Seasonal succession of zooplankton community and species composition was studied from 2003 to 2014 in a deep reservoir, Lake Soyang, in monsoon climate region, Korea. Annual precipitation was concentrated more than 70% between June and September and it showed remarkably that seasonal variation in water quality. Seasonal variation of water quality in Lake Soyang appeared to be more significant than annual variations, and the inflow of turbid water during the summer rainfall was the most important environmental factor. Zooplankton sepecies composition in Lake Soyang showed obvious tendency through two periods (May to June and August to October) every year. Small zooplankton (rotifer; Keratella cochlearis, Polyarthra vulgaris) dominated in spring and mesozooplankton such as copepods and crustaceans were dominant in summer and fall. Zooplankton biomass showed the maximum in September after monsoon rainfall, and chlorophyll showed a similar seasonal variation and it showed a high correlation (r=0.45). The increase of zooplankton biomass is considered to be a bottom-up effect due to the increase of primary producers and inflow of nutrients and organic matter from rainfall. In this study, we found that the variation of zooplankton community was affected by rainfall in monsoon climate region and inflow of turbid water was an important environmental factor, which influenced the water quality, zooplankton seasonal succession in Lake Soyang. It was also considered to be influenced by hydrological characteristics of lake and environment of watershed. In conclusion, seasonal succession of zooplankton species composition was the same as the PEG model. But seasonal succession of zooplankton biomass differed not only in the temperate lake but also in the monsoon region.

Long-term variation of zooplankton community and species composition was studied from 2003 to 2014 in a deep reservoir, Lake Soyang, in monsoon climate region, Korea. In addition, we examined the correlation with environmental factors. Annual precipitation of watershed showed a large variation in the 705~1,779 mm yr-1 and more than 70% of it was being concentrated from June to September. The water quality of Lake Soyang was shown a clearly seasonal variations and particularly turbid water flowing into the lake during rainy season was the most important environmental factors. Zooplankton community in Lake Soyang showed a significant difference before and after 2006. Zooplankton biomass has shown a large increase and also showed a change in the zooplankton community structure since 2006. The of zooplankton showed positive correlation with temperature and BOD, Chl. a, TP concentration. These results are considered that nutrient and organic matter contained in the turbid water influences the increase in zooplankton biomass and species composition. However, water quality was limited to account for the increase in biomass of zooplankton. For example, increase of small zooplankton density (rotifer; Keratella cochlearis, Polyarthra vulgaris) in spring which is dominated by diatoms (large size; Melosira, Synedra etc.) is considered as a bottom-up effect by the microbial loop. And increased density of crustaceans in autumn was considered a top-down effects by the relationship between predator and prey of microzooplankton and mesozooplankton. In other words the inflow of allochthonous organic matter during rainy season also affected to zooplankton food web in Lake Soyang. In conclusion, biomass, diversity and long-term variations of zooplankton in Lake Soyang were determined by physico-chemical factors but also it is considered that biological interactions is important.

본 연구는 자연형 도시공원 생태자원의 효율적인 보전관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 식생의 자연성 평가를 실시하였다.도시식생의 자연성 평가를 위하여 전형적인 중ㆍ소도시인 익산시의 5개 자연형 도시공원을 연구 대상지로 선정하였으며,자연성 평가를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다.1. 익산시 5개 도시자연공원의 식물상은 84과 208속 261종 1아종 3품종 34변종의 총 299종류로 조사되었다.2. 익산시 5개 도시자연공원에 분포하는 식물들의 생활형의 특징은 H-D4-R5의 유형으로 나타났고 생육형에서는 직립형이우세하였다.3. 생활형 스펙트럼을 분석한 결과 M(소형지상식물): 20.0%±1.0%, N(미소지상식물): 10.2%±1.5%, E(착생식물): 2.5%±1.0%, Ch(지표식물): 5.2%±0.8%, H(반지중식물): 22.3%±2.5%, G(지중식물): 9.6%±1.1%, HH(수생식물): 4.5%±0.8%, Th(1년생식물):27.3%±3.7%로 나타났다.4. 식생 자연성 평가에서 III등급인 배산을 제외한 4개 도시자연공원은 IV등급이다. 전체적으로 익산시 주요 도시자연공원의자연성은 높지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

This study is to offer the basic information and materials for the restoration of the urban forest and the ecologically healthy and continuous green belt through the investigation and the analysis on the vegetation in Madong Park, Iksan-City. The flora of Madong Neighborhood park was composed of 65 families, 153 genera, 169 species, 19 varieties， 2 formae or 196 taxa. Some characteristics of the plants in this area have represented such as Th-D4- Rs type in biological type, erect form (35.71%), in growth type， 21 taxa in naturalized plants. The life form spectra investigated from Iksan neighborhood park was recognized as the following Th :21. 9%, H:17.4%, Th(w):11.7%, G:9.7%, M:6.6%, Ch:5.1%, HH(Th):4.1%, HH: 1. 5%. By the Z-M method 2 plant communities was recognized PÍnus thunbergii community and PÍnus rigida community. The pattern of successional trend of tree species might be suggested : p. rigida and P. th unberglÏ • Q uercus variabjJis and Q acutissima • Q serrata community. Finally, The vegetation of the Madong neighborhood park must not allowed any more. Nothing can be better than native states in preserving the ecosystems.