본 논문은 비디오 게임 캐릭터의 마음귀인에 관한 실증적 연구이다. 최근 커뮤니케이션과 심리학 연구에 따르면 사람들은 사람의 특성을 사람이 아닌 사물에 귀인하는 성향이 있고, 사람이 아닌 존재를 사람으로 생각하는 의인화의 경향이 있다고 한다. 이러한 성향은 가상 존재에 대한 지식이 깊지 않을 때 더욱 강하게 관찰되는데, 대상에 대한 지식이 충분하지 않을 때 손쉽게 적용 할 수 있는 사람에 관한 지식을 활용하여 대상의 속성을 판단하기 때문이다. 이 같은 이론화를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 비디오 게임의 경험과 게임 캐릭터의 마음 귀인의 관계를 분석하였고, 마음 귀인이 게임 캐릭터의 선호에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 분석하였다. 온라 인 설문 결과 게임을 오래 한 응답자일수록 캐릭터에 대한 마음 귀인 성향이 낮아지는 것을 발견했고, 이 같은 관계는 남성 응답자에게서 더욱 강하게 관찰되었다. 또한 마음 귀인을 강하게 한 응답자일수록 캐릭터에 대한 강한 선호를 갖고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

The reproduction characteristics of hagfish Eptatretus burgeri were examined using individuals caught in the South Sea of Korea. The spawning season and size at minimum sexual maturity of this species were characterized based on a gonad-somatic index (GSI) and monthly variation egg size (long axis). From monthly variation of GSI, the spawning season was estimated to be from August to September. Developing eggs larger than 10 mm were found in March, and the largest egg size was found in July. The first spawning length was 34.2 cm TL. Batch fecundity ranged from 13 to 117 eggs for hagfish sized from 34.2 cm TL to 77.0 cm TL, respectively, and increased linearly with total length.

Background: It is very difficult for hemiplegic patients to effectively perform the sit-to-stand (STS) movements independently because of several factors. Moreover, the analysis of STS motion in hemiplegic patients has been thus far confined to only muscle strength evaluation with little information available on structural and environmental factors of varying chair height and foot conditions. Objects: This study aimed to analyze the change in biomechanical factors (ground reaction force, center of mass displacement, and the angle and moment of joints) of the joints in the lower extremities with varying chair height and foot conditions in hemiplegic patients while they performed the STS movements. Methods: Nine hemiplegic patients voluntarily participated in this study. Their STS movements was analyzed in a total of nine sessions (one set of three consecutive sessions) with varying chair height and foot conditions. The biomechanical factors of the joints in the lower extremities were measured during the movements. Ground reaction force was measured using a force plate; and the other abovementioned parameters were measured using an infra-red camera. Two-way repeated analysis of variance was performed to determine the changes in biomechanical factors in the lower extremities with varying chair height and foot conditions. Results: No interaction was found between chair height and foot conditions (p>.05). All measured variables with varying chair height showed a significant difference (p<.05). Maximum joint flexion angle, maximum joint moment, and the displacement of the center of mass in foot conditions showed a significant difference (p<.05); however the maximum ground reaction force did not show a significant difference (p>.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that hemiplegic patients can more stably and efficiently perform the STS movement with increased chair height and while they are bare-foot.

Many studies can now confirm that the body growth of youths aged 6 to 17 is increasing due to changes in dietary habits and lifestyles in Korea. If the growth of youths increase continuously, many companies that make chairs for youths must prepare anything. Youth's chairs, which are being produced at present companies, are produced by companies with multiple data. Looking at this chair, it may not fit the body of youths of the future. It is necessary to change the design dimension of the chair for that. In this research, we try to predict how the body of youths in the future will become bigger by using physical data of youths aged 6 to 17 years old. Then, using the predicted physical data, we will propose the dimensions of the design of the chair for youth.

This paper provided the information related to the removal of 2,4,6-tribromophenol using in-situ and stable liquid ferrates(VI). This research’s goal was to observe the differences of oxidation power between in-situ liquid ferrate(VI) and stable liquid ferrate(VI). The in-situ liquid ferrate(VI) (FeO4 2-) has been successfully produced with the concentration 42,000 ppm (Fe) after 11 minutes of reaction time. The stable liquid ferrate(VI) was also successfully produced following the modification method by Sharma with the produced concentrations 7,000 ppm. The stable liquid ferrate(VI) was stable for 44 days and slightly decreased afterwards. This research has been carried out using 2,4,6-tribromophenol as the representative compound. Both of ferrates(VI) have the highest oxidation capability at the neutral condition. Furthermore, the stable liquid ferrate(VI) has higher oxidation power than the in-situ liquid ferrate(VI).

L. monocytogenes는 Listeriosis를 일으키는 중요한 식중독 균으로 현재 국내 식품공전에서는 증균배양을 기초로 검출하며, 규격은 불검출로 관리하고 있다. 그러나 Listeria 종 간의 혼합오염시 증균 과정에서 경쟁생육이 존재하여 L. monocytogenes 위음성의 가능성이 있다고 보고되고 있다. 국내 식품공전은 L. monocytogenes 증균을 위한 1차 배지로 규정되어 있으나 LEB 배지에서의 Listeria 종 간의 생육 연구는 보고된 바 없다. 본 연구는 식품에서 주로 검 출되는 Listeria 속 4종(L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, L. ivanovii, L. seeligeri)을 LEB배지에 혼합배양하며 증균과 정에서 생육의 차이가 존재하는 것을 확인하였다. 특히, L. innocua에 의해 L. monocytogenes의 생육이 저해되며, L monocytogenes가 L. innocua보다 초기균수가 2.0 log CFU/ mL 이상 오염이 되어있어야지만 L. innocua보다 생육이 잘 되는 것을 확인하였다. Listeria 종 간의 혼합오염이 있 을 경우 현재 검출법으로는 L. monocytogenes의 검출이 어려울 수 있다고 판단된다. 따라서 L. monocytogenes 검출 율을 높이는 새로운 증균배지 개발의 필요성을 확인하였다. 향후 본 연구는 L. monocytogenes 검출률을 높여 국내 식품의 식품 안전에 기여 할 수 있으며 국내 식품 관리 규격 개정 시 기초가 되는 참고 자료로 활용 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

The age and growth of Pleurogrammus azonus in the coastal of Gangwon-do, East Sea were determined, from monthly samples of commercial catches, caught by the gill net and set net fishery from January to December in 2008. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) began to increase in September, and reached the maximum between November and December. After spawning GSI began to decrease from January. The annuli of P. azonus are formed once a year, with the boundary between opaque and translucent zones forming from December to January. The relationships between fork length (FL) and body weight (BW) were BW = 0.005 FL3.240(R2 = 0.963) for females and BW = 0.006 FL3.238(R2 = 0.946) for males. The FLs at annuli formation in otoliths were back-calculated from the otolith-length relationship and were adjusted to von Bertalanffy growth curves to FLt = 70.54 (1–exp(-0.099(t+1.188))) for females and FLt = 51.87 (1–exp(-0.135(t+1.697))) for males. Until the age of 3 years, males grew faster than females; however, from the age of 4 years, females grew faster than males. In the future, we want to study the relationship between early growth and water temperature changes in the East Sea

초기 통계에 따르면 용문석굴 당대 기년관음보살상은 53구가 있으며, 기년이 없는 상은 140여구가 있다. 필자는 현장조사에 의거해 기년관음 상에 대해 구체적 기록 및 분석을 진행하고, 역사문헌과 비석의 내용들 을 참고하여 용문석굴 당대 관음상의 특징 및 형상변천 규율에 대해 정리하였다. 또한 당대 관음상에 관한 다른 문제들에 대해서도 검토하여 당대 용문을 비롯하여 낙양지역의 정토신앙 및 관음신앙에 대해 살펴보 고자 한다.

재조합 β-galactosidase (β-gal) 을 이용하여 transgalactosylation 반응으로 합성된 2-phenoxyethanol galactoside (PE-gal)과 chlorphenesin galactoside (CPN-gal)의 정제를 실시하였다. 먼저 PE와 PE-gal이 포함된 반응물에 ethyl acetate (EA)를 넣고, EA/water 이상계 시스템에서 PE와 PE-gal을 분획하였다. 이 시스템에서 PE는 EA층으로 PE-gal은 water층으로 분획되었다. 그리고, 물층을 모아서 silica gel chromatography를 실시하였다. 최종적으로, silica gel chromatography만 실시하여 PE-gal을 정제한 경우와, EA 처리 후 silica gel chromatography를 실시하여 PE-gal을 정제한 경우의 정제 PE-gal에 대하여 HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography)와 TLC (thin-layer chromatography) 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 EA를 처리하여 분획한 후, silica gel chromatography를 수행한 시료에서 잔여 PE가 완전히 제거되는 것을 관찰하였고, silica gel chromatography만 실시하여 PE-gal을 정제한 경우에는 상당량의 잔여 PE가 관찰되었다. 이 때, mole 기준으로 약 21%의 정제 수율을 확인할 수 있었다. 마찬가지로 CPN-gal의 정제에서도 EA 분획 처리 후, silica gel chromatography를 수행하였더니, 잔여 CPN이 거의 없는 순수한 CPN-gal을 얻을 수 있었다.

The oxicity assesment of Phenanthrene (PHE) has been investigated by using the rate (r) of survival and population growth in rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. The survival rate was determined after 24 h of exposure to PHE. The survival rate of PHE had no effect at a maximum of 300 mg L-1. The r was determined after 72 h of exposure to PHE. It was observed that r in the controls (absence PHE) was greater than 0.5, but that it suddenly decreased with an increased concentration of PHE. PHE reduced r in a dose-dependent manner and a significant reduction occurred at a concentration of greater than 37.5 mg L-1. The EC50 value of r in PHE exposure was 63.7 mg L-1. The no-observed-effect-concentration (NOEC) of r in PHE exposure was 18.8 mg L-1. The lowest-observed-effect-concentration (LOEC) of r in the PHE exposure was 37.5 mg L-1. From the results, the concentration of PHE (greater than 37.5 mg L-1) has a toxic effect on the r of B. plicatilis in natural ecosystems. These results (including NOEC, LOEC and EC50) might be useful for the Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) toxicity assessment in marine ecosystems.

This study surveyed the recognition, image, preference, attributes, satisfaction and revisit intention for Korean food of local Vietnamese to facilitate the globalization of Korean food. Most participants had recognized Korean food. and, they were especially aware of kimchi (김치), bulgogi (불고기) and bibimbab (비빔밥), Additionally, most repondents thought these foods represent Korean traditions and culture very well. The image of local Vietnamese for Korean food was good. Which was reflected in Korean food having “a good reputation” and a high possibility for “globalization” were high. This study also investigated 16 kinds of Korean food and found the highest preferences to be for bulgogi (불고기), followed by galbitang (갈비탕), whereas that for doenjangchigae (된장찌개) was lowest. Some of the top choice attributes of Vietnamese for Korean food were found to be in “because it is ‘colorful’, ‘prepared sincerely’, ‘plated neatly’, ‘fresh’ and ‘comes with a variety of banchans (side dishes). This is a very meaningful result, making this an important reference for the globalization of Korean food. The local Vietnamese had high satisfaction and reuse intention degree for Korean food, and especially high satisfaction with the colorfulness of Korean food. In addition, the local Vietnamese showed a very high revisit intention for Korean food.

가루깍지벌레류인 Pseudococcus viburni Signoret (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)는 포도원과 다른 과실 과원에도 피해를 주는 국제적 해충 이다. 이 종은 한국에서 오랫동안 격리되어 왔으며 야외에서의 발생기록은 전혀 없다. 본 연구에서는 한국에서의 P. viburni 부재를 확인하기 위해 전국적으로 감 과수원 533사이트, 사과 및 기타 과수원 144사이트, 묘목원 및 온실 281사이트를 지난 3년간(2015-2017) 조사하였다. 그 결과 P. viburni는 한국의 야외에서나 묘목원 등에서 발생되지 않는 것으로 확인되어 이를 보고한다.

도문은 두만강을 사이에 두고 함경북도 온성군 남양시와 마주한 간도의 국경도시이다. 1932년 만주국의 신경과 도문을 연결하는 경도선철도건설공사의 착공과 함께 성장한 도문은 이후 ‘북조선 삼항(청진, 웅기, 나진)’의 배후도시, ‘중계 국경역’으로 발전하였다. 현경준은 일제 강점기 도문에서 활동한 대표적인 조선족 소설가이다. 1937년 일제의 문화동화정책을 피해 만주로 이주한 현경준은 국경도시 도문에 거주하면서 현지에서 생활하는 조선인의 삶과 ‘밀 수’라는 사회문제에 천착하였다. 현경준은 작품을 통해 살아가기 위해 어쩔 수 없이 밀수를 할 수밖에 없었던 현지 조선인들의 삶을 변호하고, 그들을 ‘타락’으로 이끈 일본제국주의의 침탈을 간접적으로 비판하였다. 또한 현경준은 도문역을 통해 북만주로 이주하는 조선인의 모습을 작품 속에 담았다. 그는 국경도시 도문역을 배경으로 일제의 식민정책으로 자기의 고국에서 못살고 타국으로 쫓겨 가는 인민들, 이민자들에게 아무런 도움도 제공하지 않는 이민 보도소 관리, 그들의 배후에서 기생하는 인신매매업자 등의 다양한 군상들을 통해 도문이란 국경도시가 갖는 의미와 함께 일본제국주의의에 대한 비판의식을 드러내었다.

This research tried to figure out the realization effect of usage of anlauts /l/ and /n/ as nicely shown in North Korean news and to discuss the societal and lingual backgrounds from this investigation. Therefore, the research analyzed the tone of Chosun Central TV news’s announcer shown in TV news program from 2014 to 2017. With this analysis, the research tried to show the reason why there are differences in language policies regarding Korean consonant anlauts /l/ and /n/ between South Korea and North Korea and to discuss the realization effect of anlauts /l/ and /n/ after the implementation of the language policies. In chapter 2, the research considered policies for marking these consonants and gradual change for pronunciation rules and checked the reason why there is a difference In grammatical rules between North Korea and South Korea. According to previous research, exhibiting anlaut /l/ in North Korean pronunciation rules these days is not related to any historical evidence or regional dialect(Pyongyang dialect). In the environment that precedes /i/ and /j/ accepting the /n/ consonant was due to late palatalization relative to other regional dialects and also late elimination of the /n/ and therefore these objects are reflected into standard language policies in North Korea. In chapter 3, the research analyzed the realization effect of anlauts /l/ and /n/ in North Korean News. The percentage of the analut /l/ realizations was the anlaut /l/ was 83.78%, which means most of realizations were done by the anlaut /l/. Anlaut /l/ was followed by /j/, /a/, /o/, /ɛ/ and other vowels, and the percentage of anlaut /l/ used before most of the vowels was similar. For anlaut /n/ the situation that was followed by /j/ showed 21 times of the realization set and 24 times of the non-realization set, which resulted 46.6% and 53.4% respectively and illustrated similar aspects as shown in analut /l/. The realization phenomenon of anlaut /n/ occurred from the Middle Ages, and the research therefore confirmed that North Korea still uses the conservative pronunciation of the language.

This study was conducted to survey the perception and preferences of customers that have dined at Korean restaurants in China and investigate the importance and performance level of quality attributes, customer satisfaction, revisit intention and recommendation intention. The survey was conducted January 31~March 1, 2016 in China. The 293 questionnaires (97.7%) were analyzed using SPSS(Ver. 23.0) and AMOS(Ver. 21.0). Results of this study are as follow: Customers that dined at a Korean restaurant in China were composed of 157 women and 136 men. Regarding the reason for preferring Korean cuisine, taste, hygiene and nutritional value of Korean food were the most significant quality factors. Regarding complaints about Korean food, Chinese people placed much emphasis on freshness of ingredients when dining out, based on the majority of complaints about ingredients that were not fresh. The main reason for leftover food were personal eating habits and that of customers revisiting food taste and nutrition. Path model among customer satisfaction, revisit intention and recommendation intention revealed the factor of menus and attributes of menu items regarding customer’s age that had an impact on customers’ satisfaction, and association with customers’ satisfaction, revisit intention and recommendation intention as well.

핵종재고량 관리는 처분시설의 안전한 관리를 위해서는 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 원자력발전소의 잡고체폐기물에 대하 여 기존 발생된 폐기물 자료를 반영한 예측방사능량과 실제 처분시설을 운영하면서 인수되어 처분검사까지 완료된 실제방 사능량을 비교분석하였다. 극저준위방사성폐기물에서는 137CS, 90Sr, 99Tc 그리고 129I 핵종이 예측방사능량보다 실제방사능량 이 높게 평가되었으며, 저준위방사성폐기물에서는 모든 핵종에서 예측방사능량이 실제 방사능량보다 높게 평가되었다. 또 한 척도인자에 의한 예측방사능량의 민감도 분석을 통해 준위별 수량 및 총방사능량의 변화추이를 분석하였다. 향후 중저준 위방사성폐기물 처분시설의 안전한 운영과 Safety Case 구축을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 판단된다.

The fruiting bodies of Sanghwang mushrooms, Phellinus linteus HN1009K (PLH) and Phellinus linteus (Korea Sanghwang, PLK), and Phellinus baumii (Jangsu Sangwhang, PB), were extracted with 70% methanol. The methanolic extracts of different concentrations (5–200 μg/ml) showed inhibitory effects of 20–95% on plated aggregation induced by collagen (2.5 ug/ml), ADP (10 uM), and thrombin (0.1 U/ml). The PLH, PLK, and PB extracts (200 ug/ml) reduced ATP release from ADP-activated platelets by 50¬60%. These results suggest that the methanolic extracts from Sanghwang mushrooms inhibit platelet aggregation.

The present study was conducted to determine the optimal supplementation level of beta-mannanase in the diet of laying hens. A total of 320 Hy-Line Brown layers (80 weeks of age) were assigned randomly into four groups on the basis of laying performance. Each treatment had eight replicates with 10 birds each (80 birds per treatment). Two hens were caged individually. Treatments were basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 0.04, 0.08, and 0.16% beta-mannanase during the nine-week feeding period. Laying hens fed diets supplemented with increasing levels of beta-mannanase had increased (linear, p<0.05) overall egg production and egg mass. In addition, these hens had greater retention of dry matter, crude protein, gross energy, calcium, and mannan (linear, p<0.05). Dietary beta-mannanase treatments had no effect on blood metabolites such as total carbohydrate, triglycerides, glucose, total protein, and blood urea nitrogen, or excreted ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids. The results obtained in present study indicate that dietary supplementation of beta-mannanase has the potential for improving the performance of laying hens. The optimal supplementation level is 0.04% beta-mannanase in the diet.