This study (1) explored spatio-temporal population distribution patterns in Jeonju by using emerging hot spot analysis and (2) identified the influential factors to determine the spatio-temporal patterns by using multinomial logit model. The major findings are as follows. First, the results of emerging hot spot analysis indicated that the 100*100m grid in the urban area of Jeonju was found to have a category of hot spots, whereas most of the cold spot series was concentrated in the outskirts of the city. Also, new towns such as Jeonju Eco City, Jeonbuk Innovation City, and Hyocheon District were persistent or intensifying hot spots, Third, the results of multinomial logit model revealed that the factors influencing deterrmining the spatio-temporal patterns were accessibility to schools, hospitals, parks, and walfare services. This study offered a deeper understanding of urbanization and regional changes in Jeonju, and important information for urban planning.

본 연구는 가상현실 지질학습장을 개발하여 학교 현장에서 겪는 어려움으로 인해 소홀히 여겨지는 야외 답사를 대체하는 방안을 찾고자 하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 교육과정 내용 요소와 가상현실 개발 가능성을 검토하여 적 상산 일대를 중심으로 총 5곳의 지질학습장을 선정하였다. 가상현실 지질학습장은 학생들이 주도적으로 가상의 공간에 서 암석과 지질구조를 관찰하고 탐구할 수 있도록 구성하였으며, 구상화강편마암, 응회암, 역암, 사암, 층리, 절리 등 학 습 요소를 포함하였다. 개발한 학습장이 갖는 교육적 가치를 알아보고자 중학교 1학년 학생 7명에게 적용하고 반-구조 화된 면담을 실시하였으며, 학생 반응 결과를 언어 네트워크를 이용하여 단어 간 의미 있는 관계를 분석하였다. 그 결과로 학생들은 가상현실일지라도 현실감을 느낄 수 있었으며, 이는 곧 암석의 특징을 이해하고 기억하는 데 긍정적인 영향을 주고 있었다. 이는 가상현실 야외지질학습 프로그램을 통해 야외에서 이루어지는 현실감을 학생들에게 간접적으 로 경험하게 함으로써 학습에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 무주군이 지닌 지질 학습 자원이 가상현실을 통해 학교 현장에서 유의미한 학습 자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

PURPOSES : The purposes of this study are to identify appropriate numbers of drivers for different time periods by analyzing the service times of the Special Transportation System and to shorten the waiting time to within 15 minutes. METHODS : In this study, the service time is divided into the call connection time (At), dispatch time after reception (Bt), vehicle arrival time after dispatch (Ct), and vehicle boarding time (Dt), and the annual average value for each time zone is calculated by analyzing the dispatch system database. Furthermore, the number of drivers working in each time period is extracted and the appropriate number of drivers for ensuring the dispatch waiting time remains within 15 minutes is determined. RESULTS : It is more accurate to interpret the decrease in dispatches during lunchtime as a decrease in the number of operational vehicles owing to the drivers' lunchtimes rather than a decrease in demand. During lunchtime (as in previous studies) the number of operations decreases, but the average dispatch time (Bt) greatly increases to 22:42; thus, it cannot be seen as a decrease in dispatch demand. The number of operations during lunchtime is proportional to the number of drivers on duty. The number of drivers on duty is inversely proportional to the average dispatch time. If the number of drivers is increased by 11.6%, the average waiting time can be reduced to within 15 minutes. CONCLUSIONS : To resolve delayed call connection issues, we will introduce an artificial intelligence (AI) call center. During the hours of 7 PM to 6 AM, calls will mainly be handled by AI and the counseling personnel will switch to daytime work. We will also increase the number of drivers by 11.6% to ensure that the dispatch time does not exceed an average of 15 minutes after receiving a call. In particular, we will generate the work schedule such that more than 131 drivers work in the 12:00 to 13:00 hours during lunch time to improve the situation where users have to wait for a long time. To do this, we will overlap the work hours for 2 hours in Jeonju and 1 hour in other cities and counties. We have to increase the number of night shift workers from seven to 15 so that all cities and counties can operate vehicles 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.

본 연구에서는 전라북도 군산시 백악기 산북동층의 전석에서 발견된 소형 새 발자국 화석을 간략히 기재하고, 척추동물 발자국 화석을 포함한 산북동층 퇴적 시기를 확인하기 위해 산북동층 응회암질사암에서 쇄설성 저어콘을 분 리하여 S H RIMP U -Pb법 절대연령 분석을 실시하였다. 소형 새 발자국 화석은 보존상태가 양호하지 않으나, 보행렬을 이루는 두 개의 발자국과 세 개의 개별 발자국으로 구분된다. 이들은 물갈퀴가 없고, 비대칭이며 가느다란 세 개의 발 가락으로 걷는 소형 새 발자국이다. 보행렬을 이루는 발자국은 Koreanaoris dodsoni?, 개별 발자국은 Koreanaornis ichnosp.로 동정하였다. 본 연구는 산북동층 사족동물 발자국 화석 군집이 수각류, 조각류, 익룡과 새 발자국으로 구성 되어 있었음을 의미한다. 절대연대 분석 결과, 산북동층 퇴적시기의 최대지질연대는 112.5±5.8 Ma로 중생대 백악기 압 트절(Aptian)에 해당하며, 경상분지 진주층 하부에 대비될 수 있다. 그러므로 산북동층의 백악기 소형 물떼새 발자국 화 석(Koreanaornis)은 국내에서 가장 오래된 것으로 추정된다.

Mangyeong River and Dongjin River are highly dependent on external regions for domestic and agricultural water, and the agricultural water supply and use system of those rivers are very complicated. For smooth water supply, rivers are used as a supply system. Of the total river water use permits (as of 2019), agricultural water accounts for 97.5%, 80.4% in Mangyeong River and Dongjin River, respectively. The excessive intake of river water as agricultural purpose is causing the stream to dry out and to deteriorate the ecological health of the river. It is necessary to minimize the water use system that takes in and utilizes river water. In both rivers, the flow rate of agricultural drainage and the load of major water quality items that flowing into the main stream are similar to or higher than those of the major tributaries, indicating that management is necessary to improve the water quality of the river. It is necessary to understand the effect of agricultural drainage on river water quality by establishing a continuous monitoring system for the form of agricultural drainage.

산지재해는 1차적으로 산지사면에서 산사태가 발생되어 2차적으로 계류를 따라 토석류로 이동 및 확산되면서 산지 하부지역의 시설지와 주거지에 피해를 발생시킨다. 따라서 본 연구는 전라북도 지역의 토석류 발생지 79개소를 조사 대상으로 현장조사를 통한 발생 길이에 영향을 미치는 인자를 구명하고, 수량화이론(I)을 이용하여 발생 길이에 대한 각 인자의 기여도 분석을 통해 예방적인 측면에서 전라북도 지역 내 토석류 발생 위험지역에 대한 예측기준을 작성하였다. 토석류의 발생 길이에 영향을 미치는 인자는 모암(화성암), 횡단사면(복합사면), 입목 흉고직경(6cm 이하), 표고(501m 이상), 발생위치(산록) 등이었다. 각 인자의 범위를 추정한 결과, 모암(0.5633)이 가장 높게 나타나 전라북도 지역의 토석류 발생 위험도에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 추정되었으며, 다음으로는 횡단사면(0.4565), 사면위치(0.3568), 흉고직경(0.3274), 표고(0.3052)순으로 나타났다. 전라북도 지역 산지에서 토석류 발생 위험도 판정식을 기준으로 5개 인자의 카테고리별 점수를 계산한 추정치 범위는 0점에서 2.0092점 사이에 분포하였다. 중앙값인 1.0046점을 기준으로 토석류 위험도 예측을 위한 등급을 분류한 결과 Ⅰ등급은 1.5070 이상, Ⅱ등급 1.0047 ∼ 1.5069, Ⅲ등급 0.5023 ∼ 1.0046, IV등급 0.5022 이하로 나타났고, Ⅰ등급과 Ⅱ등급에서 토석류 발생비율이 76%로서 비교적 높은 적중률을 보였다. 따라서 본 판정표는 전라북도의 산지에서 지역의 위험 비탈면에 있어서 토석류 발생 위험도 판정에 유용하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 전라북도지역에서 발생한 토석류 특성과 산림환경인자가 토석류에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 토석류 발생 수는 총 79개소였으며, 토석류 평균 발생면적은 3,383.2㎡, 평균 발생토사량은 5,879.7㎥, 평균 길이는 253.1m, 평균 폭 13.1m로 나타났다. 토석류가 비교적 많이 발생한 산림환경 인자는 사면 경사도(21~30° 이상), 북서사면, 해발(401m~500m 이하), 종단사면(오목), 횡단사면(오목), 침엽수, 화성암, 하천차수는(0차), 사면위치(산정), 임종(인공림), 수고(11~15m 이상), 흉고직경은 중경목(17cm 이상)에서 토석류 발생이 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 토석류 발생길이와 산림환경 인자와의 상관분석을 실시한 결과는 표고(501m 이상), 모암(화성암)에서 1% 수준 내에서 정의 상관관계를 보였고, 모암(퇴적암)에서 1% 수준 내에서 부의 상관관계를 보였다.

The objective of this study was to investigate the health status and nutritional intake of the old population living in Soonchang, Jeollabuk-do, Korea. 69 subjects aged 65 years and older were recruited in July 2016. The WHR, was significantly higher in elderly male group than elderly female group (p<0.05), but both groups had abdominal obesity (0.85 and over). T-score mean of elderly male and female groups were below －2.5 mg/cm3 that they were osteoporotic. In the elderly male group, the higher concentrations of creatinine, homocysteine and uric acid were found to be significantly unfavorable factors (p<0.001, respectively). The blood vitamin D3 levels of elderly male group was significantly higher than that of elderly female group (p<0.05). The physical activity and self-rated health were significantly higher in elderly male group than in elderly female group (p<0.05, p<0.01, respectively). The nutrient intakes of male group were found to be significantly favorable factors than in female group. The score of mini nutrition assessment was significantly lower in elderly female group than in the elderly male group. These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase the health-life expectancy and the prevention of disease of Korean elderly people living in rural areas.

본 연구는 시판 김치에 대한 소비자 인식을 통해 재료의 비율을 최적화하여 최적의 김치양념장을 개발하기 위한 연구이다. 189명의 20대이상 여성을 대상으로 조사를 실시하여 김치양념 재료 중 액젓, 젓갈, 물의 비율을 반응최적화 도구을 통해 최적 김치양념장 레시피를 선정하였다. 조사 대상 중 30대가 41.3%로 가장 많았고, 직업은 주부, 기타 직업, 학생순으로 조사되었다. 시판되는 김치를 구매하고 싶은 이유로 가정에서 김치를 만들기 번거로운 면과 경제 적인 면을 많이 꼽았으며, 나이가 어릴수록 김치를 만드는 방법을 모르기 때문이라는 답변이 많았다. 또한 가족 구성원 수가 적을수록 김치를 적게 먹어서 시판김치를 구매하는 경향이 있었다. 시판김치를 구매하지 않고 싶은 이유로 재료에 대한 믿음과 비싼 가격에 대한 이유가 높게 나타났고, 수입이 많을수록 인공조미료 사용 때문에 시판김치를 구매하지 않는다는 의견이 많았다. 김치에 대한 선호 맛은 감칠맛, 매운맛, 젓갈맛, 짠맛, 단맛 순이었으며, 나이가 어릴수록 짠맛을 선호하고, 41세 이상은 젓갈맛을 선호하는 것으로 조사되었다. 사전 조사 및 설문조사를 통해 김치 양념장제조시 조정 해야 할 재료를 멸치액젓, 물, 새우젓으로 선정하여 배합 비율을 조정하여 기호도에 대한 최적화를 잡은 결과 ‘–11.00A + 4.30B + 1.70C + 31.37AB + 33.56AC – 7.35BC’ (A: 멸치 액젓, B: 물, C: 새우젓)의 회귀식을 나타냈고, 멸치 액젓, 물, 새우젓의 최적 비율은 27.12 : 62.88 : 10.00 (w/w)이었다. 이 같은 연구 결과는 김치 양념 의 최적화를 통해 보다 좋은 맛과 품질의 김치를 개발할 데이터로 활용 가능하며, 고객 맞춤형 김치 양념장 개발에도 사용가능 할 것으로 보인다.

The purpose of this study is to present the basic data for ecological management and landscape improvement of recreation forest by surveying and analysing the vascular plants around Gosan recreation forest, Jeollabuk-do. The vascular plants were summarized as 520 taxa including 117 families, 315 genera, 455 species, 5 subspecies, 48 varieties, 11 forms and 1 hybrid. The endangered plants were 2 taxa including Saururus chinensis and Abeliophyllum distichum. The rare plants were 10 taxa including Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Epimedium koreanum, Corylopsis gotoana var. coreana, Alangium platanifolium and so forth. The Korean endemic plants were 12 taxa including Clematis trichotoma, Philadelphus schrenkii, Indigofera koreana, Weigela subsessilis and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 49 taxa including 5 taxa of grade V, 4 taxa of grade IV, 12 taxa of grade III, 6 taxa of grade II and 22 taxa of grade I. The naturalized plants were 40 taxa including Rumex crispus, Euphorbia supina, Aster novibelgii, Centaurea cyanus, Eragrostis curvula and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 3 taxa including Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster pilosus and Lactuca scariola. The invasive alien plants are required to be constantly removed, as they may adversely affect nearby natural vegetation disturbances, natural landscape changes, as well as visitors.

This study investigated in the vascular plants of high value ecological conservation Unjangsan (Mt.), Jeollabuk-do, Korea. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 604 taxa including 107 families, 343 genera, 530 species, 5 subspecies, 58 varieties and 11 forms. The rare plants were 12 taxa including Paeonia japonica (VU), Syringa patula var. kamibayshii (LC), Cynanchum inamoenum (VU), Schpolia japonica (LC), Scrophularia koraiensis (DD) and so on. The Korean endemic plants were 16 taxa including Pseudostellaria coreana, Clematis trichotoma, Stewartia pseudocamellia, Ajuga spectabilis, Cirsium setidens and so on. In the specific plants by floristic region were 60 taxa, a degree I were 29 taxa (Sisymbrium leteum, Ilex macropoda, Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus, Cirsium pendulum, Veratrum versicolor and so on), 21 taxa of a degree II (Morus cathayana, Phellodendron amurense, Euonymus pauciflorus, Angelica tenuissima, Heloniopsis koreana and so on), 8 taxa of a degree III (Rhynchosia acuminatifolia, Stewartia pseudocamellia, Cynanchum inamoenum, Schpolia japonica, Scrophularia koraiensis and so on), Wisteria floribunda (Planted) of a degree IV and Prunus yedoensis (Planted) of a degree V. The naturalized plants were 42 taxa including Phytolacca americana, Solanum carolinense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster pilosus, Poa pratensis and so on. Naturalization rate (NR) was 6.9% of all 604 taxa of vascular plants and the invasive alien plants were 3 taxa including Solanum carolinense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster pilosus. This study is to identify the main plant distribution and protecting valuable plant populations Unjangsan areas in Jeollabuk-do is located in the inland performing will want to take as the basis for designating an ecological and landscape conservation areas.

Fishing dredge in Jeollabuk-do began to become widespread in the 1960s and has continued to catch diverse kinds of shellfish in the productive fishing grounds around Dongjin River, Mangyeong River and Geum River estuaries. Since the 1970s, the construction of various large-scale industrial complex and the implementation of Saemangeum reclamation project have resulted in a decrease in main fishing areas and a sharp decline in shellfish production. As a result, dredge fishery has faced many difficulties. Dredge fishery in Jeollabuk-do is carried out with a total of 30 fishing permits as of 2016. Surf clams, hen clams, bladder moon snails, and common orient clams were mainly caught before the construction of Saemangeum dike while comb pen shells, purple whelks and ark shells are mainly caught afterwards. Inside the Saemangeum dike, most fish species have disappeared due to low water level and low salinity, and littleneck clams are caught using a jet pump type of fishing dredge. Outside the dike, the diversity of shellfish species has been reduced; comb pen shells are mainly caught. In this process, a lot of friction occurs due to the use of a reformatted dredge. Therefore, a lot of research needs to be conducted in the near future.

The maximum sustained yield ( ) of shellfish caught through dredge fishery was 7,250 to 7,490 MT from 1990 to 1999, which was not affected by the construction of the Saemangeum Dike. The MSY from 2000 to 2016, under the influence of the dike, was 1,716 to 1,776 MT when the total annual fish catch was 1,000 MT or more, and 289 to 336 MT when it was less than 1,000 MT. The construction of the Saemangeum Dike led to a decrease in the catch volume of the offshore dredge fishery in Jeollabuk-do, to 4.2 to 23.7% of that before its construction. The allowable biological catch () was estimated to be 313 to 1,532 MT per year, which was about 72.3 to 94.3% less than before the construction of Saemangeum Dike. Currently, the dredge fishery in Jeollabuk-do relies on comb pen shells. For fishery management, the catch per vessel should be set at 51.0 MT/year or less, and the number of fishing vessels should be reduced to 22 as quickly as possible. Besides, in the long term, the number of current fishing vessels should be reduced to less than half in consideration of the comb pen shell collecting period in Jeollabuk-do.

곤충병원성 곰팡이 Zoophthora radicans (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae)가 혹명나방, 배추좀나방, 복숭아혹진딧물과 진딧물 인 미분류 1종을 감염시키는 것을 발견하였다. 이들은 전라북도 진안, 김제, 익산에서 수집되었고, 6월과 9월에 관찰이 가능하였다. 이 균에 감염 된 혹명나방은 진안에서 수집되었고, 감염율이 46%에 달하였다. 감염된 곤충 충체로부터 균을 분리하여 Sabouraud dextrose agar with yeast extract (SDAY)를 이용하여 인공배양을 시도하였다. 그 결과, 20~28°C가 인공배양을 위한 최적온도로 판단되며, SDAY보다 SDAY supplemented with egg yolk and milk (SDAY-EM)에서 발육이 보다 양호하였다. 이 곰팡이는 자연적으로 발생함을 포장에서 확인할 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate eating habits and dormitory foodservices’ satisfaction in university students using dormitory foodservice in the Jeollabuk-do Iksan area. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 195 students (86 male, 109 female). Many students (58.5%) ate less than two meals per day and spent around 30 min eating meals. The results show that snack and midnight meals were the main reasons (37.9%) for unhealthy eating habits. Main source of nutritional knowledge and information were TV and the Internet (58.5%), followed by friends and people (25.1%), nutrition books (10.3%), elective courses (4.6%), and newspapers and magazines (1.5%). Men had significantly higher satisfaction scores for nutrition, taste, diversity of menu, as well as hygiene of dormitory food court compared to women (p<0.05). Salty taste was the most important factor in evaluation of taste satisfaction, whereas sour taste was opposite. The reason for taste dissatisfaction in the dormitory food court was not salty enough, and it may be related with their eating habits. The results show that students need education for adequate knowledge and information about the relationship between health and nutrition.

PURPOSES: There are many recently constructed roundabouts in Jeollabuk-do province. This study analyzed how roundabouts reduce the risk of accidents and improve safety in the province. METHODS: This study analyzed safety improvement at roundabouts by using an accident prediction model that uses an Empirical Bayes method based on negative binomial distribution. RESULTS : The results of our analysis model showed that the total number of accidents decreased from 130 to 51. Roundabouts also decreased casualties; the number of casualties decreased from 7 to 0 and the seriously wounded from 87 to 16. The effectiveness of accident reduction as analyzed by the accident prediction model with the Empirical Bayes method was 60%. CONCLUSIONS : The construction of roundabouts can bring about a reduction in the number of accidents and casualties, and make intersections safer.

로드 킬 현황에는 기간과 주기가 명확하지 않아 자료에 신뢰성이 낮기 때문에 로드 킬 저감 연구에 왜곡될 가능성이 높았다. 따라서 이 연구로 현실적인 대안을 제시하고자 한다. 한국도로공사에서 제공받은 자료를 활용, 분석한 결과 최근 5년(2010-2014) 간 전북 권 고속도로에서 발생한 야생동물 로드 킬 사고를 분석하였다. 전북권을 지나는 고속도로 7노선을 선정하여 조사한 결과 중부선(1472개채, 46.90%)이 압도적으로 높았다. 로드 킬을 당한 야생동물 중에 고라니(Hydropotes inermis)가 2010년도부터 2014년까지 84.60%로 다른 동물과 비교가 안 될 정도로 높게 측정되었다. 그리고 계절별 사고 수는 4계절 중 봄(31.73%)과 여름(30.05%)이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 2013년도와 2014년 사고발생 시간 중 오전 7시에 79건 (9.11%)으로 사고건수가 가장 많았고, 오전 04-08시 구간이 323건(37.25%)을 차지하였다. 2010년도부터 2014년도까지 월별 사고 수는 5월(20.36%), 6월(18.67%)로 높게 측정되었다. 향후 지속적인 유사 연구를 통해 고속도로 로드 킬 감소에 야생동물과 국민의 안전 증진에 기여할 수 있을 것이라 판단되며, 이를 위해 부족했던 오차 범위, 사고 주기, 로드 킬 시간, 사고 원인 조사결과 등 자세한 통계가 필요하다.

This study conducted an on-the-spot survey on the 21 national and private forest roads in the Jeollabuk-do area in order to construct a GIS-based map of the disaster-prone zones in forest roads, and built the database of the locations of the disaster-occurrence and disaster-prone zones and disaster-prone zones. In addition, it built the DB with the Raster of size 10m x 10m using the GIS program after extracting the gradients, the forest shapes, the age of stand, and the soil properties factors by referring to a 1: 25,000 digital map, a detailed soil map, and a digital map of the forest shapes in connection with forest road disasters, and then built a rainfall distribution chart(Raster) after extracting the rainfall factors using the rainfall data of the Korea Water Resources Development Corporation. The map of the disaster-prone zone in forest roads was constructed through the combination of all the completed Raster charts and the applications of the Raster calculation(Raster calculator) technique. It is expected that with a more localized and more quantitative assessment, these study results will provide the base line data for a structural and managerial improvement of the forest roads.