경관특성평가(Landscape character assessment)는 지속가능한 경관생태학적 설계 및 계획을 찾는데 있어 점점 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 이 연구는 농촌경관(Rural landscape)평가방법의 잠재성에 초점을 두고 전문가에 의한 쉐필드 그린벨트의 경관가치 평가가 그린벨트 안이나 주변에 사는 거주자들의 의견을 반영했는지를 연구하였다. 쉐필드 그린벨트지역을 대상으로 경관특성평가를 하였고 설문지 조사 결과는 경관에 전문지식을 갖고 있

After the 2000's, the rural village development projects are designated as participatory rural village development programs and projects. The purpose of this study is to draw a scheme to facilitate resident's participation in rural village development project by exploring the factors influencing resident's participation. For this, in Namsa rural theme village in Dansung-myon, Sanchung-gun, Kyongnam Province, the data were collected through field surveys and interviews residents residing in this village. In addition, observations studies and an opinion survey of the persons concerned in the presentation meetings were also conducted. I investigated and analysed the activation factors and the characteristics of residents' participation, and amenity resources which were essential for community planning including the planning-establishment, theme-searching and development of experience program. Through this study, I drew findings as follows; 1) The leader's leadership and residents' positive participation are very important activation factors in the first stage of rural viability. 2) And then, the external support and concern, the establishment of short-and long-term community planning, and the rural-income increase through the development of amenity resources play important roles as activation factors in the successive stage of rural viability. Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations were made. In order to improve the level of resident's participation in rural village development programs and projects, it is necessary to evaluate their successes, failure, barriers and the positive correlation between their success more delicately. In addition to this, it must be suggested the better model for participatory rural village development programs for the further enhancement and improvement of rural village development projects.

The purpose of this study is to verify the result of the previous studies and to clarify the types and activation factors of maintenance activities of the naturally favorable water space through the participation of residents in rural areas, through a further survey of the area proposed as a program in the existing study review and previous study related to the participation of residents. The survey was conducted through the survey of 1,242 households and 1,335 persons intended for Japanese rural areas. The study result is summarized as follows. The types of the maintenance activities in the areas intended for the survey have been classified into 'rural type' and 'combination type' through the analysis results by the references like the comparison analysis, job percentage and main utilization purpose of facilities for each type of maintenance and operation activities. In case of the 'rural type' area, residents were doing maintenance activities centered on the group activities rather than personal maintenance activities. Also, the activities of maintenance & operation group members were more active than non-members, and the water-friendly utilization to the facilities was not directly affecting the maintenance activities of residents. In case of the 'combinational type' area, there was no common characteristic according to each area, and the participation percentage in the maintenance activities was low compared with the 'rural type' area. According to the analysis result based on the participation degree of personal maintenance activities, the repair of facilities as a naturally favorable water space, implementation of projects reflecting the opinions of residents, educational programs conducted in order to motivate the participation of residents, etc. have been analyzed as the factors affecting the activation of maintenance activities of residents. Through the above results, for continuous maintenance activities to be made with residents as a main body in the future, it is necessary to support maintenance groups on an administrative level and procure experts for the production and operation of programs that can increase the participation percentage of residents.

A purpose of this study is to develop practical indexes for improving a village environment in Kyongbuk, Korea. From a questionnaire survey of the public employees (71 persons) who take charge of the environment in Kyongbuk province, the indexes were produced and the contents of questionnaire consisted of preferential and supplementary indexes to apply. The preferential indexes which apply to an agricultural village and a stock raising village are environmental sanitation facilities, a hygienic check of livestock and a purge of livestock shed's surroundings. In case of mountainous village, and natural-ecological village the preferential indexes are habitat reservation for wildlife, poaching prohibition (monitoring for it), and food supplement for livestock. To the traditional-cultural village, prevention of noise pollution, environmental sanitation facilities, and a monitoring or water quality change are the prior indexes in order. For the village near city and the industrial village the preferential indexes are patrol removing of garbage, pollution index planting and monitoring for noise pollution. For a fishing village and a village fronting waterside excess uses of agricultural chemicals, monitoring for a water quality change, and realignment of green house with vinyl and warehouse. In conclusion the research presents the practical and preferential index for residents to improve their environment in accordance with village settings and suggests guidelines for further research.

A village appraisal is a study of the village, carried out by the people who live there as a basis for influencing its future. It is an exciting opportunity for a village to take a good look at itself, and it is a project in which everyone can be involved. It involves gathering factual information and the opinions of local people, so as to build up an overall picture of the village. An appraisal is a questionnaire survey carried out by and for the local community. It aims to identify local characteristics, problems, needs, threats, strengths and opportunities. It is a means of taking stock of the community and of creating a sound foundation of awareness and understanding on which to base future community action. Over the past 30 years more than 2,000 village appraisals have been undertaken in rural Britain. This research examined 48 village appraisals which had been carried out in England between 1985 and 1999. The suggested strengths and weaknesses of the village appraisals are: the target of the whole population in an area; the wide-ranging in its coverage of issues; well linked to a county-wide support agency; a good tool for identifying needs and wants, and local priorities; a good tool of local democracy and of increasing self-confidence in individuals and the whole community; not an exhaustive survey; very labour intensive; too little coverage of issues relating to the local economy; the lack of any input by professional planners and so forth.

It was supposed that CSA could be one of the best way to promote the movement of organic agriculture since there is little reliability on the organically grown food by consumer. In the replies submitted to a questionnaire to farmer and consumer, both group responded that the need of development of cultivation technique for organic farming and the permitted substances for organic farming and production. Both of them also replied that it is necessary to establish the lectures or division/department for organic agriculture in the agricultural education program of University.1) Their response to CSA was so much positive that they are willing to participate the CSA farm as a active CSA farmers or consumers. Based on the evaluation of questionnaire survey, it was suggested to do the utmost efforts that farmer preferentially practice an organic farming, and consumer consciously buy an organic food to protect an ecosystem and environment pollution.