The objectives of this study are to analyze the productivity of prison labor and to derive some implications through comparisons with productivities of small and medium sized enterprise in free market economy in order to improve the quality of prison labor. Fundamentally, the aim of prison labor is the rehabilitation of prisoners, while that of private enterprise is maximizing the profits. Thus, there lie some limitations in comparing the productivity of these two. Goods and services produced by prisoners are in market competing with those by private sectors.However, according to this study, the productivity and the capital investment efficiency of prison labor are very low comparing to the private sectors. Therefore, in order for the prison labor to have a competitive edge, more effort will be required to improve its technology and productivity. Further study will also be needed to devise various programs for improvement of prison labor.

The purposes of this study are to analyze economic effect of prison labor on free market economy and to suggest ways for more effective prison labor industry. The impact of prison labor on non-prison labor has been debated over the years. Proponents have touted the social benefits of decreased net cost of prisons, improved behavior in prison, the potential for low recidivism, and rehabilitation through development of work and social skills. Opponents of prison labor from the beginning have pointed out the private costs of lost jobs and lost sales of industries outside the prison. Although it is very difficult to measure and compare quantitatively benefits and costs of prison labor, there is inverse relationship between prison labor and recidivism rates. According to Federal Bureau of Justice, inmates involved in prison labor has better chance to be employed and to receive higher wage. In addition, the revenue from prison work can pay for the costs of housing them in prison and prison labor leads to increased production of goods and services that can help in developing regional economy. In spite of the advantages of prison labor, it is argued that prisoners work is exploitative and it will displace civilian business and labor. These concerns put in place as the size and scope of prison labor expands and motivate legislative efforts in restricting prison labor. To improve quality of prison labor, the Bureau of Prisons needs to allow more private companies to employ prisoners at reasonable wage and to cultivate useful skills. Moreover, the operation body and methods of correctional work program should be reformed and specialized. It is recommended to consider establishment of special organization that concentrates in operating prison labor industry. Finally, it is suggested to benefits of prison labor should be measured and publicized to ensure quality of correctional work program.

This paper introduces the system of England in terms of the accountability of prison. Since the prison riot arose in 1990, England has started the reformation of prison in a human and rational way. In regard to the reformation of prison, this paper examines necessity of the accountability of prison, prison management and policy evaluation method, activity of prison inspectorate for transparency of prison administration, activity and limitation of boards of visitors (independent monitoring board), an appeal of dissatisfaction, the third-party agency, and the system of coroner. I write this paper in the hope that these reformations will be operated in Korea. I also look forward to meeting modernization, legislation and internationalization of prison in Korea.

As a form of a private prison, a religious prison implies to a prison with religious programs arranged by a religious organization and operated based on such programs. We denounced a private prison a great deal repeatedly until its introduction was finalized in 2001, and it was approved in a form of a religious prison. A religious prison was approved under great expectations of securing effectiveness of correction, enhancing efficiency of correction, and assuring and expanding human rights of prisoners based on the spirit of religion originally. However, a possibility of an unfair treatment, infringing human rights of prisoners, losing the authority of a national prison, and misusing the rights of punishment by a religious prison may also be raised. Because such possesses ambivalence of being able to accomplish the results appropriate for the purpose of introduction or to show an adverse effect depending on how a religious prisoner is operated. Accordingly, various forms of a religious prisoner must be introduced based on thorough supervision of the country in order for a religious prison to produce expected results. In addition, the outlook of a religious prison would be bright when an equal treatment and an unrestrained option for prisoners are guaranteed.

This Study deals with how the first Korean private correctional institution that is to open about three years hence from now should be operated and managed effectively. For this study, the historical trace of the privatization of corrections and the future prospects especially in the United State of America including some another advanced countries were reviewed. In addition, in order to solve the prison overcrowding problem, which is far from "UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners", the study considers whether it is appropriate or not to execute the policy options such as the privatization of corrections and the use of alternative courses to incarceration, like the system in the advanced countries, such as the U. S., the United Kingdom and the like. In this context, the purposes of this study are to evaluate the current practices of the private prison, the beginning in our country and to make some recommendations for their improvement. And also, this study aims at offering the progressive and possible policies for the future privatization of corrections in Korea.

우리나라에 있어서 2001년 1월 28일에 법률 제6206호로 민영교도소등의설치ㆍ운영에관한법률이 제정되었다. 이 법에 제정되기 이전에 교도소의 민영화가 타당한지 여부와 관련하여 상당한 논란이 존재하였다. 하지만 이제는 이 법이 제정된 이상 현시점에서 중요한 문제는 앞으로 어떻게 이 법을 적용하고 그로 인한 문제점을 해결할 것인지 여부다. 이러한 관점에서 민영교도소의 역사가 일천한 우리나라법제에 있어서는 외국의 경험을 빠짐없이 주시할 필요가 있다. 그 중에서도 민영교도소의 역사가 오래되었고 이와 관련된 사례가 풍부한 미국의 경험은 우리나라의 민영교도소가 앞으로 겪을 시행착오를 줄이는 데 도움이 될 것으로 믿는다. 미국의 민영교도소를 주제로 한 국내문헌이 여러 편 발표되어 있는 현실에서 본고는 미국의 민영교도소와 관련된 법적 쟁점을 중심으로 논의한다. 이러한 쟁점에는 다음의 세 가지가 존재한다. 그 첫 번째 쟁점은 교도소의 운영이 오로지 정부기능이기 때문에 민간기업에 위임이 불가하다는 이유로 교도소민영화를 인정하는 법률이 위헌인지 여부다. 본고는 이 쟁점에 대하여 교도소민영화를 인정하는 법률이 위헌이 아니란 것을 논증한다. 그 두 번째 쟁점은 민영교도소의 수용자가 정부가 운영하는 교도소의 수감자와 동일한 헌법상 보장된 권리를 누릴 수 있는지 여부다. 이와 관련하여 각종 테스트는 민영교도소의 수용자가 정부가 운영하는 교도소의 수감자와 동일한 헌법상 보장된 권리를 향유할 수 있다는 점을 입증한다. 교도소민영화를 인정하는 법률이 합헌이고 민영교도소의 수용자가 정부가 운영하는 교도소의 수감자와 동일한 헌법상 보장된 권리를 향유한다면 정부공무원에게 일반적으로 적용되는 면책규정이 민영교도소의 교도관에게 확대 적용할 수 있는지 여부가 세 번째 쟁점이다. 이 쟁점과 관련하여 본고는 민영교도소의 교도관이 제1983조에 따른 소에서 제한적 면책을 받을 수 없다는 것을 판례를 통하여 설명한다. 하지만 본고는 민영교도소에 대한 이해를 돕기 위하여 우선적으로 민영교도소의 역사를 다룬다. 여기에서는 미국에 있어서 민영화에 대한 일반론 및 민영교도소의 역사를 함께 고찰한다. 그런 다음 미국에서 주장되어 온 교도소의 민영화에 대한 찬반론을 소개한다. 그리고 전술한 바와 같은 세 가지 쟁점을 집중적으로 논의한 다음 결론을 내린다.

In den letzten Jahren mehren sich in Korea die Bericht, in denen Jugendkriminalitat und Jugendstrafgefangene als erhebliche soziale Probleme empfunden wird. Die Straf von Jugendlichen wird in Jugendstrafnstalten vollyogen. In Korea existieren aber nur fur die mannlichen Jugendlichen zwei Anstalten, fur weiblichen keine. Daraus erscheint die Vermehrung, Besserung bzw. Modernisierung von Jugendstrafanstalt erforderlich. Vor allem ist die Besserung und Qualifizierung der Unterricht, Modernisierung der Arbeit, Ausdehnung der Leibesubung und Beurlaubung usw. erforderlich. Jugendgesetz sieht Unterricht in der Jugendstrafanstalt vor. In den meisten Jugendstrafanstalten kann der Schulabschluß nachgeholt werden. Aber ist dieser Schulabschluß fur Jugendliche sehr schwer. Daher braucht es die Besserung und Modernisierung des Unterrichtssystems. Die Arebit, vor allem die berufliche Forderung der Verurteilten halt der Gesetzgeber fur wesentlich. Tatsachlich sind die wenigen jugendlichen Gefangenen vor ihrer Einlieferung kontinuierlicher Arbeit nachgegangen, eine Berufsausbildung hat kaum einer abgeschlossen. Daher soll die Jugendstrafanstalten Lehrwerkstatten einrichten und die vielfaltigen und unterschiedlichen Ausbildung ausfuhen. Außerdem ist die Beurlaubung wichtig fur die Resozialisierung der jungendliehen Geganenen und Beziehung mit der Familie. Deshalb ist die Voraussetzung der Beurlaubung zu erleichtern.

대한민국의 교도소는 다인종 다문화의 다양화된 교도소문화를 이루고 있으며, 이러한 다문화시대에서 외국인 범죄의 증가는 질적인 측면에서 내국인 범죄 못지않은 사회문제가 되고 있다. 이제 한국은 순수단일민족이 아니며 여러 민족과 인종이 때로는 용광로처럼 한국의 문화에 동화되고 샐러드보울처럼 민족고유의 특성을 유지하면서도 어울리는 다문화주의 사회이다. 인종적, 문화적 다양성과 더불어 외국인 범죄도 사회, 환경 등의 이유로 급격히 상승하고 있는 실정이며 다문화 시대에 부합한 외국인수형자에 대한 문화적 감수성, 수용만족도 및 의사소통만족도등을 측정하여 외국인수형자의 다문화감수성이 수용생활만족도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구와 새로운 다문화주의 교정복지정책에 대한 문제제기와 연구가 필요하다고 본다.