본고는 대화의 의도성을 연구 문제로 하여, 법정 대화, 易中天, 赵薇의 인터뷰 대 화를 화용론 시각에서 분석하였다. 대화의 의도성 정도 파악은 언어 배후의 의미가 대화 전체에 미치는 영향을 이해하는 데 도움을 준다. 본고는 대화 전체 화제와 단 락 화제를 통해 의도성 정도의 일차적 판단 후, 인접쌍과 화행의 분석하여 이를 의 도성과 구체적으로 연결하였다. 분석 결과 의도성이 명확한 정도는 법정 대화 > 易 中天 > 赵薇의 인터뷰 대화 순으로 나타났다. 단계별 분석을 통하여 객관적인 분석, 도식화를 통한 인터뷰 과정을 직관적으로 관찰을 시도한 점에서 의의가 있다.

This study examined how the public perceives gendered language through conversations among women in their 20s in TV entertainment programs. Specifically, it challenged the notion that there is no distinct gendered language difference in conversations among women in their 20s as observed in the reality variety shows Bbyongbbyong Planet Arcade Season 2 on tvN and HyeMiri YECHEPA on ENA. Through a perception survey targeting 35 individuals aged 20 to 40 years, consisting of two discourse scenarios labeled Survey 1 and Survey 2, this study investigated public perceptions of conversational styles. Survey 1 presents conversations between women and men, while Survey 2 transcribes conversations between women. Consequently, while the language usage and conversational styles of women in their 20s are evolving, it is evident that the public still perceives gendered language differences as typical of male and female speech patterns.

Bae, Seunghui, Choi, Mingyeong & Lee, Hyeyong. (2023). “The Dialog Pattern of Voice Phishing Conversation: Focusing on the Impersonation of an Investigative Agency”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 31(4), 203-233. This study examined the dialog pattern in the structure and progress of conversations by analyzing actual voice phishing conversations. The study aimed to reconstruct the Dialog Pattern by synthesizing the structure of the conversation and the pattern of the development process found in several actual conversations. The dialog pattern of voice phishing is divided into six functional phases: approaching the victim, threatening criminal involvement, social isolation, vertical relationship enhancement, induction of withdrawal, and check withdrawal. The process of the voice phishing criminal exercising power over the victim and attempting financial fraud by unilaterally leading the conversation was demonstrated in each derived phase. This study provides basic data for the study of voice phishing conversations and can be used in education related to the prevention of voice phishing damage in the future.

본 연구는 고기능 자폐 스펙트럼 장애아동을 대상으로 App-기반 청자 대화기술 훈련프로그램의 효과를 검증하고 자 하였다. 연구대상은 26명의 자폐 스펙트럼 장애, 아스퍼거 증후군, 전반적 발달장애로 진단된 초등학생으로, 연령 과 IQ, SCQ, ASSQ 점수를 사용하여 중재 집단과 통제 집단으로 짝지어 분배하였다. 중재 집단은 9주 동안 교사와의 비대면 학습을 주 1회 실시하고, 가정에서도 부모 또는 아동이 앱(App)을 활용하여 대화훈련을 실시하였다. 통제 집단은 다른 특별한 프로그램에 참여하지 않았다. 그리고 훈련 전과 후에 평가자와 아동 간의 1:1 대화를 수행하여 대화 자료를 수집하고, 대화차례 주고받기와 주제 운용능력의 변화를 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 중재 집단에서 본 연구에서 개발한 청자 반응 대화훈련 프로그램의 긍정적 효과가 발견되었다. 구체적으로, 중재 집단은 청자 조건에서 적절한 청자 언어 반응이 유지되었고, 통제 집단은 적절한 청자 언어 반응이 감소하였다. 그리고 화자 조건의 대화 차례 주고받기에서는 개시율과 유지율이 증가하고, 주제 운용능력에서는 적절한 주제 개시율이 증가하고, 부적절한 주제 개시율은 감소하였다. 논의에서는 청자 반응 대화훈련 프로그램이 고기능 자폐 스펙트럼 장애아동의 대화 양상 변화에 미치는 효과를 중점적으로 논의하였다.

Miae Ahn (2023). “A Study of the /ㅜ/ Replacement of /ㅗ/ in Korean Messenger Corpus”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 31(2), 157-176. This study examines the realization of the /ㅜ/ replacement of /ㅗ/ observed at the end of words in the messenger conversation corpus(MCC), comparing it with the results from the “Seoul Corpus(SC; Yoon Y. K. 2020)”. In the "MCC", the frequency of /ㅜ/ replacement of /ㅗ/ was investigated in the following order: postposition, connection ending, and adverbs. Among these, adverbs exhibited the highest realization rate for the /ㅜ/ replacement. In contrast, connection ending and surveys in the SC showed similar frequencies (43.8%, 52.1%). The /ㅜ/ replacement rate for connection ending was found to be 43.8%, while for surveys and adverbs, it was 52.1% and 51.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the /ㅜ/ replacement rate of /ㅗ/ was consistently high in all linguistic contexts in the "SC" However, the text-based "MCC" exhibited a lower realization rate for the /ㅜ/ replacement of /ㅗ/ compared with to the natural speech. This discrepancy is attributed to the influence of text-based conversations, which incorporatesphonetic notation consciousness reflecting linguistic norms and the phonetic preferences of the conversation participants. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the realization patterns of the /ㅜ/ replacement in different linguistic contexts, shedding light on the variations between text-based and natural speech corpora.

Hong miju. (2023). “Phonological Variation in Messenger Conversations-Conversations of Female Speakers in Seoul 30-50s, Korea, in Their 30-50s”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 31(2), 125-155. This study aimed to identify the phonological variation in the messenger conversations of female speakers in their 30-50s. In addition, we compared the phonological variation of speakers in their teens and twenties. To this end, we divided phonological variation into replacement, addition, elision, and contraction in the National Institute of the Korean Language messenger corpus and presented the degree of realization using quantitative methods. As a result, we found that replacements accounted for a significant proportion of phonological changes in messenger conversations of people in their 30s and 50s, with a large proportion of vowel replacements and a variety of types. Among the vowel replacements, the degree of vowel rising and labialization was high. In addition to the phonological variants in Messenger conversations reflecting spoken pronunciation, we also observed a number of variants that are not realized in spoken language. In terms of age, the types of vowel replacement, consonant replacement, vowel addition, and consonant addition were more varied in the conversations of 30-50 year olds, while the variation of replacing a plain vowel with a labialized vowel was more active in the conversations of 10-20 year olds.

이 논문은 이슬람교, 힌두교, 불교의 종주국이 자리잡고, 국교 이외의 종교가 행하는 선교활동과 개종이 국법으로 금해져 있는 상황에 서 로마가톨릭교회의 아시아주교회의연합회(FABC)가 표명하는 대화 를 통한 선교를 신학적, 역사적 배경을 중심으로 정리하였다. 이들이 제시하는 종교·문화·가난한 이들과의 삼중 대화는 이들 안에 활동하 시는 성령의 활동을 전제한다. 여기서 대화는 선교의 수단이 아니라 교회 자신도 대화를 통해 성장하는 계기로 제시된다. 그 바탕에는 인간의 지성으로 모두 파악할 수 없는 하느님의 신비를 상정하는 자세가 놓여있다. 이러한 대화적 선교는 타종교와 문화가 그리스도교를 예비하 는 단계이며 구원은 교회를 통해서 이루어진다는 입장을 포기하지 않는다. 다만 하느님 나라를 살아가는 삶을 구원 메시지 선포의 중심점 에 정위시키고 있을 뿐이다. 이처럼 FABC는 삶의 현장에서 대화로 시작되고 실천에서 깊게 어우러진 만남에서 이교인들이 그리스도를 만나고 그 가르침에 담긴 구원을 체험하도록 초대한다. 그 초대에서 아시아인들이 영적으로, 윤리적이며 지성적으로, 그리고 사회정치적 으로 구원을 경험할 때 교회를 통해 활동하시는 성령을 받아들이고 교회로 들어온다고 전망하기 때문이다.

논문은 예이츠의 후기 시 ｢자아와 영혼의 대화｣를 니체의 관점에서 재해석 하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 우선, RISS에 발표된 국내 논문의 제목에 자아(Ego)와 자기(Self)란 용어가 어떻게 사용되는 지를 통계학적으로 고찰한다. 그 다음에 융과 프로이트의 심리학적 측면에서 이 두 개념은 어떠한 차이점이 있는지 살펴 본 후에 니체가 󰡔차라투스트라는 이렇게 말했다󰡕에서 자아와 자기, 그리고 영혼에 대해서 어떠한 생각을 가지고 있었는지에 대해 고찰 한다. 마지막으로, 이 시의 1부와 2부 각 연에 반영된 니체의 사상에 대해 󰡔차라투스트라는 이렇게 말했다󰡕를 중심으로 심층 분석한다.

본 연구는 일상 대화 말뭉치를 통해 <너무/되게/엄청 + 형용 사>의 의미적 선호를 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 분석 결과, <너무+형 용사>에서는 [경험-심리]가 높은 선호도를 보였으며, <되게+형용사> 에서는 [경험-논리], <엄청+형용사>에서는 [사물-측량]이 높은 선호도 를 보였다. 한편, 세 정도부사에서 사물에 대한 추상적 묘사를 의미하 는 [사물-추상]의 의미 선호는 1건도 나타나지 않았다. 또한, 대부분의 의미 유형에서 <너무+형용사>의 의미 선호가 가장 많았으나 [사물- 형태]에서는 <되게+형용사>의 의미 선호가 많았다. 향후 정도부사의 피수식어로 동사나 ‘명사+이다’ 등의 의미적 선호 양상 분석이 이루어 지기를 바란다.

In this paper analyzed the features of how native Korean speakers (K) and native Vietnamese Korean learners (VKL) organize the Apology conversation, focusing on the functional phase. Based on the discourse analysis, a role play was conducted to collect data. In order to investigate the influence of social variables (social status, intimacy), learners' mother tongues and learners' Korean proficiency, different social variables were given in role-play situations, and learners' Korean proficiency was limited to intermediate and advanced levels. The results of analyzing conversations focusing on ‘Error Checking–Apology-Apology Acceptance’, which is the intermediate phase of Apology conversation, are as follows. First, in the Error Checking Phase, K tended to make indirect or preliminary remarks. In contrast, VKL immediately presented communication purposes, and advanced VKL tended to use indirect speech and additional statement. Second, in the Apology phase, the higher social status the other party has and the lower intimacy the two speakers has, the more passive K were. Interestingly, VKL showed the same pattern. For intermediate-level VKL, it was observed that the dialogue sequences were not completed. Third, in the Apology Acceptance phase, K repeatedly expressed apologies through complex dialogue sequences. However, VKL performed a concise conversation by simple dialogue sequences, and the intermediate-level VKL expressed ‘relief’ and ‘gratitude’.

Most of real-world decision-making processes are used to optimize problems with many objectives of conflicting. Since the betterment of some objectives requires the sacrifice of other objectives, different objectives may not be optimized simultaneously. Consequently, Pareto solution can be considered as candidates of a solution with respect to a multi-objective optimization (MOP). Such problem involves two main procedures: finding Pareto solutions and choosing one solution among them. So-called multi-objective genetic algorithms have been proved to be effective for finding many Pareto solutions. In this study, we suggest a fitness evaluation method based on the achievement level up to the target value to improve the solution search performance by the multi-objective genetic algorithm. Using numerical examples and benchmark problems, we compare the proposed method, which considers the achievement level, with conventional Pareto ranking methods. Based on the comparison, it is verified that the proposed method can generate a highly convergent and diverse solution set. Most of the existing multi-objective genetic algorithms mainly focus on finding solutions, however the ultimate aim of MOP is not to find the entire set of Pareto solutions, but to choose one solution among many obtained solutions. We further propose an interactive decision-making process based on a visualized trade-off analysis that incorporates the satisfaction of the decision maker. The findings of the study will serve as a reference to build a multi-objective decision-making support system.

This paper analyses various types of unethical expressions and distribution features in both large-scale broadcasting corpus and messenger corpus. The use of these unethical expressions appear to vary considerably depending on the register. As such, annotations for de-identification should be based on a register-specific approach rather than a general one. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, unethical expressions are categorized into four types: 'swearing expressions, hate speech, aggressive expressions, and sexual expressions.' Second, the quantitative analysis shows that the amount of unethical expressions in messenger is much higher than in broadcasting. Third, the proportion of [+person] expressions is very high in broadcast conversations, while swearing expressions account for more than 90% of the unethical expressions in the messenger corpus. Our study suggests that register variation, contextual information and language categories beyond word unit need to be reconsidered to detect unethical expressions.

이 연구는 Skype를 활용하여 일본인 고급 학습자의 구어 오류 양상을 분석하고 교육적 의의를 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 학습자 발 화 2,947어절을 대상으로 오류 양상을 분석하였다. 그 결과 문법 오류가 34건으로 가장 많았으며 어휘(26건), 발음(22건), 담화(4건) 오류 순으로 나타났다. 이로써 알 수 있는 것은 첫째, 고급 학습자임에도 불구하고 모국 어 간섭의 영향을 여전히 받고 있다는 점. 둘째, 어휘 오류에서는 학습 어휘량이 많아지면서 유사 어휘에 의한 오류가 많이 나타난 점. 셋째, 두 언어의 문법 체계가 비슷하다고는 하지만 그럼에도 문법 오류가 가장 많이 발생했다는 점이다. 향후 일본인 학습자를 대상으로 교수를 할 때 이런한 점을 고려하여 이루어져야할 것이다.

This paper analyzes the footing shift by focusing on an interviewer’s questioning from the conversation of a Korean TV news interview. By dividing the interviewer’s questions into adversarial questions and non-adversarial questions, this study investigates what footing shift functions and what the interviewer wants to achieve through it. The analysis of the news interview reveals that footing shift in adversarial questions performs a function of defense. The interviewer attributes the responsibility of remarks that criticize and refute interviewees to a third party so that they can defend themselves against the criticism of attacking interviewees. On the other hand, the footing shift in non-adversarial questions is used to introduce a new topic to the conversation. The interviewer speaks on behalf of a third party when the new topic indicates one’s position on a contentious topic. It enables the interviewer to entirely conceal his personal opinion and lead the discussion in depth. In conclusion, footing shift in questions allows an interviewer to satisfy institutional demands of the news interview. Furthermore, it is found that interviewees collaborate to preserve the interviewer’s stance of footing shift in their responses.

In order to implement a dialogue system for Korean language tutoring, this paper aimed to describe a method of constructing a large amount of Korean task-oriented dialogue data using the Wizard-of-OZ method and a pedagogical feedback and evaluation method for Korean language errors made by foreign learners. The procedure for constructing a large amount of Korean task-oriented dialogue data consisted of three steps. The first step was the preparation step for the learner’s prior learning. The second step was related to a large Korean dialogue map constructed by Korean native speakers using the Wizard-of-OZ method. The third step was implementation of a Korean dialogue system based on the dialogue map. In educational feedback and evaluation, functions such as paraphrases, recommendation expressions, educational success rate, and error content evaluation by learner level were proposed. By means of the Wizard-of-OZ method, 3,253 Korean task-oriented dialogue data were established in four domains: restaurant, hotel, tourist attraction, and taxi. The dialogue system for Korean language tutoring is currently being implemented based on Korean taskoriented dialogue data. Ultimately, the task-oriented dialogue system for Korean language tutoring aims at an “augmentation of education” that collaborates with human teachers, not “teacher-less education” that replaces human teachers.

The purpose of this study is to explore inter-grade dividing criteria of the 2015 grade group elementary English textbooks. Elementary English textbooks consist of two grade groups: the 3rd and 4th grade group and the 5th and 6th grade group. L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer(L2SCA) is utilized to investigate the dividing criteria of the communicative functions implemented in these textbooks. Subjects of the analysis were the listening dialogues for their structural sequencing of 3rd to 4th graders and 5th to 6th graders separately within their own grade groups. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and independent sample t tests for inter-grade textbooks for 14 L2SCA statistical indices. The findings are: 6 indices out of the 14 L2SCA statistical indices turn out to be critical for dividing the 2015 grade group elementary English textbooks. The 6 indices are mean clause length, mean sentence length, mean t-unit length, mean complex noun phrasal number per phrase and per t-unit and mean number of verb phrases per t-unit. Based on the findings, it is suggested that a standardized criteria derived from these 6 indices can be provided as an inter-grade dividing criteria of the 2015 grade group elementary English textbooks.

The conversation analysis approach of using audio and video recordings of naturally occurring conversation contrasts with other methods of collecting data in the social and cognitive sciences. This paper intends to describe the ways in which conversation analysts collect their data suitable for analysis, including the steps involved in preparing to record, the recording of naturally occurring social interaction, and also the processing of recordings after they have been made. Before actually making the recordings, researchers must first choose what type of conversation they will collect and what device to use. Researchers also need to obtain consent for recording from the participants in a conversation analytic study. While making the recordings, researchers must figure out many practical issues such as who, when, how, what, how much, and where to record. After recording, researchers need to store data in audio or video formats. Researchers also archive it, using codes for identification that facilitate later finding, quoting and retrieving of any file. This paper focuses on these choices as they are made before, during, and after recordings and places specific emphasis on the effects these choices have on the recordings. It also illuminates how these techniques are closely related to the methodological and theoretical assumptions of the conversation analysis approach.