Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a sport motivation scale and to verify the validity of the developed scale. Methods: 534 athletes and non-athletes participated in this study, and for analyzing data descriptive statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA), reliability test, correlation analysis. Results: The results of EFA and CFA supported the 6-factor(internal regulation, integrated regulation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, external regulation, non regulation), 24-item Korean version of the sport motivation scale. Internal consistency proven signification. Conclusion: Results support the validity and reliability of Korean version of sport motivation scale based on self-determination theory.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to reveal the formation process by depth approaches to mental toughness of elite Ssirum players. For this purpose, we used grounded theory approach that was widely used qualitative analysis. Methods: We selected elite Ssirum players as participants who had champion title by association of professionals that was composed of Ssirum experts and sports psychologists. To gather material for formation process of mental toughness, we used in-depth interview, non-participant observation and leaders interview, and by triangulation, confirmation of participants and consultation of experts, we had enough validity. All of data were analyzed for interactions of cause and effect, context relationship, mediation qualification and interactive strategy. Results: The process mental toughness of elite Ssirum players was divided into 4 stages : creating champion goals by positive expectation, social support by parents and leaders, constant effort with positive feedback by leaders, development of personal mental toughness by individual experience. Conclusion: These results might provide information to develop new related theories by revealing the formation factors of mental toughness, which might improve the Ssirum leaders and young players' performance.

After Forest Service formed a forest welfare service system by life cycle in 2008, they established a variety of policy for promoting welfare of the people. In Forest welfare service plan(2013~2017) which recently the forest service department established to along with government's welfare policy, they introduce forest welfare service voucher linked to National welfare system to provide forest welfare actively to disadvantaged citizen. The purpose of this study is to setup a direction of forest voucher system, and to make strategies of forest welfare service voucher by research existing voucher system of government. A study conducts a qualitative research by use grounded theory without a quantitative research, because there is not a lot of similar cases with forest welfare service voucher. The subject of this study is experts of National Park Authority 's voucher management, forest service's Nature recreation management and relevant researcher institution. The research is conducted by interviewing the subject and by using grounded theory analysis. After processing an opening coding, categorization of opening coding, and axis coding, induce a direction of the forest welfare service voucher system.

Purpose: This study purported to understand the process by depth approaches to Choking Under Pressure in golf players. Methods: In order to achieve the study purpose, we used the grounded theory approach that was a widely used qualitative analysis. We selected six golfers as study participants who are KPGA and KLPGA members. The participants were given in-depth interview using unstructured and semi-structured format. The interview was recorded and transcribed using a recording player under the agreement of the participants, and information was collected through text data as well as in-depth interview. For data analysis, constant comparative analysis was performed by collecting and analyzing the data simultaneously based on the open coding, axial coding, and selective coding procedure of grounded theory. Results: By the processes mentioned above, 90 concepts, 21 sub-categories, 11 categories were derived. Our data showed that causal situation in axial coding is under the pressures of golf with the negative thought and contextual condition is important moment, environmental influence. In addition, main phenomenon is differential condition and intervening situation is ‘psychological training’, ‘perceptions of main factor’ and interaction strategy is ‘psychological afterimage remove’, ‘focus the golf’, ‘change the environment. Specially consequence is slowly escape. Conclusion: core category is escape from differential condition and according to type are Mental dependent type, Practice dependent type, Let-it-go type. Also, process analysis is step of risk, making an effort, finding my own way and escape.

The purpose of the present study is to examine the characteristics of intermediary organizations for rural tourism by analyzing how they are run, especially in Yangpyeong-gun and Icheon-si Nadri groups, and to further look for the desirable role they should play. Since the activities of these intermediary groups have not been accumulated enough to be able to be used for a study, grounded theory was adopted as deemed appropriate among other qualitative research approaches for this paper. Three main findings of the current research are as follows. First, the rural tourism intermediary organizations have characteristics that are leaning towards local villages more than visitors, although they are in the middle of a spectrum stretching between 'visitors to the green villages' on one end and the 'green villages' on the other end. Second, the intermediary groups work not just as a bridge among different green villages but also as a mediator, facilitator and a guide, noting that such roles can vary significantly depending on the level of competence of the groups themselves and the extent to which the government steps in. Third, the tourism intermediary organizations can contribute to local community-building, going beyond the boundaries of green village. They help to improve the quality of tour experience which leads to revitalization of local economy, and during the course of operating the intermediary groups, the community in the village can set up rules and resolve disputes and conflicts. Thus, the activities of the groups have the potential to create a local community by affecting not just at a village level but to a broader area where their operation is based on. Implications of this study are suggested in three ways. First, the paper looked at the interaction between rural tourism intermediary organizations and stakeholder in a comprehensive way with a qualitative research approach taken. Second, it identified the role and tasks of rural tourism intermediary organizations. Third, it is important to ensure that the tourism intermediary organizations play the local community-oriented role.

This study intended to suggest Voluntourism as a solution for alternative rural tourism for regional activation. Voluntourism is a form of alternative tourism on values of variety of tourism demand from pleasure to virtue. This study analyzed actual state of WWOOF(World-Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms) activities being operated in Korean rural village, one of representative of Voluntourism. Study aimed to explore the possibility of WWOOF activity as one of model of alternative rural tourism. We apply grounded theory method one of qualitative study methods for analysis of WWOOF Activities because WWOOF is still small activity in Korea. In result, we figure out the actual condition of WWOOF Korea activities as a vouluntourism through paradigm model of host and guest who had experience in WWOOF Korea. WWOOF activity is in its early stage so there many tasks. We suggested ideas for improving WWOOF activities to be one of new rural tourism business.

본 연구의 목적은 스포츠 상황에서 중요한 역할을 하는 스포츠 지도자들의 코칭 지속 동기 요인을 이해하고, 탐색하는데 있다. 이를 위해 스포츠 지도자 36명을 대상으로 개방형설문지를 시행하고 자기결정성이론(Self-determination Theory)을 바탕으로 귀납적 내용 분석한 결과, 총 213개의 원자료를 수집하였고, 30개의 세부영역, 4개의 일반하위영역, 3개의 일반영역으로 각각 범주화 되었다. 구체적으로 일반영역의 외적 요인은 61.5%의 반응 비율을 보였고, 일반하위영역은 내사 조절 21.1%, 통합 조절 15.4%, 동일시 조절 13.1%,외적 조절 11.7% 순으로 나타났다. 다음으로 일반영역의 내적 요인은 30.5%로, 일반영역의 무동기는 7.9%로 나타났다. 결론적으로 이 연구는 스포츠 지도자들의 동기를 이해하는데 의미 있는 정보를 제공하였다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the aspects and the characteristics of conflict among people in agricultural villages shown in the course of conducting a rural community development project, and to suggest a theoretical basis for the solution of the conflict. various theories on rural community development projects and conflict, and relevant sociopsychological theories were perused to lay a theoretical foundation for the study, and 5 actual cases of conflicts in agricultural experience villages were analyzed in the light of the grounded theory which is one of suitable methods of qualitative research. And comparative and comprehensive analysis of conflicts of different farm villages was done. Based on the result of analysis of conflict among residents on agricultural experience village, this paper suggests some ways for solution of the conflict.

This study examines whether the reinforcement theory would be effectively applied to teaching assistant robots between a robot and a student in the same way as it is applied to teaching methods between a teacher and a student. Participants interact with a teaching assistant robot in a 3 (types of robots: positive reinforcement vs. negative reinforcement vs. both reinforcements) by 2 (types of participants: honor students vs. backward students), within-subject experiment. Three different types of robots, such as ‘Ching-chan-ee’ which gives ‘positive reinforcement’, ‘Um-bul-ee’ which gives ‘negative reinforcement’, and ‘Sang-bul-ee’ which gives both ‘positive and negative reinforcement’ are designed based on the reinforcement theory and the token reinforcement system. Participants’ task performance and reaction rate are measured according to the types of robots and the types of participants. In task performance, the negative reinforcement robot is more effective than the other two types, but regarding the number of stimulus, the less the stimulus is, the more effective the task performance is. Also, participants showed the highest reaction rate on the negative reinforcement robot which implies that the negative reinforcement robot is most effective to motivate students. The findings demonstrate that the participants perceive the teaching assistant robot not as a toy but as a teaching assistant and the reinforcement interaction is important and effective for teaching assistant robots to motivate students. The results of this study can be implicated as an effective guideline to interaction design of teaching assistant robots.

유방암 환자들의 생존율이 증가함에 따라 생존한 유방암 환자들을 돕고 보다 빠르게 정상적인 생활로 돌아가서 건강하고 질 높은 삶을 영위하기 위한 재활 및 건강 증진의 방법으로 운동은 권장되고 있다. 암 환자들에게 운동을 시작할 수 있는 동기를 부여하고 지속적으로 운동을 이행, 유지하도록 돕기 위한 운동 중재를 구성하기 위한 기초 조사로 인간의 건강 행위는 개인의 의사결정에 기초하며 정서와 인지 및 행위를 포함한다는 변화단계 모형(Transtheoretical Model(TTM))을 기틀로 하여 유방암 환자의 운동 행위 단계, 변화 과정, 효과와 손실 의사결정 균형의 사용 정도를 파악하고 운동행위 단계에 영향을 미치는 관련 요인을 조사하며 각 요인 간 상관성을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구는 113명 유방암 환자에게 운동 행위 단계는 Procheska와 Diclemante(1983)의 도구, 변화 과정은 Nigg 등(1999)의 도구, 의사결정 균형은 Marcus(1992a)의 도구, 자기효능은 Marcus(1992b)가 개발한 도구를 사용하여 자료수집하였다. 연구 대상자의 총 49.5% 에서 운동을 시행한다고 응답하였고 이를 운동 행위 단계별 유지 단계 22.4%, 실행 단계 27.1%이었다. 현재 운동을 이행하지 않는 준비 단계 26.2%, 심사숙고 단계 16.8%, 무관심 단계7.5%이었다. 운동 행위 단계별 인지, 경험적 과정은 실행 단계에서 높게 사용되었고 준비 단계 이하에서 적게 사용되었다. 행위적 과정은 유지, 실행단계에서 높게 사용되었고 심사숙고, 무관심 단계에서 적게 사용되었다. 유지, 실행단계에서 효과 의사결정 균형이 높게 사용된 반면 준비 단계 이하에서 손실 의사결정 균형이 평균보다 높게 사용되었다. 운동에 대한 자기효능 또한 유지, 실행단계에서 높게 사용되었고 준비 단계 이하에서 적게 사용되었다. 운동의 단계에 영향을 미치는 요인은 행위적 과정의 자기해방(p=.000), 손실 의사결정 균형(p=.001) 그리고 유방암 절제시기(p=.003)이었다. 이는 40.3%의 설명력을 보였다. 관련 변수 간 상관성에서 변화 과정, 손실과 효과 의사결정 균형, 자기효능은 서로 유의한 상관성을 나타내었다. 본 연구는 유방암 환자를 위한 운동 행위 단계에 따른 운동 중재 구성에 기초 자료를 제공함으로 보다 개별화된 운동 프로그램의 구성 및 운동의 활성화에 기여할 것이다.

본 연구에서는 상수관의 개량사업을 보다 효율적으로 실시 할 수 있는 방법으로 국내 실정에 적합한 상수관로의 노후도 조사방법을 이용하여 매설된 관의 노후도를 예측 근거한 최적 개량 모형을 제시하였다. 노후도 예측 모형은 확률론적 신경망 이론을 바탕으로 관별 노후도 정도를 5개 등급으로 구분하며 산정된 관별 노후도 등급 및 관경을 바탕으로 최대 잔존수명을 산정하였다. 최적 개량 모형은 관의 유지보수, 갱생, 교체의 시기 및 비용을 산정하는 것으로 최단경로흐

In this study a drift prediction model based on fluid dynamics theory is introduced. The essential effects of environmental loads and target characteristics are taken into account from a fluid dynamics point of view. The governing equations of motion are derived from Netwon's law of dynamics. In the mathematical formulation only three degrees of freedom(surge, sway, yaw) of the drifting object are assumed and the environmental loads considered are the forces and moments by wind and current. A computer algorithm for this model is implemented to obtain the numerical result in the time domain. The preliminary tests for model verification are conducted and the results are compared with the field experiment data as well as leeway formula suggested from the field test data.