본문은 한중 공업품의 발전현황을 바탕으로 중국과 RCEP 회원국 2011~2020년에 대해 패널데이터로 시변적(Time-Varing) 확률적 변경 중력모형을 구축하여 한중 양국의 공업품의 무역 효율과 잠재력에 대해 분석한다. 연구를 통해 경제규모, 노동력, 공동적 언어가 한중 양국의 공업품 무역에 긍정적인 영향을 미치면 지리적 거리에서 부정적 작용을 미친다. FTA협정, 대외 직접투자는 양국의 무역 효율 상승을 추진과 비교적 높은 경제자유도와 양호한 상업 환경은 양국의 수출무역의 억제를 감소시킨다. 한중 공업품 무역효율은 RCEP 회원국 순위에서 중후반에 위치하고 있어 자본 기술 집약형 제품의 수출 성장공간이 비교적 크다. 중국은 핵심 기술 경쟁력 향상으로 기업환경 개선하여 한중 양국의 협력을 강화하여 RCEP 제도의 긍정적 측면을 충분히 발휘한다.

현재 신종 코로나바이러스 감염증이 전 세계적으로 계속 확산되어 경제와 무역에 미치는 영향이 지속적으로 깊어지고 있다. 2002년 11월에 한중일 자유무역지대를 설립하는 구상이 제출된 후에, 한중일 FTA는 벌써 18년 정도 난항을 겪어왔다. 현재 3자는 상품무역, 서비스무역, 투자, 규칙 등 중요한 제안 에 대해 심도 있는 의견을 교환하였으며, 공동으로 참여하고 있는 ‘역내포괄적경제동반자협정’(RCEP) 이 공감대를 바탕으로 무역과 투자의 자유화 수준을 더욱 높이고, 높은 기준의 규칙을 수립하여 한중일 자유무역협정을 구축하기로 합의하였다.

대외무역은 경제성장의 엔진이라는 이 관점은 일찍이 국제무역이론이 형성되기 시작했을 때부터 이미 보편적으로 인정을 받았다. 특히 경제글로벌화의 큰 배경에서 경제발전에 대한 대외무역의 추진역할 이 갈수록 중요해지고 뚜렷해졌다. 일정한 무역규모에서 다른 상품무역구조가 경제발전에 미치는 영향의 차이는 매우 크다. 한중 양국의 상품무역구조가 양국의 경제발전에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는가를 본 연구에서는 주로 논술하고 논증을 한다. 국제 경제의 흐름에 따라 한중 양국은 끊임없이 자체 무역구조를 보완하고 경제 발전을 가속화하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 각 상품의 구성과 부가가치를 보면 기술 함량과 부가가치가 낮은 일차제품은 국제 시장에서 경쟁력이 약하고 기술 함량과 부가가치가 높은 공업완제품은 가치가 높아 국제시장에서 경쟁력이 강하다. 일차제품과 공업완제품이 무역 총액에서 각각 차지하는 비율을 비교하면 국가 무역 구조의 좋고 나쁨을 알 수 있다. 상품무역구조가 국가의 경제발전에 영향을 미치는 반면 무역과 상품무역구조는 밀접한 관련이 있음을 알 수 있다. 이에 따라 일차제품과 공업완제품이 무역에서 각각 차지하는 비중을 따져 국가경제발전을 연구하고 있다.

In this study, we analyzed the effect of heating curing on apartment construction in clod weather frame construction. The temperature was measured using a temperature sensor in winter and in non-winter season, the temperayure difference in the winter concrete temperature history was more than 10 degrees.

"One belt, one road" initiative has the potential to create greater opportunities for the logistics sector in China-Korea FTA. According to the signing and negotiating of the China -Korea Free Trade Agreement will build a comprehensive institutional framework for the trade, investment and cooperation within the two countries, promote the opening of each others market and push forward the integral development and prosperity of the regional economy. The logistics related system in China is dispersed over different，regulations，international rules and technological specifications of every links of logistics；so there is the lack of system aticness，coordination，legal force and international perspective of this system. China should promote the standardization of logistics related system and regulation，establish an independent and uniformed logistics department，and accelerate amendment of related system to meet the requirement of the development of times.

Lacquer art of Korea and China are from the same root. Lacquer art has been spread from Chinese inland to korean peninsula since Han dynasty, then it affected Japan and countries in southeast Asia. Korean lacquer art undertook Chinese type and then formed its own special style gradually. "Blue is extracted from theindigoplant,butis bluer thanit".The lacquer art from two countries are growing up and contradictory. Korean lacquer art undertakes civil thought and founds country with culture in modern times, which shows the special craft culture in Korea. On the contrary, Chinese lacquer art mostly continues tradition, and lots of traditional skills are almost lost. It is not good or fast in evolution of lacquer art.There is big difference between two countries. Analyzing the lacquer art difference between Korea and China can show the disadvantageof Chinese lacquer art. Under the background of raising rapid development of culture industry in China, how to promote modern lacquer art, incorporate everything, learn from each other, absorb excellent lacquer art tradition from two countries and speed up the evolution of modern lacquer art in two countries, whichis extremely an urgent theme.

한국과 중국에서 산은 단순한 자연체(自然體)가 아니다. 평평한 대지 위에 유독 우뚝하게 솟아 오른 산의 형상은 무언가 신비로운 일이 벌어지며, 설명되지 않는 생로병사의 열쇠를 지고 있는 어떤 신비로운 존재가 있다고 상상하던 곳이었다. 산에 대한 숭배와 상상 력은 하늘의 신과 소통하며 인간사를 다스리는 산신(山神)을 창조 하였다. 한국과 중국 전통 종교에서 산신은 지상과 자연신 중에서 가장 높은 지위를 가지며 존숭되어왔다. 한국과 중국 산신신앙 중 특이한 점은 특정 산에 거하면서 역사대 대로 그 영향력을 지대하게 발휘하던 여신, 즉 여산신이 있었다는 점이다. 이 여산신은 세속적 민중의 신으로 대단한 응집력을 보이며, 정치 권력층이나 신흥종교와 융화되었다. 한국 지리산의 성모와 한라산의 설문대할망, 중국 상상속의 산 곤륜산의 서왕모와 태산의 벽하원군은 이와 같은 여산신의 특징을 잘 보여주는 양국의 대표 여산신이며 그 영향력이 현재까지 이어지 고 있다. 본고에서는 지리산 성모, 한라산 설문대할망, 곤륜산 서왕모, 태산 벽하원군과 관련된 신화 자료를 중심으로 한중 여산신의 다양한 형 상을 살펴보고, 변화하는 그들의 모습에서 여산신 신앙의 변이과정 과 그 의미를 살펴보고자 한다.

This paper shows from a cognitive linguistic standpoint, how the properties of conceptual structure reflected in body language can be revealed through analysis of opposites in sign language. Commonalities and differences in sign language are also discussed through cultural comparison between the Korean and Chinese languages. The main content of this paper can be described as follows. Firstly, similarities in sign language and conceptual structure were confirmed through analysis of opposites, showing that sign language bases its functions on a conceptual system shared with vocal language. Secondly, it was found that iconicity, conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy exist in sign language, with iconicity and metaphor existing simultaneously, based on similarity, and metonymy playing a general role. Thirdly, it was hypothesized that opposites maintain their consistency due to their origin in a universal cognitive disposition of human beings. However, it was confirmed in this study that sign language does not adhere to this feature and might instead be related to the different physiology, mind patterns and socio-cultural background of Chinese and Korean users. Finally, results of contrastive analysis of Korean and Chinese sign language showed that cross-linguistic universality was more in evidence than individuality. In other words, the basic experience of space possesses the universality feature.

Purpose: of this study was to investigate the effects of emotional intelligence and perceived coaching on burnout for korean, chinese swimming athletes. Methods: emotional intelligence, perceived coaching behaviour, burnout questionnaire was asked 97 korean, 88 chinese swimming athletes. we conducted the exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach α Analysis to found out construct validity and reliability. independe t-test used for difference between korea and china. quartile split used for turning the continuous variable, emotional intelligence and perceived coaching behaviour, into a 3 categorical levels and the data were analyzed using ANOVA. finally we conducted regression analysis. Results: first, korean swimming athletes showed more higher burnout than chinese. but chinese swimming athletes showed more higher emotional intelligece and perceived coaching behavior than korean. second, burnout was significantly different according to the level of perceived coaching behavior. third, burnout was influenced by perceived coaching behavior. Conclusions: findings suggest that the difference of variables with their cultural backgrounds will contribute to the cross-cultural study. Finally we discussed cross cultural psychology on that results and proposed athletes’ burnout.

In this prolonged economic recession, the countries in Northeast Asia play a crucial role in the global market and the relationship between Korea and China gets more attention due to its significant achievement during the past 20 years after the establishment of diplomatic ties in 1992. In this regards, this study presents general overview of Korea-China Car Ferry Route and evaluates the efficiency level of each operating route using DEA model. Incheon-Yingkou, Incheon-Lianyungang, Pyeong Taek-Lianyungang are analyzed as efficent routes, while from the view point of passenger efficiency, 4 routes i.e, Incheon-Dalian, Incheon-Dandong, Pyeong Taek- Weihai, Gunsan-Shidao are also noted as efficient routes. Consequently, other inefficient routes can benchmark these efficient routes by increasing cargo volume and passengers.

This paper reviewed on the minimum strength of concrete in cold climates from the viewpoint of durability. The results show that the minimum strength to prevent early frost damage recommend to 21 MPa.

본 연구는 한중정기항로에서 국적선사 활성화 방안에 관한 실증연구이다. 본 연구를 위하여 한중항로의 국적정기선사, 중국적 정기선사, 3국적 정기선사 등의 종사자에 실문지 500매를 배포하여 290매 회수하였으며, 한중정기항로 국적선사 활성화 요인과 물동량 증대효과의 관련성을 검증하기 위하여 먼저, 설문문항의 신뢰성(Reliability)은 크론바하 알파(Cronbach's Alpha)에 의한 내적 일관성 검사법을 통하여 검정하였고, 독립변수의 구성타당성(Construct Validity)을 검정하기 위해서 변수들이 선형결합이라는 가정 하에 요인을 추출하는 주성분 법(Principal Components)을 이용한 요인분석(Factor Analysis)을 실시하였다. 그리고 연구가설을 검증하기 위하여 다변량 회귀분석(Multiple Regression Analysis)을 실시하였다.

The poems of Wangsogun. had been written by many Korean, Chinese, and Japanese poets in ancient time. Today we can discover several different aspects from the their contents. On this parer, I would like to introduce the particular points of three nations' poems in which Wangsogun's life was divided in six terms. The first, I am interested in how poets of each nation described Wangsogun, before she left the court of Han(漢) in old time of China. In the poems, poets of three nations commonly told it very sadly at that time. However Japanese and Chinese poets did not say about it as sad as Korean do. It is very interesting thing that Korean poets sang the fact distinctly. Probably, in Korea the birth and growth of someone are accepted as an important thing than any other country. The second. Wangsogun had lived unhappily in the court of Han, because she didn't be recognized by Woenhe(元帝), the Emperor of Han. Among the poets of Japan and China, this problems were not accepted as a large issue except of Korea. The third, it was really miserable thing for the poets of three countries in ancient East Asia to describe the fact that Wangsogun departed for Hyungno(匈奴). Especially, In Japan, this subject of Wangsogun's poem, was accepted more serioulsy than the other countries. The fourth,it caused variety problems why Wangsogun had to be married to Hohansa(呼漢邪), the king of Hyungno. The poets of three nations generally explained that Wangsogun wanted to go there by herself, but that reason was different from each other country. The fifth, the life of which Wangsogun had lived in Hyungno, implicated lots of means in Chinese poems. In historical materials, it was treated very importantly whether Wangsogun was married to his son or not. But, in the poems, many poets of three countries criticized about incapability of Han dynasty. The sixth, at this part, I try to understand the reaction of poets who wrote the Cheongchong(靑家), Wangsongun's tomb. Many Korean, Chinese and Japanese poets sang the Wangsogun's conduct through description of Cheongchong. Especially Korean poets described the mood of Wangsogun's tomb less than Chinese poets. This aspect was caused from Korean poets had not have many opportunities to see the Cheongchong. On the above, Icompared three nations ancient poems which told the life of a woman who lived in the court of Han, and was married to Hohansa. We realize the fact that poets of three nations described the life of Wangsogun in various sides of hteir various versions. In many cases, Chinese poets sighed at the tragic fate of their own country, Korean expressed the sorrow of themselves through the Wangsogun's poems, and Japanese sang the grief of Wangsogun who had to go to Orangkae(胡)'s region.