이 연구의 목적은 초등학생 대상의 한자교육의 학습 효과에 대한 이론적, 실증적 연구의 주요 내 용에 대한 고찰을 바탕으로 향후 한자교육 관련 연구의 방향성을 언어교육적 관점에서 제시하는 데 있다. 이 연구에서는 거시적 관점에서 한자 교육 연구의 현황을 살핌과 동시에 지향해야 할 몇 가지 화두를 제시함으로써 한자 교육에 대한 근본적인 사고를 재정립하고자 한다. 이 연구에서는 한자 교육의 현황과 과제에 대하여 크게 4가지 범주에서 논의하였다. 첫째, 미래 사회의 요구에 부응하는 한자 교육 연구이다. 미래핵심 역량에 대한 연구를 통해 교육을 둘러싼 환경이나 사회적 요구에 부응하여 한자 교육의 철학과 정체성을 정립해야 한다는 접근이다. 둘째, 문식성 발달 단계를 고려한 한자 교육이다. 한자･한자어 학습에 대해 학생들이 보이는 문식 적 특징을 귀납화하여 객관적이고 타당한 발달 지표를 마련하여야 할 것이다. 셋째, 과학적 증거에 기반을 둔 교수 행위로서의 한자 교육이다. 한자 교육은 양적 연구와 질적 연구를 기초로, 연구의 설계에서부터 검증에 이르는 과정과 그에 따르는 결과가 객관적이고 타당하 며, 신뢰할 만한 수준을 보여주어야 한다. 넷째, 한자 의미의 스펙트럼에 대한 연구이다. 한자 교육이 어휘 교육으로서의 위상을 정립하고 정체성을 확보하기 위해서는 단어의 정의뿐만 아니라 의미 구조, 의미 관계, 의미 확장 등 한자 의 미에 대한 심도 있는 탐구가 요구된다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction with school meal service and the food preference in elementary school students who are in their growth period. A total of 484 students (242 boys) participated and completed a questionnaire survey. The results indicated that the merit of school meals was the highest in ‘balanced diet’. 'Food hygiene' and 'delicious food' were the most important factors in school meals. Most of the students wanted ‘balance between eastern and western foods’ and ‘new dishes’ for the menu of school meals. For the distribution of meals, ‘various kinds of side dishes’ and ‘warmth of dishes’ were mainly required. The main problems of the current environment of school meals were ‘long waiting time’ and ‘noise of the cafeteria’. In satisfaction with the school meal service, the highest satisfactory factor was 'staffs’ cleanliness', following 'arrangement of furniture in cafeteria' and 'nutrition information-providing'; whereas, the lowest factor was 'staffs’ kindness'. In the preference of foods, students preferred ‘white rice’; whereas they did not like ‘bean rice’; and ‘fried rice' was preferred. In side dishes with meat and fish, most of the meats including ‘Tangsuyuk’ and ‘Bulgogi’ were preferred. For fish, ‘fried hairtail’ was preferred; whereas, ‘fried Spanish mackerel’ was not. In case of kimchi, ‘Chinese cabbage kimchi’ and ‘cubed radish kimchi’ were especially preferred. Considering these results, intensive improvement is required to increase school meal satisfaction by understanding the students' needs. An effort to allow the students’ preferences to be reflected in the menu is also needed

It is known that air pollutants such as fine dust and exhaust gas from vehicles are harmful to human health. In particular, the black carbon emitted by vehicles is known to cause a large number of premature deaths. This study analyzed the effect of a noise barrier on the inflow amount of black carbon from a nearby high traffic road to a school area, using numerical analysis performed at two elementary schools. Also, the correlation between the noise barrier’s shape, height and the inflow amount of black carbon was assessed. As a result, it was found that the higher the noise barrier, the lower the inflow amount of black carbon observed at the school A. However, the inflow amount of black carbon at school B was not greatly influenced by the height of the noise barrier. The inflow amount of black carbon at the schools could be changed not only by the height of the noise barrier, but also by the shape, height and position of the noise barrier and the school building.

This study investigates the opening stage of English class in the elementary school. It specifically explores the significant features of the interactions among teachers and students. A non-native Korean English teacher, a native English teacher, and 25 elementary students participated in the study. Twenty-three opening parts of the English classes were collected, transcribed, and analysed for the study. Data analysis showed that 1) the openings consist of greetings, reviewing, promoting motivations, and giving class objectives, 2) students had authentic communication, in that they moved out of the I-R-F sequence and even took the lead in the conversation as in Waring (2009)’s study, and 3) there were three types of learner initiatives in the class opening, which were reported by Waring (2011). It is also worth while to note that students self-selected, volunteered to respond, and began a sequence on the assigned turn regardless of their English competence. Some implications were suggested for meaningful interactions in the opening stage of English class in the elementary school.

본고는 초등학교 한자교육의 중심을 어휘 교육으로 파악하고 초등학교 어휘 교육 과정에 필요한 字數와 字種을 제안하는 것을 중심 목표로 삼는다. 먼저 선행 연구의 방법･의의 및 한계를 종합하고 이 바탕 위에 김한샘(2009)과 ㈜낱말 어휘 정보 처리 연구소의 데이터 등을 추가적으로 활용하여 ‘초등학교용 교육용 한자’의 선정안을 제시하였다. 구체 논의 과정에서는 초등학교 교과서라는 말뭉치, 등급별 어휘라는 어휘 평정, 조어력, 전문가의 판단 등을 고려해 초등학교 한자교육에 필요한 적정 한자 수 및 한자 선정에 대한 논의를 펼쳤다. 이 중 ‘초등학교 교과서’라는 말뭉치는 그동안 단순 빈도의 측면에서만 이용되었던 것이고, 등급별 어휘와 조어력은 초등학교 교육용 적정 한자 수 선정 시 학계에 처음으로 고려된 것이다. 본고의 논의가 초등학교 교육 현장에서 신뢰하고 활용할 수 있는 ‘초등학교용 교육용 한자’의 선 정에 일정한 보탬이 되기를 바란다.

This article examined the current state of Chinese education in Korean elementary schools. First of all, we surveyed Chinese education in elementary schools by dividing the types of Chinese curriculum into two categories: the regular and after-school courses. This study also analyzed the current situation of Chinese education by surveying Chinese teachers of the elementary schools in Seoul and collecting qualitative data of the curriculum time, objectives, and quantity of the Chinese education, class types, and the ratio of native Chinese speaking teachers. Overall, the results showed that the elementary students in Seoul really want to learn Chinese, but the educational environment lacks sufficient capacity and quality needed to meet the student demands. A lack of resources is demonstrated by a lack of class time and multimedia materials. The typical teaching method suffers from an absence of native Chinese speaking teachers. The frustration that comes with insufficient resources eventually leads students to lose interest in studying Chinese as their satisfaction levels become low. This lack of dedicated resources tends to discourage future Chinese language study.

본 연구는 동물매개교육 프로그램을 통한 초등학교 학생들의 심리･정서 치유 및 생 명·존중의식 향상이라는 주제로 2014년 3월1일부터 2015년 2월 28일까지 진행이 되었으며, 전교생 중에 동물매개교육을 희망하는 학생 14명을 선발하여 진행이 되었다. 연구도구로는 6개의 변수(불안, 우울, 품행장애, ADHD, 생명존중의식)에 대한 사전 사 후 검사를 별도 측정해 프로그램의 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 연구방법으로는 사전· 사후검사를 통한 변화를 특정 하였다. 동물매개교육이 프로그램 참가 학생들의 심리· 정서 불안요인에 끼친 영향을 살펴 본 결과, 모든 영역에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며, 생명존중의식 또한 유의미한 결과가 나타났다. 이번 사례를 통해 동물매개교육프 로그램이 초등학생들에게 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

This study explores the morphological awareness of different graders with different vocabulary levels. A total of 275 elementary students (148 5th graders and 127 6th graders) across small, midium and large cities are selected to test their morphological awareness. First, they were divided into 30%, 40% and 30% of students according to their vocabulary levels. Second, they were tested on the recognition tests, the production tests and the distributional tests of English derivational morphemes divided by the prefixes and the suffixes appeared in the English textbooks. The results are: The recognition and production tests show significant differences for both vocabulary levels and different English levels across different grades. However, the distributional test shows no clear difference like the other two tests. Based on the results, the study draws the conclusion that morphological awareness is developing in the order of recognition, production and distribution of morphologized words in sentences. In other words, recognition of forms precedes the production of forms, and the production is followed by the functional awareness of morphologized words.

본 연구는 방과후돌봄이 초등학교 고학년 아동의 학교생활 적응에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 것이다. 방과후돌봄은 가족돌봄과 사회적 돌봄을 포함하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 가족돌봄과 사회적 돌봄의 한 형태인 방과후교육의 학교생활 적응에 대한 영향 여부와, 또래애착 및 공동체의식의 매개역할 여부를 규명하고자 하였다. 본고에서 가족돌봄의 질은 부모의 친구관심으로 대표된 다. 방과후교육은 공공과 민간을 아우르는 다양한 돌봄서비스 이용 경험으로 측정한다. 분석자료는 한국아동청소년패널조사 (KCYPS) 2011년도 초등 5학년 아동과 보호자 2,200명의 데이터이다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 방과후방임은 학교생활적응에 부적 영향을 미치지만, 또래애착의 매개효과는 유의미하지 않다. 둘째, 방과후방임의 학교생활 적응에 대한 부적인 영향은 일부 공동체의식을 통해 매개된다. 셋째, 가족돌봄의 질 제고는 공동체의식과 또래애착을 증진시켜 학교생활 적응도를 높인다. 넷째, 방과후 교육은 공동체 의식과 또래애착을 증진시킴으로써 아동의 학교생활 적응도를 높인다.

As the whole society grows insensible to its own safety, we keep having continuous big fires such as "Deagu Subway Arson Attack" and "The fire at a football training camp in Cheonan Elementary School." However, we fail to have at least a guidbook which contains minimal information regarding how to prevent big fires or arson attacks, moreover there isn't any educational system that allows the public to have a good habit for their safety. As for developed countries right after industrialization, the education on fire prevention and safety became mandatory for all schools and became one of their required school curriculum. If this becomes the case in Korea, Korea will be able to reduce the potential casualties in case of big fires and emergencies. Therefore, in this research, we would like to establish some appropriate measures and standards for fire prevention and safety based upon the current and immature situations in Korea.

The purpose of this study is to investigate 5th grade elementary school girls’ effort to recognize and use nutritional labels on processed foods and restaurant meals to encourage dietary behavior. The subjects (n=976) were divided into three groups (effort group, n=711; normal group, n=193; and no-effort group, n=72) depending on level of effort for the healthy dietary behavior such as eating balanced meals, eating three meals regularly, and eating meals slowly. In the effort group, the frequency of food intake for breads, ramen, noodles and fast foods was significantly lower, while frequency of food intake for fruits and vegetables and salad was significantly higher than in the other two groups. In the effort group, the ratio of the respondents that perception of nutrition labeling on processed foods and restaurant meals was 80.5% and 31.4% and the ratio of girls who checked the nutrition labeling at their point of purchase was 71.1% and 24.7%, respectively. Reasons given for not reading nutrition labeling for restaurant meals were ‘not interested’ for 34.6% of the effort group, and 52.2% of the no-effort group. Therefore, it is necessary to create an educational program on healthy dietary behavior, including how to read nutrition labeling and establishment of proper body image perception for elementary school girls.

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of indoor air and health-related parameters (allergic rhinoconjunctivitis) of subject of study (control group and sensitive group) in two schools. The schools were categorized into two groups of newly-built school and the school older than 5 years. Removal of indoor pollutant was investigated according to volume rates (0%, 1.5%, 3%) of indoor plants inside 3 classrooms respectively. The chemicals of indoor environmental research were PM10, Volatile organic compounds (toluene and benzene), formaldehyde, temperature and humidity. ARIA (Allergic rhinitis impacts on Asthma) test was used to assess health effect for 151 students. Also, The variation of SBS symptoms for students in classroom was measured by intervention. With increasing volume ratio of classrooms, there were positive and significant results between the indoor pollutant and student's health score. Students showed improvement health score during the period of putting indoor plants, which was facilitated by the placement of indoor plants at newly-built school classroom of indoor plants volume ratio 3%. From the results above, it could be tentatively effective newly-built school classroom of indoor plants volume ratio 3% improve indoor air quality and student's health score.

This paper introduces good game design elements to consider for educational game. A suggested theory is applied on case study of educational history game development which was conducted by collaboration of game and education research experts. In the beginning of study, we seek for good game elements from the nature of play. We define and reorganize indigenous characteristic of play into two categories, Ludus and Paidia. Ludus is more oriented toward complex rule base game, and Paidia goes toward play attributes. We design and develop educational game based on suggested core design elements. At last, we observe how suggested good game design elements influences our educational game, addressing how to apply our design theory to the educational game development process.

목적: 최근 스마트폰과 컴퓨터 등 다양한 매체의 발달로 인하여 근거리 작업이 증가하면서 성인에서 어린이인 초등학생까지 시력에 많은 문제점을 나타내고 있다. 초등학교 시기는 성장변화가 빠르고 시력 또한 변화가 많은 시기로 적절한 시기에 정확한 검사가 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구는 현재 목포시 소재 3개 초등학교의 초등학생들의 굴절이상안과 폭주근점 부분 실태를 파악하여 목포지역 초등학생들의 굴절이상 현황 파악의 기초 자료로 사용하고자 하였다. 방법: 목포시 3개의 초등학교 전교생 남학생과 여학생을 대상으로 대성초 293명 연동초 238명 용호초 281명 총 812명을 조사하였다. 굴절이상 측정은 A.R(Hubitz HRK-8000, 자동안굴절력계)로 측정하고 A.R 측정 결과 값에 구면 값의 오차는 ±0.50D 감안하여 −0.50D<~< +0.50D인 경우 정시로 구분하고 난시안은 원주 값의 오차 ±0.25D 감안하여 굴절 부분 이상으로 포함시켰다. 폭주근점 검사는 뽀쪽한 지시봉으로 실시하였다. 결과: 1. 굴절이상안 학교별 분류 :3개 초등학교 굴절이상안을 학교별로 나눈 결과 대성초등학교 293명 중 정상안 85(29.01%)명 굴절이상안 208(70.99%)명 연동초등학교 238명 중 정상안 87(36.55%)명 굴절이상안 151(63.45%)명 용호초등학교 281명 중 정상안 100(35.58%)명 굴절이상안 181(64.42%)명으로 나타났다[Fig 1].2. 굴절이상안 학년별 분류: 3개 초등학교 굴절이상안을 학년별로 나눈 결과 1학년 127명 중 정상안 54(42.51%)명 굴절이상안 73(57.49%)명, 2학년 114명중 정상안 55(48.24%)명 굴절이 상안 59(51.76%)명, 3학년 121명 중 정상안 44(36.36%)명 굴절이상안 77(63.64%)명, 4학년 147명중 정상안 46(31.29%)명 굴절이상안 101(68.71%)명, 5학년 총 144명 중 정상안 35(24.30%)명 굴절이상안 109(75.70%)명 6학년 총 159명 중 정상안 40(25.15%)명 굴절이상 안 119(74.85%)명으로 나타났다[Fig. 2].3. 굴절이상안 성별 비 : 3개 초등학교 굴절이상안을 성별의 비율로 나눈 결과 남자 총 384명 중 정상안 136(35.41%)명 굴절이상안 248(64.59%)명 여자 총 428명중 정상안 136(31.77%)명 굴절이상안 292(68.23%)명으로 나타났다[Fig 3].4. 폭주근점 이상 : 3개 초등학교 폭주근점 부족안을 남녀 성별로 나눈 결과 총원 812명 중 747(91.99)명 65(8.01)명으로 나타났다[Fig 4].결론: 본 연구는 목포지역 3개 초등학교 학생들의 굴절 이상 실태 파악을 위해 조사를 실시하였다. 3개 초등학교 굴절이상은 학교별 비율은 비슷하게 나왔고, 성별은 여자쪽이 더 높게 나왔으며, 학년 별로는 고학년으로 갈수록 굴절이상안 비율이 높아졌다. 목포지역 3개 초등학교의, 굴절이상안의 비율은 예상했던 결과 값 보다 높게 나타난 것으로 보아 사태의 심각성이 느껴졌다. 굴절이상의 경우, 고학년으로 올라갈수록 안경원에 주기적으로 방문하여 정확한 교정을 해주는 것이 필요하며, 시력검사는 적어도 6개월에 한번 씩은 실시하는 것이 요구되지만 본 조사 결과와 같이 고학년 일수록 굴절 이상안의 비율이 높게 나타나는 것은 현대사회의 다양한 매체의 발달과 컴퓨터 작업을 통한 학업증가와 대부분의 학부모가 눈에 관련해서는 무관심한 사항이 아울러져 굴절이상이 높게 나타난 것으로 나탔으며 안경을 착용하면 미용상 나쁘다와 안경을 착용하면 눈이 더 나빠진다는 잘못된 상식의 결과인 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 굴절 이상안 관련 문제는 규칙적으로 검사 해줄 필요가 있고, 폭주근점 검사에서 폭주부족의 비율은 적었지만 폭주 부족의 증상을 가지고 있는 학생들은 시기능 훈련을 통하여 폭주부족을 완화시키기 위해 안 보건 차원에서 학생들의 시력을 주기적으로 검사하고 지속적으로 관리하는 전담인력의 배치가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of interpersonal relationships with snack preference and the intake frequency of snacks with a primary focus on obesity index and snack preparations in upper grade (5~6th) elementary school students. A total of 719 students in Gyeongsangnam-do province were recruited and a questionnaire-based survey was conducted. Data were analyzed using the SPSS V18.0. The results were as follows : A total score of interpersonal relationships was 94.5 (full marks 125), and the scores of 7 factors consisting interpersonal relationships were over 3.50(full marks 5.00). Overweight group had the lowest score in interpersonal relationships (p<0.01) and purchase group by oneself had a low score than the other groups in snacks preparation (p<0.001). Most favorite snacks were ice cream. Additionally, the snack purchase group showed higher scores than the cook group by family in 8 types of snack and a total score of preference (p<0.05~p<0.001). Milk and dairy products had the highest score in frequency of snack intake. And purchase group by oneself or family was a higher than cook group by family (p<0.01). Interpersonal relationships showed a positive effect on preference and intake frequency of milk and dairy products but their explanation powers (R2) were very low. The findings of this study provide fundamental information impact factor in snack preference and frequency of snack intake.

This study aimed to examine English oral reading fluency of 5th and 6th grade students. Twenty three 5th graders and 22 6th graders at an elementary school in Daejeon participated in the study. Four texts were prepared: a 5th grade equivalent dialog text, a 5th grade equivalent narrative text, a 6th grade equivalent dialog text, and a 6th grade equivalent narrative text. The students were asked to read them aloud at the end of the first semester and the second semester. Comprehension check-up questions were given immediately after they read the texts. Their reading rate was measured in the number of words they read correctly per minute (WCPM). At the end of the school year, the 5th graders read their grade level dialog text at 103 WCPM on average, and the narrative text at 97 WCPM on average. The 6th graders read the dialog text 111 WCPM on average, and the narrative text at 99 WPCM on average. The correlations between reading rates and comprehension were moderate; .60 at the first administration and .58 at the second administration.

The present study sought to examine the continuity of the English textbooks of the elementary school 6th grade and the middle school 1st grade by analyzing the readability and vocabulary difficulty of their reading passages. It investigated the continuity between textbooks of the two grades and among chapters of each textbook. For the analysis, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index was used to measure the readability of reading passages, whereas vocabulary difficulty was measured in terms of TTR (type-token ratio) and frequency by using VocabProfile. The results showed that the readability of middle school textbooks was one point higher than that of elementary school textbooks. Given that the readability index is based on the American school system, the increase in readability index between grades can be seen as large gap. In terms of vocabulary difficulty, the total amount of vocabulary in the middle school textbooks was three times as much as that of the elementary school textbooks. Second, readability index fluctuated across the chapters of each textbook, while the TTR was found to be higher in the former chapters than in the latter chapters in elementary school textbooks. All these could lead to learning difficulties for students. Pedagogical implications are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary education on improving preferences to Korean traditional foods in upper grades schoolchildren. The education group consisted of 184 children (4th=65, 5th=50, 6th=69), while the control group consisted of 135 children (4th=40, 5th=55, 6th=40). Each group was selected from a different school in Changwon. In the education group, 12 lessons were implemented using educational materials based on sensory education. For the evaluation, pre- and post-surveys were performed in each group using self-administered questionnaire surveys. Variables in the questionnaire consisted of self-efficacy, subjective norms, cognitive attitude, food neophobia scale, eating frequency, preference, intake experience, and nutrition knowledge. After education, the knowledge score improved significantly in both groups. However, self-efficacy (p<0.01), subjective norms (p<0.01), cognitive attitude (p<0.001) and food neophobia scale (p<0.001) changed significantly in only the education group. The intake frequency of Korean traditional foods did not significantly increase in either group. However, the preferences and intake experience of the foods, which were offered in class and school meals, changed significant in only the education group. In conclusion, dietary education based on sensory education may be useful for developing a positive eating attitude for Korean traditional foods in children.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes in perception concerning nutrition labeling and students' availability of processed foods and is to investigate parents' awareness of nutrition labeling through the 'Education program on safety management of children's dietary life' conducting directly to the fifth grade elementary school students (4,105 persons) by the nutrition teacher in each school. The part that checked when purchasing processed food before and after the students' education, the name of manufacturer (p<0.05), raw material and content (p<0.001), food additives (p<0.001), nutritive components (p<0.05) etc. were significantly improved. An idea about nutrition labeling has increased after the education, the question items in 'it is reliable' (p<0.001), 'satisfied' (p<0.01) were significantly increased particularly. In spite of one time education, it showed positive changes such as it can be possible to get desired nutrition information. Thus, although it was one time training conducted in the situation that can not be carried out formal education due to school environment, a variety of practical education of children's dietary life is required targeting comprehensive senior students, the education is considered to be conducted for children as well as parents.