The two main hypotheses that explain why invasive alien plants successfully colonize new environments are: 1) invasive alien plants are functionally different from native plants in a community, and 2) the plants can adapt well to new environments because they are functionally similar to native plants. The present study investigated the functional traits of naturalized alien herbaceous plants and their native neighbors in a riparian park area near the Hapcheon-Changyeong weir along the Nakdong River to determine which of the two hypotheses applied to the study area. According to the results, leaf functional traits, such as leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf thickness, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen content, and leaf carbon content differed between naturalized alien and native plants, which could be attributed to the higher leaf nitrogen contents in naturalized alien plants than in native plants. The high leaf nitrogen contents are associated with high photosynthetic rates, which lead to effective resource use and rapid growth; therefore, naturalized alien plants growing in the study area were considered to have such functional traits. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that the successful establishment of invasive alien plants is attributed to the functional trait differences between invasive and native plants.

This study examined the linguistic backgrounds and dialectal characteristics of Changnyeong and Dalseong regions, which are located in the transitional area between Gyeongsangnam-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do. It was confirmed that the language of each region was not severed but share many commonness based on various characteristics found in the transitional area existing discussions and field surveys, As a result, 19 (18) consonants were realized by elderly people and 19 by young people in Changnyeong and Dalseong regions. In the case of vowels, six by elderly people and Seven vowels by young people. Also, it was investigated that language variations, such as Word-initial Glottalization, palatalization, and umlaut, were more active in the Changnyeong region than Dalseong region. The difference between these three variations can be attributed to the perceptions and attitudes of older speakers.

This study analyzed purchasing characteristics of local agricultural products and processed products as well as evaluatedoperation programs for Changnyeon festival participants. The purchasing rates of local agricultural products and processedproducts at this festival were 63.6% and 49.1%, respectively, and the main purchased crops were onion (42.6%) and garlic(20.7%). Drinks (43.6%) were highly purchased processed products. The recognition (95.3%) and preferences (98.4%) forChangyeong local agricultural products were high at this festival. Subjects (72.5%) responded that public relations wereeffective for sale at this festival, and evaluation of the operation program for the festival was 3.51±0.74 (total score 5 points).Satisfaction with the experience event (37.7%) and exhibition event (33.6%) were high at this festival program, whereasparticipants gave low rates for art exhibition and sale events of local agricultural products (16.2%), cooking education(14.7%), direct education program (12.9%), and games (12.1%). This festival was an effective means of public relations,although purchase effects were not significant. This result suggests that the festival is necessary for planning a program toincrease purchasing.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among recognition, preference, and purchasing characteristics for Changnyeong onions and garlic as well as festival satisfaction among participants at agricultural product festivals in the Changnyeong region. Results showed that festival satisfaction of ‘place of festival’ was highest while ‘convenience facility & event contents’ earned the lowest scores. Most subjects (90.5%) had purchased Changnyeong agricultural and processed products. A major purchasing type was fresh agricultural products (66.7%). The pathways to recognize Changnyeong agricultural products were mostly ‘promotion by related institutions’ (22.0%), ‘family · relatives’ (20.8%), ‘mass media’ (16.6%), and ‘festivals and events’ (16.1%). The most considered factors for purchasing regional products were ‘geographical origin’ and ‘ingredients’. Changnyeong onion showed higher scores for recognition and preference and rate of purchase experience and intention than for garlic. The correlation coefficients of recognition and preference for onion and galic were 0.603 (p<0.001) and 0.598 (p<0.001), respectively. The explanation power (R2) of related variables for purchase of Changnyeong onions was 0.258. The regression coefficients (β) for ‘recognition’, ‘preference’ and ‘convenient facility & event contents’ were positive, whereas the regression coefficient for ‘price’ was negative. Recognition, preference, and convenient facility & event contents with garlic purchase showed a positive relationship (R2=0.253). The most effective promotion method to increase sales of Changnyeong agricultural products was ‘local festivals and events’ (27.8%).

성곽의 축조는 당대의 토목기술과 관념(정치상황과 국가간의 관계)을 반영하므로 동일한 시기에 축조된 성곽들은 유사한 축조수법과 형태였을 가능성이 높으며, 이러한 양상은 창녕지역에도 동일하게 나타날 것이다. 본고에서는 창녕지역 성곽 중 낙동강 연안에 축성된 성곽에 대한 지표조사를 바탕으로 확인한 속성들을 분석한 결과 낙동강 동안에 위치하는 성곽들은 5세기에서 6세기 초반경 재지세력에 의해서 축조되었음을 확인하였다. 낙동강 연안의 성곽들의 특징 및 성격은 첫째, 낙동강과 지류가 합류하는 지점에 축조된 성곽들은 200m 이하의 소형인데 반해, 창녕지역으로 진출하기 유리한 지점의 성산산성과 웅곡리산성, 그리고 낙동강 중류역이 한눈에 조망되는 지점의 구진산성은 대체로 400~600m로 대형에 속하지만 경남지역에서 확인되는 신라산성 중 규모가 소형인 산성과 비교하면 비슷하거나 소형에 해당된다. 따라서 낙동강 연안에 위치하는 성곽의 규모로 보아 낙동강을 적극적으로 통제하지는 못하였던 것으로 보인다. 둘째, 낙동강 연안 성곽의 축조수법은 토성과 석성으로 나누어지며, 토성의 비율이 높다. 토성의 정확한 축조수법을 파악하기 힘들지만 이 시기에 축조된 다른 토성들의 축조 수법을 감안할 때 순수판축 토성이었을 것으로 보인다. 석성의 경우 허튼층쌓기에 가깝게 축조하였으며, 자연암괴가 노두된 부분은 성벽을 쌓지 않음으로써 공력을 줄였다. 이러한 양상은 전형적인 신라성곽과는 차이를 보인다. 상기의 내용으로 보아 낙동강 연안에 축조된 성곽들은 낙동강 동안에 위치하는 것을 제외하고는 이 시기 신라의 영토 확장과 관련된 지역에 축성된 신라성곽의 특징과 부합하지 않으며, 신라에 의해서 축조되었다는 근거 역시 어디에서도 찾을 수 없다. 따라서 낙동강 동안에 위치하는 대부분의 성곽들이 신라에 의해서 축조되었다는 견해는 수정되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 우포지역에 적합한 생태관광 기본계획을 수립하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 기 수행된 연구에서 제시된 생태관광계획모형의 순차적 단계에 따라 사례연구로서 수행되었다 우포지역에서의 자연환경 및 인문환경을 비롯한 제반여건을 분석한 결과, 우포지역에서의 친환경적인 생태관광지 조성의 필요성과 당위성이 인정되었다. 이에 따라 기초환경 조사 결과를 토대로 생태관광 주제를 설정하고 이에 적합한 시설 및 프로그램에 대한 공간계획안을 제시하였다. 그러나 본 연구에서 제시된 계획안은 개념적 계획안으로서 실제 적용을 위해서는 법률적, 행정적, 재정적 한계 등 공공부문의 제약요인에 대한 체계적인 검토가 요구된다.

The white leather-like playgorskite occurs as a vein in the Cretaceous sedimentary rocks in the Yeongsan area, Kyeongnam, Korea. It has been investigate by means of XRD, TEM, DTA-TG, IR and chemical analysis. The palygorskite vein is composed mostly of well-crystallized palygorskite. The wall rock of the vein is altered to smectite along both sides of the vein. According to TEM observation the palygorskite shows a fibrous habit. The sizes offibers are quite variable, ranging from 0.1 to 3.0 micron in length. From XRD data, the palygorskite has orthorhombic unit cell with a=12.726a, b=17.796a, c=5.1666a. The chemical formula of the palygorskite was calculated as [Si7.93Al0.07](Al1.91Fe+30.11Mg1.96)Ca0.01O20(OH)4(OH2)2.