본 논문에서는 반도체 패권의 변화에 관한 역사적 경로의 분석을 통해 동 산업생태계 변화를 예측하고자 한다. 특히 본고는 일본의 반도체 산 업 역사를 고찰하고, 현재의 일본 반도체 정책 및 전략을 분석하였다. 본 고에서는 반도체 패권의 변화에 대해 통상관계와 기술 생태계 변화 두 측면에서 역사적 흐름을 고찰하고, 일본 반도체 산업의 변화 및 역사적 경험을 미일 반도체 협정 이전과 1990년대 이후로 구분하여 분석하였다. 또한 일본 반도체 산업정책 및 전략을 내부 산업지원 정책과 클러스터 지역 정책 그리고 외부 칩4동맹 및 주변국과의 협력관계 구축 측면에서 분석하였다.

This study explored if and to what extent foreign language high school students would benefit from participating in a school English drama contest in terms of English proficiency, affective attitudes, and collaborative competence. For this purpose, questionnaires were constructed to measure students’ perception of their growth in those areas after participating in the contest. Pre- and post-questionnaires were administered to 85 students, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 of the survey respondents. In a comparison of the pre- and post-test measures, the study found that the drama contest contributed to reducing students’ anxiety and enhancing their intrinsic motivation. Although pre- and post-test differences in language proficiency and collaborative competence were found to be non-significant, the participants addressed positive aspects of their experience in the contest. For example, they reported that they improved their pronunciation, speaking, and writing skills and that they collaborated and learned from one another by sharing ideas, providing feedback, and exchanging opinions.

타임루프는 등장 인물에게 반복되는 시간의 주기를 경험하게 하는 장치로, 주기적 시간에서의 반복적 실패 를 통해서 문제를 파악하고 해결하는 과정이 드러나 있는 것이 특징이다. 본 논문에서는 타임루프 장치를 통한 반복이 게임의 전개와 플레이어의 경험에 어떤 작용을 하는지 알아보기 위해 게임 ‘12 Minutes’을 중심 으로 게임요소와 스토리텔링을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 게임에서 타임루프로 인지되는 인터랙션이 무엇이고, 그 안에서 플레이어 캐릭터와 플레이어의 위치, 게임의 목표와 분기점이 어떻게 변화하는지 분석하였다. 그 결과, 다음과 같은 사실을 알게 되었다. 첫째, 타임루핑 게임에서 반복적 인터랙션은 오브젝트와 플레이어, 캐릭터 사이에 일어나는데, 루핑을 알고 있는 존재는 플레이어 캐릭터와 플레이어로 타임루핑은 플레이어 차원과 플레이어 캐릭터 차원에서 일어난다는 점이다. 둘째, 게임에서 타임루프는 다중의 서사를 만들어내 는 플랫폼으로 문제해결을 위한 다양한 시도가 가능하고, 플레이어가 가상 세계에 행하는 행위를 통해 자신 의 욕망하는 바를 잘 드러낼 수 있도록 기능하는 장치라는 것이다.

PURPOSES : A mechanistic-empirical (ME) predictive design logic that can compute the reflective cracking life of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlaid on top of a composite pavement is proposed herein. METHODS : The overlay thickness design and analysis logic of the HMA were formulated based on the ME concept of reflection crack propagation. Climate data, traffic load data, the pavement material properties, and the thickness of each layer of the pavement are the main inputs for the ME-Reflective Cracking Rate (RCR) prediction algorithm. An Microsoft Excel Virtual Basic for Application (VBA) program was created to aid designers in assessing the expected performance of an HMA overlay design. Calibration was done using data from the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) sections. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to compare the results yielded by the program and data from a report by the Texas Transportation Institute. RESULTS : The predictive model performance effectively generates the dynamic and relaxation modulus curves. The correlation value of the calibration factors, R2, is 0.79. The calibration factors used for the Asphalt Overlay Thickness Design (AOTD) program and the sensitivity analysis, i.e., k1, k2,, and k3,, are set to 5, 5, and 150, respectively. The sensitivity of the AOTD program affords reasonable results. Additionally, the program yields results similar to the trends presented in a report by the Federal Highway Administration. CONCLUSIONS : The proposed ME design logic is successfully translated into an Excel VBA program, AOTD, which can perform routine assessments of laboratory tests for HMA overlays. The program can effectively perform numerous iterations and computations to predict an HMA overlay. The predictive model can generate reasonable dynamic modulus and relaxation modulus curves for the characterization of HMA overlays. Under the same asphalt binder grade and HMA type, doubling the HMA overlay thickness yields three times the expected reflective cracking service life.

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the core concept of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) psychotherapy through the experience of psychotherapists by presenting an in-depth analysis of the formation and change process of their irrational beliefs. Methods: Data were collected through in-depth interviews with four REBT counselors selected through an intentional sampling process, and then analyzed and interpreted through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: After an in-depth analysis of the meaningful statements of the study participants, six themes and fifteen sub-themes were extracted. The six themes were ‘self-hindering thoughts’, ‘environments that amplify irrational beliefs’, ‘war and struggle for the self’, ‘realization of life strategies’, ‘my big self (I) that consists of countless smaller selves (i)’, and ‘life is a continuous self-therapy’. Conclusion: The results showed that REBT psychotherapists form their irrational beliefs through the overall evaluations of justification, exaggeration, and people that arise from important interactions with others, including their parents, and further reinforce these beliefs through internal and external compensation. These irrational beliefs led to evaluative judgment and self-discrepancy and negatively influenced the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects as well as their presence. These irrational beliefs internalized and transformed the rational beliefs that were confirmed through a debate on the separation between problems and people and, distancing, repeated self-talks, expanded from self-acceptance to others, and persisted through self-treatment methods

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the essential meanings of suicidal ideation experienced by college student clients. Methods: Data were collected using interviews and observations from six college student clients who had experienced suicidal ideation for approximately six months from January 2021 to June 2021. This study adopted van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological method of qualitative research. Results: The results derived 24 sub-themes and seven essential themes, the latter being: ‘feeling like a person with serious defects’, ‘wounds of the past haunting the mind’, ‘indulging in the marsh of depression’, ‘two minds that want to be close and distanced’, ‘wanting to live, but feeling like there's nothing else but death’, ‘living everyday life with a slender will’, and ‘realization of myself being a good person’. I understood that college student clients’ suicidal ideation was a natural phenomenon, not pathological. Conclusion: The essence of college student clients’ suicidal ideation is the confession of painful minds and because they think that they are flawed.

Purpose: This qualitative study aimed to understand and describe teachers' experiences of early childhood sex education. Methods: For data collection, in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 early childhood teachers working at daycare centers until the data were saturated. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using the qualitative thematic analysis method suggested by Braun and Clarke. Results: Although early childhood teachers recognized the necessity of sex education for children, they experienced difficulties in imparting sex education in daycare centers. Teachers lacked confidence because they themselves had not received proper education related to teaching sex education. It was confirmed that sex education methods and materials were lacking and outdated, and the support of educational institutions was insufficient. Teachers emphasized the importance of communication and cooperation with parents when sexual behavior problems occur in children. Conclusion: Systematic education for teachers and parents is required to raise awareness of sex education and to communicate smoothly among them.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore university students’ experiences of participating in online classes during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: A survey was conducted with 169 third- and fourth-year students at five universities in W City from May 5 to 22, 2021 through an online survey platform. Qualitative data were collected from 13 third- and fourth-year students at five universities in the same area through three focus group interviews between May 22 and 25 and analyzed through qualitative content analysis. Results: The experience of online classes was rated in the following order: live lectures (92.9%) and recorded lectures (73.4%). Satisfaction with online classes was rated for recorded lectures, which were scored 3.54±1.05 (out of five), and live lectures, which were scored 3.32±1.02. Lack of interaction with faculty (37.9%) and lack of participating practicum (30.8%) were cited as dissatisfaction factors in online classes. From the qualitative data, five sub-themes were identified: “not being respected in one’s learning”, “increased burden of learning in a situation of poor communication,” “it's not that I hate online classes”, “efforts to improve the loose will and attitude toward classes”, “reduced quality of experience and uncertain future”. These sub-themes were abstracted under the theme of “everyday life of learning alone toward an uncertain future”. Conclusion: To ensure more effective online learning, it is necessary to strengthen the interaction between faculty and students, apply online teaching strategies suitable for class objectives, and support various programs to motivate students for self-directed learning.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify and understand the experience of entering graduate school in an advanced practice nursing program in the COVID-19 situation. Methods: This qualitative study used content analysis. The data collection using the focus group and in-depth interviews was conducted from February 11 to September 2, 2022. Results: Six themes and 27 subthemes emerged through the qualitative content analysis. The themes included: “Graduate school: The next step”. “Concerns prior to attending grauate school”, “Learning in the COVID-19 era: Differences between expectations and reality”, “Overcoming the challenges of graduate school”, “Education: A stepping stone to becoming a specialist”, “Changes in self and others’ perceptions”. Conclusion: This study confirmed the growth and change of nurses through the experience of entering an advanced practice nursing program in the COVID-19 era.

Purpose: This study aimed to understand nurses' experiences of team effectiveness in nursing units. Methods: Data were collected from May 2 to June 8, 2018 through in-depth interviews with ten nurses who worked at a university hospital and subsequently analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis method. Results: Four themes - ‘the leadership of the head nurse that determines the success or failure of the nursing unit’, ‘a special work environment in which shift work is predominant,’ ‘the competency of individual nurses is essential for team effectiveness’, and 'creating a desirable nursing organizational culture’. - emerged, along with 15 sub-themes. Conclusion: The findings provide valuable information on hospital nurses' experiences with team effectiveness in nursing units in both universal and unique Korean hospital environments. Nursing and hospital managers should be aware of team effectiveness in nursing units to achieve organizational goals.

Purpose: The aim of this study investigated the transition experience of novice nurses working in a tertiary hospital, focusing on the difference between nursing school education and clinical nursing practice. Methods: The data were collected through an unstructured, in-depth interview with 14 recently employed nurses from October 2020 to January 2021. The data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Results: The main theme of the transition experience perceived by new graduate nurses was confirmed as ‘reality shock’. In the process of identifying the main themes, five categories, sixteen sub- categories, and sixty-two concepts were derived. The five categories were, ‘Clinical field different from school education setting’, ‘Nursing school education in need of change’, ‘Strengths and limitations of clinical training in schools and hospitals’, ‘Difficulty in establishing relationships and communicating’, and ‘struggling to stand alone’. Conclusion: To minimize the reality shock experienced by novice nurses, nursing schools should innovate their traditional teaching methods based on the changing characteristics of the novice nurses and the clinical environment. In nursing practice, hospitals should grant more time to the nurses for adaptation and diversify mentoring programs comparable to internships for novice nurses.

본 논고는 일본 헤이안 시대 말에서 가마쿠라 시대 초기 중국에서 전래된 차의 수용 양상 을 천태대사공(天台大師供), 계어독경(季御讀經), 북두법, 나한신앙과 나한공을 중심으로 분석하여, 당시 궁정과 사원 의례 및 승원에서 사용된 차의 구체상에 대해 살펴본다. 특히, 입송(入宋) 일본 승려들의 일기류 문헌, 선원청규(禪苑淸規)를 포함한 송대 사원의 각종 규칙서, 당시 남송 승원의 모습을 담고 있는 것으로 생각되는 나한도에 표현된 끽다 관련 양 상을 함께 분석하여, 일송(日宋) 교류의 배경 속에서 입송 일본 승려들이 중국에서 경험한 사원 의례와 승원 문화 속 차의 모습이 어떤 것이었는지, 이것이 어떻게 일본에서 수용되었 는지 그 구체적 일면을 고찰한다. 의례적인 관점을 통해 단순한 기호 음료가 아닌 갖추어야 할 공양물로서의 차 그리고 영적인 효능이 기대되던 차의 구체적 사용양상을 이해할 수 있으 며, 중국 송대 사원의 의례와 규율이 일본에 전래된 정황을 파악할 수 있다.

목적 : 본 연구는 스마트홈을 경험한 신체장애인들을 대상으로 질적 연구 방법 중 현상학적 연구를 실시하 여 스마트홈 사용 경험과 의미를 들여다보고자 시도된 연구이다. 연구방법 : 2022년 3월 8일에서 4월 22일까지 스마트홈을 4주 이상 사용하고 있는 신체장애인 6명을 대 상으로 심층 면담과 전화 인터뷰를 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 자료는 모두 전사하여 글자크기 10point, 줄간격 160, 줄번호 1,170의 자료였으며, 자료 분석은 Giorgi가 제시한 현상학적 자료 분석 방법을 통 해 도출하였다. 결과 : 자료 분석 결과 23개의 의미 단위, 11개의 하위 구성요소, 4개의 구성요소로 도출되었다. 도출된 구성요소는 첫째, 스마트홈 기반 가정환경수정 과정으로 작업 프로파일과 가정환경수정이 언급되었다. 둘째, 변화된 활동으로 스마트홈 사용의 어려움, 할 수 있게 하는 활동이 확인되었다. 셋째, 작업의 참여 로 수단적 일상생활 활동, 건강 관리, 휴식과 수면이 포함되었다. 넷째, 개선 및 변경 사항으로 기술적 보완, 프로그램 과정 보완, 개발 필요한 기기, 제도적 지원이 도출되었다. 결론 : 신체장애인의 스마트홈 사용은 불편한 가정환경을 개선하고 만족스러운 일상을 만드는 데 필요하 다. 본 연구 결과가 신체적 제한으로 일상에서 불편을 겪는 노인 및 장애인에게 적용할 스마트홈의 기초 자료에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

본 연구는 의인화와 긍정적인 사용자 경험의 기제를 밝히기 위해 수행되었다. 이때 CASA (Computers Are Social Actors) 패러다임 접근법을 차용해 사회적 반응과 의인화의 인과관계를 검증하고 이 패러다임에 대한 올바른 이해를 도모했다. 본 연구는 대인관계에서 나타나는 깊은 자기개방의 친밀감 형성 및 의인화 효과를 사람과 대화형에이전트 의 관계에 적용해 사회적 반응과 의인화를 모두 유도했다. 그리고 친밀감으로 치환되는 사회적 연결감과 의인화의 인과관계를 밝히는 심리학 모델로 깊은 자기개방의 의인화 효과에 대한 친밀감의 매개효과를 탐색했다. 더 나아가 대인 특성이 적용된 에이전트 사용 경험이 긍정적으로 나타나는 데 친밀감과 의인화가 어떻게 관여하는지 탐구했다. 연구 결과, 자기개방 깊이가 깊을수록 에이전트가 더 친밀하고 사람답게 지각됐으며, 사용자 경험이 더 긍정적이었 다. 그리고 자기개방 깊이가 의인화와 긍정적인 사용자 경험에 미치는 영향을 친밀감이 완전히 매개하였다. 사람이 사회적 단서를 가지는 대상에 사회적으로 반응하기 때문에 대인 특성이 반영된 컴퓨터를 의인화하고 긍정적으로 평 가하는 것이다. 본 연구는 CASA 패러다임과 의인화 연구를 연결하며 인간 - 컴퓨터 상호작용에 대한 심리학적 설명 가능성을 시사한다. 그리고 의인화와 긍정적인 사용자 경험의 충분조건으로서 사회적 반응 즉, 친밀감의 중요성을 강조한다.

본 연구의 목적은 비대면 온라인 강의를 경험한 간호대학생의 수업 만족도, 자기효능감, 비판 적 사고의 관계를 확인하고, 비판적 사고에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위한 서술적 연구이다. 연구 대상자 는 G시 소재 간호대학생 191명으로 자료수집은 2022년 5월 2일부터 5월 31일까지 진행되었다. 수집된 자료는 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA 및 Scheffe‘ test로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 비판적 사고는 수업 만족도 (r=.20, p=.005), 자기효능감(r=.61, p<.001)과 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 간호대학생의 비 판적 사고에 영향을 미치는 요인은 자기효능감(β=.66, p<.001), 전공에 대한 흥미도 중 매우 흥미 있는 경우(β=.41, p<.001), 수업 만족도(β=-.31, p<.001), 3학년(β=.26, p<.001), 전공에 대한 흥미도 중 흥 미 있는 경우(β=.21, p=.029), 2학년(β=.16, p<.001)순으로 나타났으며, 60.1%를 설명하였다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 간호대학생의 비판적 사고 증진을 위해 전공에 대한 흥미도, 학년별로 개별적인 상담과 지도가 필요하며 자기효능감과 수업 만족도를 향상할 수 있는 다양한 프로그램을 개발하여 시행하는 것 이 필요하다.

With the enforcement of the “Act on decisions on life-sustaining treatment for patients at the end of life” in February 2018, discussion on advanced care planning (ACP) has increased. However, as decisions on life-sustaining treatments are still made in the intensive care unit, deaths related to the suspension of life-sustaining treatment account for a large proportion of deaths in the intensive care unit. The nurses encounter challenges in supporting the patient's dignified death; they experience an ethical dilemma in the ambiguity due to a lack of guidance on legal responsibilities regarding decisions on life-sustaining treatment. In order for the nurses to perform as a supporter providing care to the patients and as a advocate during the process of decision-making on life-sustaining treatment, there should be a systemic change to ensure the nurses' participation. In addition, an open and continuous discussion should be proposed to cultivate nurses’ ethical sensitivity and moral courage. This paper reports two ethical examples related to the decisions on life-sustaining treatment occurred in intensive care units of a tertiary hospital.