In this chapter 8, I discuss a running piglet disease(奔豚氣病), its causes, symptoms and prescription. The name of the running piglet(奔豚) disease dates back to old times, and it is not clinically reported these days. The symptoms of the running piglet disease(奔豚氣病) is characterized by unberable pain in the lower abdomen, the chest and the throat, followed by complete disappearance of these symptoms with passage of time. In my view, the causes of the running piglet disease(奔豚氣病) can be divided into three categories: startle and panic, and the excessive fluid(水飮). In this chapter 13, I elaborate on three diseases: a wasting-thirst(消渴), a dribbling urination(小便不利),1)a strangury disease(淋病). I discuss these three diseases in one chapter because they share the same symptoms of thirst and abnormal urination and the symptoms occur mainly in the kidney(腎) and the urinary bladder(膀胱). A wasting-thirst(消渴) has the main symptoms of drinking water and eating food excessively as well as urinating a lot. A disease symptomized by thirst(消渴) is typically divided into upper wasting-thirst(上消), middle wasting-thirst(中消), and lower wasting-thirst(下消) by clinicians. Specifically, I discuss the mechanism of disease of upper wasting-thirst(上消) and lower wasting-thirst(下消), treatment principles of and prescriptions for upper wasting-thirst(上消) and lower wasting-thirst(下消), and pathology of middle wasting-thirst(中消) in this chapter. Based on the view that a dribbling urination(小便不利) is not a disease per se but a label for the symptom of short and insufficient urination, I discuss water amassment syndrome(蓄水證), yang bringtness disease pattern(陽明病), and a dribbling urination(小便不利) that is accompanied by various diseases. A strangury disease(淋病) has the main symptoms of insufficient and trickling urination that is often accompanied by pain perception. In this chapter, I discuss about stone strangury(石淋) in particular. These three diseases merit in-depth discussion since they are clinically observed with high frequency.

Deformed wing virus (DWV) of honeybees (Apis mellifera) is closely associated with characteristic wing deformities, abdominal bloating, paralysis, and rapid mortality of emerging adult bees. Here, we report for the first time the occurrence of DWV-infected bumble bees (Bombus terrestris). For the present study, the detection of DWV virus from the adult bumble bee, death adult bumble bee, mail bumble bee, pupa and larva to the infection cycle was investigated in the same colony. Using specific RT-PCR protocols for the detection of DWV followed by sequencing of the PCR products we could demonstrate that the bumble bees were indeed infected with DWV. The virus was detected from diseased insects, and its partial DWV gene was cloned and sequenced. The partial DWV gene encoding the polyprotein is 711-nt of 235 amino acid residues. The deduced nucleotide sequence of the polyprotein partial gene of DWV showed 96.9%, 96.2%, 96.8%, and 96.5% homology to other structure polyprotein partial gene of DWV, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis further conformed that the deduced nucleotide sequence of the polyprotein partial gene of DWV divided to the outside tree. We describe the first time that presence of Deformed wing virus(DWV) from bumble bee(Bombus terrestris) in korea using RT-PCR.

Insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was determined to be basically involved in a EPN-resistant (ER) strain and ER contaminated susceptible (CS) strain of diamondback moth (DBM, Plutella xylostella L.), as estimated by the AChE inhibition assay using DDVP as a inhibitor in nondenaturing electrophoresis gel. ER strain exhibited very high insensitivity revel, high resistance ratio and two point mutations (G227A, A201S) in ace1. CS strain showed intermediate insensitivity level, low resistance ratio and a point mutation (G227A). This finding suggests that the A201S mutation along with reported G227A mutation (Baek et al, 2005) can be main player to develop the organophosphate resistance. Additionally, surveyed seven local population DBMs saturated G227A mutation and A201S mutation mixed in some population. Also A441G mutation was detected in some population, but there was no significant correlation. These results suggest that A201S mutation could be one of the good candidate for molecular diagnosis marker of resistance monitoring.

본 논문은 수산자원보호구역의 효과적이고 합리적인 관리방향에 대한 정책수립 지원라 체계적인 어장환경실태조사 시스템 구축을 위한 사전 진단적 연구접근으로서 수산자원보호구역에서 계절별로 장기적으로 모니터링된 국가해양환경측정망 등의 자료를 이용해서 어장환경의 실태와 변화를 분석하고 평가하였다. 어장환경은 오염이 진행되었거나 진행 중인 것으로 진단되었는데, 각 영역별로 수질과 저질 오염특성이 다소 다르게 나타나서 오염원과 이용실태 및 지형적 특성 등 제반 환경요소를 고려한 맞춤형 수질관리방안 수립이 요구되었다. 또한, 보호구역의 지정면적은 점차적으로 변화되어 왔는데, 2003년도와 처음 시정시의 면적을 비교해 볼 때, 총 면적변화는 -22.9~2.4% 범위로 완도 도암만은 약 2.4% 정도 미미한 증가를 보였지만, 전체 구역은 평균 약 6.4%가 감소하였고, 한산만이 가장 큰 비율로 감소하였다. 전체 면적 중 육역이 약 6.1%, 해역이 약 6.6%가 감소되었지만, 2008년 시 군별로 고시된 상황을 종합적으로 고려하면 지정면적의 감소는 대부분 육역인 것으로 사료 되었다. 보호구역의 환경을 양호하게 유지하고 효과적인 관리정책을 수립하기 위해서는 실효적인 수질관리방안 뿐만 아니라 개발 및 이용실태 파악을 위한 조사와 데이터(정보)관리가 체계적으로 이루어지고 해역별로 종합 관리할 필요가 있을 것이다. 아울러 각종 관련 법률을 정비 보완해서 조사, 평가, 협의 등 관리방향과 관련된 요소를 일관성있고 체계적으로 정립할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

The goal of this study is to propose the effective method of investigating the injurious factors and making improved plans that prevents the workers against musculoskeletal disorders at an diesel engine manufacturing company and the same business field with similar working conditions and process. A questionnaire were adopted to analyze the symptoms of workers' musculoskeletal disorders, and an ergonomic assessment method such as RULA, OWAS were performed to find out harmful factors of workplace and working posture. Based on the result of the evaluation, to enhance the working environment, improvement of worktable, working space, tools, and outfit was suggested, and induction of mechanical system was also suggested. It can be concluded that the method and process described in this paper could be helpful for diagnosing the musculoskeletal disorders and making improvement plans to the diesel engine fuel injection system manufacturing company and the same business field with similar working conditions and process.

Root knot nematode species, such as Meloidogyne hapla, M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. javanica are economically most notorious nematode pests, causing serious damage to the various crops throughout world. In this study, DNA sequence analyses of the D1-D3 expansion segments of the 28S gene in the ribosomal DNA were conducted to characterize genetic variation of the four Meloidogyne species obtained from Korea and United States. PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) marker and RAPD (Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA) also were used to develop the methods for exact and rapid species identification. In the sequence analysis of the D1-D3 expansion segments, only a few nucleotide sequence variation were detected among M. incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica, except for M. hapla. The PCR-RFLP analysis that involves amplification of the mitochondrial COII and lrRNA region yielded one distinct amplicon for M. hapla at 500 bp, enabling us to distinguish M. hapla from M. incognita, M. arenaria, M. javanica reproduced by obligate mitotic parthenogenesis. SCAR markers successfully identified the four root knot nematode species tested. We are under development of RAPD primers specific to the three root knot nematodes found in Korea.

본 논문은 상대적으로 새로운 기법인 Parzen Density Estimation과 Multi-class SVM을 이용한 지능형 고장 탐색과 진단 방법을 제안하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 롤링 베어링을 대상으로 고장을 탐색하고 진단하기 위한 방법을 제안하는데 Parzen Density Estimation과 Multi-class SVM은 고장 클래스를 잘 표현할 수 있다. Parzen Density Estimation은 새로운 패턴 데이터의 거절과 알려진 데

Immunohistochemical localization of vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), myelin basic protein (MBP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were performed to confirm the canine schwannoma diagnosed histologically. Biopsy samples from skin masses occurred on a 6 year old female dog and a 13 year old female dog were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Histologically, the tumor tissues showed the characteristics of schwannoma mainly composed of predominantly fusiform or spindle cells. The cells are arranged in small interwoven bundles with intervening fibrous and mucinous stroma that imitate a herringbone pattern. The cell nuclei have an elongated, wavy, buckled appearnce and closely bunched together. In high magnification, mitotic figure, nuclear hyperchromatism, pleomorphism and poorly defined cytoplasms were noted. the vimentin was highly expressed in the cytoplasm of all neoplastic cells. Positive reactions against NSE and GFAP, widely used to suggest a neural origin of cell types, are observed in cytoplasms of tumor cells. These results can be used as a reference data for definitive diagnosis of canine schwannoma.

Metastatic tumors in oral cavity are rare, where their prognoses are considered to be extremely poor. Unless recognizing its primary origin, pathologic diagnoses for metastatic cancer have been troublesome for oral pathologists. This retrograde analysis was aimed at providing practical suggestion for the diagnoses of metastatic cancers to oral and maxillofacial region. We reviewed 20 patients diagnosed as metastatic cancers to oral cavity from 1991 to 2007. The patients were classified according to their clinical and histologic findings. We also reviewed 19 patients of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and 16 patients of adenoid cystic carcinoma to compare with those of metastatic cancers. Immunohistochemical staining for CK 5/6, CK 17, TTF-1, CEA was performed for differential diagnosis. Histologically, 20 cases compromised 11 cases of adenocarcinoma, 5 cases of undifferentiated carcinoma, 3 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, and one papillary carcinoma. The lung was the most common site for primary site (5/20), followed by the breast (2/20). In metastatic adenocarcinoma, TTF-1 positive cases were one lung cancer and a rectal cancer, and carcinomas from breast and rectum showed CK5/6 positive reaction. CEA was expressed in gastric and rectal carcinomas. In 19 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 13 cases (68.4%) are CK5/6 (+). In 16 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, 11 cases (68.8%) showed the positive reaction for CK5/6. TTF-1 is an antibody to show high sensitivity and specificity for lung adenocarcinoma, therefore, TTF-1 is helpful to make a diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinomas from lung. Adenocarcinomas originated from salivary glands show high CK5/6 expression, but metastatic adenocarcinomas, except of those from breast and rectum, show no CK5/6 expression, lending support that CK5/6 may be useful to differentiate metastatic adenocarcinomas from carcinomas of salivary gland origin.

To establish a rapid diagnosis method for the monitoring of acaricide resistance in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, we evaluated the performance of residual contact vial (RCV) method as a routine bioassay for T. urticae by using two widely used acaricides, abamectin and tebupenpyrad. Appropriate concentrations of test acaricides were dissolved in acetone and evenly coated (100 μl) onto the inside wall of a 4-ml glass vial using a rolling machine. The average survival times in untreated control vial was longer than 12 hrs in the absence of food or water regardless of cap being closed or open. Webbing behavior of mites inside the vial, which may interfere with maximum chemical contact, began to be observed from 8 hrs post treatment. The minimum concentrations causing 100% mortality within 8 hrs posttreatment in a susceptible strain of T. urticae were determined to be 30 and 60 ppm in abamectin and tebupenpyrad, respectively. Dose-response curve was significantly affected by temperature in both acaricides, in which the knockdown rate increased greatly as temperature increased. The endpoint mortality at 6-8 hrs posttreatment, however, was not significantly affected by temperature. Nymphal stage of mites showed more rapid intoxication response than adults but endpoint mortality at 6-8 hrs posttreatment was not substantially different between developmental stages. When compared with the results from conventional spray method, RCV method showed moderate to high correlation coefficients (r=0.51~0.98), suggesting that it is a reliable in determining susceptibility of T. urticae. The vial-coated pesticides were stable at least one year when stored at -20°C as determined by LC-MS/MS analysis. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the bioassay results in repeated experiments with three different persons, indicative of high reproducibility of RCV. The RCV diagnostic kit, when used by farmers on site, should provide crucial and essential information for the selection of most suitable acaricides for different field populations of T. urticae.

Since 1995, the facility of class 1 and 2, classified by law had been subject to system of post maintenance management where periodic safety inspection and diagnosis to identify any problems and to take appropriate measures as a matter of urgency. Although the standards and systems had been revised many times for continuous improvement due to surrounding environmental factors, the technical factors and other factors for improvements, continuous researches and efforts are needed to ensure even higher effectiveness. Furthermore, the consciousness of the management body that executes and implements such improvements for facility management is most important. Therefore in this study, through such analysis, more realistic management consciousness review was performed. Also the direction for improvements is proposed, to carry out more effective facility safety management systems implementation.

A 13-year-old, male mixed breed dog was presented to Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University for diagnosis and treatment of enlarged mass in right inguinal region. On hematological test, monocytes and neutrophils were slight increased, but other hematological values were normal. On radiological finding, opacity and size of mass in right inguinal region were increased. The mass and testis were removed surgically. Removed mass was oval-shpae and bulky with 5.6×7.6×5.2 cm. Histopathological finding of the mass revealed large and round to polyhedral cells and it was diagnosed as malignant seminoma. That was diffuse type seminoma near to malignant tumor without metastasis. During the follow-up for 13 months, patient showed normal contition without recurrence.

Korea' s plant pest management is largely divided, depending on the area of occurrence, among 3 organizations including National Plant Quarantine Service (responsible for pests and diseases on imported and exported agricultural products), Rural Development Administration (responsible for pests and diseases on crops), and Korea Forest Service (responsible for pests and diseases on forest) and has experienced difficulty in plant pest identification, sharing information on pest occurrence and taking joint responses. In order to address the problem of independent system operated by each organizations and to effectively manage the pest and disease problem at home and abroad,’A Plant Pest Diagnosis Network System" was established to allow experts from NPQS, research institutes and universities to discuss freely and to exchange the images of pest and disease as well as information on the occurrence using the internet, and a pool of 113 experts responsible for Diagnosis of plant pest was formed. This system is in operation in 31 regional and branch offices of NPQS, 6 external organizations including National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Korea National Arboretum and universities such as Seoul National University, University of Incheon, and Sangji University, and is very helpful in blocking the introduction of foreign pests, implementing countermeasures at an early stage and providing support for export of Korean agricultural products. Furthermore, this project will be further promoted, and plans to increase the number of participating organization in 2008 and 2009 and to expand the expert pool on pest and disease classification and identification, in order to improve it as "a national plant pest crisis management system" that can handle all issues including surveillance of plant pests and diseases at home and abroad, classification and identification, sharing of information, and pest control and prevention.

The goal of this study is to propose the effective method of investigating the injurious factors and making improved plans that prevents the workers against musculoskeletal disorders at an autopart company and the same business field with similar working conditions and process. A questionnaire were adopted to analyze the symptoms of workers' musculoskeletal disorders, and an ergonomic assessment method such as QEC, RULA, S.I were performed to find out harmful factors of workplace and working posture. Based on the result of the evaluation, to enhance the working environment, improvement of worktable, working space, tools, and outfit was suggested, and induction of mechanical system was also suggested. It can be concluded that the method and process described in this paper could be helpful for diagnosing the musculoskeletal disorders and making improvement plans to the autopart company and the same business field with similar working conditions and process.

This study concentrates on analyzing the realities of the early childhood education in North Korea. After the liberation of Korea, the North drew all of their policies out of Karl Marx’s and Nikolai Lenin’s socialistic ideology. The early childhood education policy has been one of the policies to fulfill Marx’s ideology which after the establishment of the juche ideology in 1970 replaced the child nurture education ideology. North Korea’s child nurture education ideology can be classified as first, growing the child into a revolutionary juche type person. Second, make them recognize Kim Il Sung as the only leader for the juche ideology. Third, educate them to be guardians for the revolution of communism. And finally, it can be classified as the liberation of the female from children fostering and family duties. After the death of their chief Kim Il Sung in 1994, their system changed by focusing on Kim Jung Il. During 1999, in which North Korean law and ordinances experienced fast changes, the 1976 enacted [early childhood education law] underwent additions and rectifications. Looking at North Korea’s early childhood education based on those changes, children now are receiving collectively nurture education at early childhood education institutions such as day nursing centers and Kindergarten, if early at age of 1 month. Early childhood education expenses are all covered by the government and society. The basic idea of the preschool system is to raise them strong and implant a communistic mind early on. In North Korea children age 1 month to 3 years old receive nurture education at the day nursing center, and children of age 4 years to 5 years receive their education at the Kindergarten. They maintain a same age grouping system. Especially in Kindergarten the preschool education of the higher classes are regarded as compulsive education. North Korea’s early childhood education has a lot to do with the woman’s liberation of household responsibilities. Therefore the configuration of the childcare institutions is divided regarding women employment patterns. Thus, there are childcare institutions in which they can entrust their child for one day, one week, 10 days, or even for one month. The purpose of North Korea’s early childhood education is to prepare the ground for the school education in which the main focus is on ideology. Particularly in 1995, after Kim Il Sung’s death, they published an education guide with the title ‘Children have to be well educated from early on’and thereby enforced ideology education for children. It appeared that the main context about the ideology education is based on stories about Kim Il Sung’s and Kim Jung Il’s childhood. According to the principal of North Korea’s educational constitution they enforce intellectual education, culture of aesthetic sentiments and physical education to create an overall developed communistic being which has combined aspects of revolutionary-, working class conversions and virtue and knowledge. In terms of intellectual education in which classes are focused on the teacher, nowadays tend to practice more active participation methods which involve singing and observations, most of the class material is still about Kim Il Sung and Kim Jung Il. An efficient way to transmit educational context is to make them aware, classify them into age and physiological characteristics and assuring a unified way of teaching, and so on. The training for new teachers of formal school education and early childhood education falls to the obligation of each province. Thus, every district has the obligation and responsibility to educate new teachers or caretakers of the day nursing center and Kindergarten through formal school education channels. In case of shortage of teachers and caretakers they use informal school education channels to supply of those. Furthermore present teachers are required to take re-education classes to provide for excellent performance. This re-education is exists to extend the teachers pragmatic political abilities and to put emphasized meaning on the revolutionary worldview.

This study is to offer the basic information and materials for the restoration of the urban forest and the ecologically healthy and continuous green belt through the investigation and the analysis on the vegetation in Madong Park, Iksan-City. The flora of Madong Neighborhood park was composed of 65 families, 153 genera, 169 species, 19 varieties， 2 formae or 196 taxa. Some characteristics of the plants in this area have represented such as Th-D4- Rs type in biological type, erect form (35.71%), in growth type， 21 taxa in naturalized plants. The life form spectra investigated from Iksan neighborhood park was recognized as the following Th :21. 9%, H:17.4%, Th(w):11.7%, G:9.7%, M:6.6%, Ch:5.1%, HH(Th):4.1%, HH: 1. 5%. By the Z-M method 2 plant communities was recognized PÍnus thunbergii community and PÍnus rigida community. The pattern of successional trend of tree species might be suggested : p. rigida and P. th unberglÏ • Q uercus variabjJis and Q acutissima • Q serrata community. Finally, The vegetation of the Madong neighborhood park must not allowed any more. Nothing can be better than native states in preserving the ecosystems.