, confrontation, positivity, sympathy, enumeration and sentimentality.Long songs were inspired by the deep feelings of awareness and overpowering emotions felt by the nomadic herdsmen, so its lyrics are reflected by spirits and souls of nomadic culture, philosophy, religion and tradition. Furthermore, the lyrics of mongolian long song have its own unique rhymes, where the beginning and the end of the line sounds similar. Also, it contains many valuable aphorisms and proverbs, which are used appropriately to better describe the situation.

Scriabin`s output is often split into three periods.: Op. 1-29 (1886-1901), Op. 30-57 (1903-1908), and Op. 58-74 (1910-1914). He made a gradual transition to atonality, beginning as early as 1903. It is precisely between the second and third periods when we begin to observe a significant shift taking place in Scriabin`s way of conceiving his music. The purpose of this paper is to document the decline of tritone in Scriabin`s music primarily found in the transitional part of the composer`s musical career. While the theory was formulated by Russian music theorists, it has had a direct influence on various ways of understanding Scriabin`s complicated later works. The second chapter deals with the tritone in Scriabin`s transitional period. The most important harmonic function in Scriabin`s transitional music is a ♭Ⅱ-Ⅴ progression. The third chapter explores Scriabin`s music from the viewpoint of Russian music theory. I focus primarily on the work of three Russian theorists, namely, Yavorsky, Dernova and Kholopov, and how their works are related to the tritone of Scriabin`s music. Both Dernova and Kholopov carry over Yavorsky`s theory when discussing Scriabin`s problematic compositions, and one gets the sense. The merit of Russian music theory lies in the methodology. In particular, Scriabin`s Poeme, Op. 59, No. 1 is examined by using Russian music theorists`s views. The Russian theorists offer a new system of analysis, thereby allowing us to have an intimate and perspicuous understanding of the late Scriabin`s mechanics.

The great Chinese ancient novel, The Great Mansion, is a story of the daughters who were regarded as water and of the boy who was the guy regarded them as water. It is also a story implicated the pure beginning alike water of life and the clean ending alike snow of it. As a central concept in Chinese ancient literature, Water becomes an imago which represents the features of beauty and meanings of life.

본 논문에서는 도로포장의 성능개선을 유도하기 위한 제도적 수단인 공사비 차등지급규정(지불규정)을 제시하고 이를 고속도로 아스팔트 포장 공사에 처음으로 적용한 결과를 다루고 있다. 지불규정을 적용하기 위한 단위구간(lot)은 덧씌우기 포장의 일평균 시공연장으로 정의하였다. 단위구간은 다시 포장의 초기상태 평가를 위한 최소 단위인 세부단위구간(sublot)으로 나누었으며, 세부단위구간에서 측정한 품질항목의 평균과 표준편차를 이용하여 단위구간을 대표하는 품질항목별 지불계수(pay factor)를 산정하였다. 마지막으로, 각각의 품질항목이 포장의 중장기 공용성에 미치는 상대적 영향을 고려하여 합성지불계수를 결정하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 지불규정은 2008년에 한국도로공사 6개 지역본부(충청, 호남, 경북, 경남, 경인, 강원)에서 시행된 아스팔트 덧씌우기 포장공사에 적용하였으며, 이 과정에서 제기된 고려사항 및 문제점을 정리하였다. 결론적으로, 품질항목에 대한 평가결과가 품질관리한계를 만족하는 경우에는 기존 공사비 대비 최대 50% 가까이 인센티브 지급이 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 반면에, 다짐도와 같은 주요 성능관련 품질이 낮을 경우 기존 공사비 대비 최대 10% 가까이 공사비 감액도 있을 수 있음을 확인하였다.

빗자루병에 의하여 심각하게 이병된 제주도 5.16도로의 왕벚나무 가로수들에 대하여 피해 상황과 이병 발병 원인을 생태적으로 밝히고 그에 따른 방제 대책을 마련키 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 왕벚나무 가로수 중 45년생 이상의 노거수들은 거의 모두가 심각한 정도의 빗자루병에 감염되었으며, 30년생 역시 모든 나무들이 감염되었으나 중간 정도의 발병 반응을 보이고 있었다. 그러나 수령이 23년생 미만의 왕벚나무들은 병징을 찾아볼 수 없는 건전주로 생장하고 있었다. 3년 주기로 전정 작업을 실시한 제주대학교 입구에 식재된 왕벚나무에서는 도로변 남쪽면의 나무들이 북쪽면에 비해 병 발생이 심하고 생육 또한 저조하였다. 병 발생이 심각한 산천단으로부터 견월악까지의 횡단로 좌우 인근 30m내에 자생하는 벚나무들은 수령에 따라 차이는 있지만 병 발생이 경미하였다.

In this study, the effect of slope length and angle at the entrance to fishing pots on the size of captured shrimp was examined to determine the optimal design of pots for use in Hokkaido, Japan. The purpose of the current study was to optimize the design of shrimp pots to allow greater control over the size of captured individuals for the purposes of shrimp resource management. Tank experiments were conducted to determine the optimal slope length and slope angle by analyzing the sizes of shrimp entering 10 model pots with combinations of five different slope lengths on slope angle of current shrimp pot, and five different angles on slope length of current shrimp pot. The results showed that, as the slope length of the pot increased, the size of individuals which entered the pot increased. In addition, as the slope angle was elevated in each of the five different slope angle treatments, the size of individuals entering was also increased.