최병헌의 종교관은 문명론과 기독교적 세계관이 만나는 지점에서 형성되었다. 여기서는 그의 대표작이라 할 수 있는 『성산명경』, 『만종일련』, 『한철집요』를 중심으로 그의 종교 담론이 지니는 의미를 전통 지식의 재편이라는 측면에서 고찰했다. 문명론과 기독교 세계관의 접합을 확인할 수 있는 『성산명 경』은 존 번연의 『천로역정』에 비견될 정도로 한국 초기 기독교 토착화에 기여한 것으로 평가된다. 유불도와 기독교 간의 대화는 세계 창조론, 인간 영혼론, 내세론을 주제로 진행되었는데, 기독교가 서양 문명의 원동력이며 보편적 가치를 지닌 것임을 확인하는 것으로 귀결된다. 『만종일련』은 기독교의 절대적 가치를 주장하면서도 제종교가 복음에 이르는 과정에 도움을 줄 수 있는 성취론적 관점을 취한다. 유신론, 내세론, 신앙을 종교의 3대 관념으로 제시했으나 3대 관념 가운데 일부를 결여하더라도 종교로 인정했다. 이는 전통적인 보유론과 적응주의와 구분된다. 기독교의 수용은 유학을 중심으로 했던 전통 지식 체계의 변형을 촉진하고, 근대적 지식 체계 형성에 기여했다. 화지안의 『성해연원』을 저본으로 한 유교 심성론 기술은 기독교적 관점에서 유교 지식체계를 재구축한 것이다. 동서양의 종교와 철학을 망라한 『한철집요는 비록 한문 교육을 목적으로 만들어진 것이지만 유교를 중심으로 한 전통 지식의 재편을 보여주는 사례이다. 유교 지식인이었던 최병헌의 기독교 수용은 한국 교회사뿐만 아니라 전통 지식체계의 탈구축이라는 점에서 독해가 필요한 이 유이다.

이 연구의 목적은 자기연민의 적용과 효과를 알아보기 위해서 장애아동 부모들의 자기연민과 양육효능감 간의 관계에서 장애수용이 매개효과를 갖는가를 분석하는 데 있다. 연구 참여자는 충청북도를 중심으로 장애 관련 기관에서 재활 혹은 교육 서비스를 받는 장애아동 부모 280명이다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS를 활용하여 중다회귀분석을 실시하여 통계처리하였다. 분석결과를 보면, 장애아동 부모의 자기연민과 양육효능감의 관계에서 장애수용은 완전히 매개하는 효과를 갖는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과를 통해서 얻을 수 있는 의의는 장애아동 부모가 장애아동을 위하여 보다 잘 양육시키기 위한 양육효능감을 잘 형성하기 위해서는 장애아동 부모의 자기연민뿐만 아니라 장애수용도 중요하게 영향력을 미치는 요인으로 작용하고 있음을 발견한 것이다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 장애아동 부모의 양육효능감을 향상시키는 방법으로 자기연민을 높이는 방법을 강구하고 장애수용도 높여서 양육효능감을 향상시키는 방법도 논의하였다. 후속적인 연구에서는 본 연구의 결과를 반영하여 장애아동 부모를 위한 프로그램을 개발하는 것이 필요하다고 제안하였다.

The current study aims to analyze the process of fabric production planning in Dongdaemun Market, which is a successful model case industrial integration in South Korea. We followed the changes in perception among fabric experts, regarding their recognition of fashion trends, and the following planning and process of fabric production. We used the purpose sampling method to select participants for interview in the Dongdaemun Market, then we carried out one-to-one interviews. Our analysis reveals 4 points of importance. First, the fabric planning stage either employed the trend book swatch, or simply reused the model fabrics already available. Even though the experts felt the need to accept the latest fashion trends, very few considered the trends as positive influences in fabric planning. Whereas trend was a key element in identifying the flow of the fashion industry, there were obstacles in carrying out the study. Second, experts frequently participated in domestic fabric seminars, but not in textile exhibitions. Third, domestic and overseas market research has been performed typically at department stores, and typically at Japan. Fourth, the influx of Chinese fabrics has both positive and negative influences, such as low price, and low reliability. In conclusion, experts were less amenable to accepting the latest fashion trends. pre-requisites in real life to meet the use of the current trend of each company. More studies on the Dongdaemun Market from perspectives of practitioners are warranted.

본 연구는 다문화수용이 아동의 학교적응에 미치는 영향과 삶의 만족도의 매개효과를 확인하여 시사점과 기초자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해서 자료는 한국아동청소년패널 데이터를 활용하였으며 이 중 초1 패널 6차년도 자료를 사용하였다. 분석은 기술통계 및 상관분석, 적합도 검증, 경로분석을 실시하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 아동의 다문화수용은 삶의 만족도와 학교적응에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 아동의 삶의 만족도는 다문화수용이 학교적응에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 교육과 정책적 함의를 제시하였다.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of alcohol content in Makgeolli made with Chinese matrimony vine (M-CMV) on the sensory profile and consumer acceptability. The M-CMVs were prepared with 6, 7, 8, and 9% alcohol content. Descriptive analysis of M-CMV was performed with six trained panelists. Thirteen attributes were generated and their intensities were alcohol content dependent. The consumer acceptance test was conducted with 57 consumers. M-CMV samples with 7% alcohol had the highest acceptance rate (5.8) followed by 6% M-CMV (5.6). Commercial rice Makgeolli (CRM) had the lowest consumer acceptance. Consumers were divided into two groups by clustering analysis. The majority of consumers (n=38) preferred M-CMV and did not like the commercial sample. Only 19 consumers indicated high acceptance ratings for CRM. However, these consumers also preferred 6 and 7% M-CMV. Partial least-squares regression analysis revealed moderate attribute intensities were related to greater consumer acceptability. The optimal alcohol content for the greatest consumer acceptance predicted by linear regression was 6.7%.

PURPOSES :A complete signal system is not always the best solution for improving traffic operation efficiency at intersections. An alternative solution is to use a Protected Permitted Left Turn (PPLT) operation method. However, the PPLT method needs to be developed after a detailed study of driving tendencies, most notably the gap acceptance behavior, for successful implementation. In this study, the gap acceptance behavior was investigated under various variables and weather conditions, especially under rain, and the results were compared to the case of normal weather. The results of this study will be helpful in introducing the PPLT method, and are important considering the tendency of attempting unprotected left turns that is extremely common in Korean drivers.METHODS :Data was obtained by analyzing traffic footage at four intersections on a day when the precipitation was greater than 5 mm/h. The collected data was classified into seven variables for statistical analysis. Finally, we used logistic regression analysis to develop a probability distribution model.RESULTS :Gap, traffic volume, and the number of conflicting lanes were factors affecting the gap acceptance behavior of unprotected left turns under rainy conditions.CONCLUSIONS :The probability of attempting unprotected left turns is higher for larger gaps. On the other hand, the probability of attempting unprotected left turns decreases with an increase in the traffic volume. Finally, an increase in the number of conflict lanes leads to a decrease in the probability of attempting unprotected left turns.

비트코인을 비롯한 블록체인 기술 기반 가상통화는 분산원장기술에 의해 생성되고 거래되는 P2P 네트워크 기반 디지털 암호화폐이다. 가상통화는 정부나 중앙은행에 의해서가 아니라 알고리즘에 의하여 생성되며 그 거래가 네트워크 참여자들에 의해 검증되기 때문에 이중지불의 문제가 해결된다. 이러한 가상통화의 법적 성격이 무엇인지를 규명할 필요가 있는데, 이를 위해 각국의 입장을 살펴보면 가상통화를 상품, 자산으로 보거나 통화, 화폐로 보는 입장으로 나뉨을 알 수 있다. 가상통화가 현실세계에서 통화의 기능을 다하고 있음을 볼 때, 가상통화의 법적 성격은 통화로 인정함이 타당하다. 하지만, 가상통화의 가격변동성은 가상통화를 금과 같은 상품으로 보고 이를 투기수단으로 보기 때문이다. 이는 가상통화의 발 전을 저해하는 것이므로, 앞으로는 법률과 기술을 정비하여 가상통화의 교환 및 지급결제수단으로서의 기능이 더 강화될 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 동시에, 가상통화의 제도적 수용을 위해 법률과 기술적 코드를 통해 가상통화의 불법적 이용을 방지하는 것이 필요하다.

Introduction The concentration of manufacturing factories in China signals a significant change in the global economy. Manufacturers in countries that are not price competitive feel a sense of crisis and use servitization in the manufacturing industry as a countermeasure. In particular, with the recent rapid development of IoT and AI, service methods are becoming faster and more diverse resulting in increased research on servitization. Vandermerwe and Rada (1988), who first mentioned the term servitization, define it as providing customer-focused products, services, support, self-service, and knowledge, all bundled together. Despite numerous studies on servitization few consider the customer’s perspective, although many consider the producer’s point of view. So far existing research only explored on how consumers accept value-in-use based on an accurate understanding of consumers' needs from the consumer perspective in servitization, based on expectation-confirmation theory. This study examines how customers accept servitization and links it to customer satisfaction. Literature review Servitization Ren and Gregory (2007) defined servitization as a strategic change in which manufacturing companies develop service-oriented or better services to satisfy customers, gain competitive advantage, and improve corporate performance. Raja et al. (2013) examined servitization to find the most important attributes of value-in-use for customers using servitized products and classified them into seven attributes. This study is based on the seven attributes identified by Raja et al. (2013). Perceived Usefulness, Confirmation, and Customer Satisfaction Bhattacharjee developed the Continuance Use Model based on the expectation-confirmation theory and conducted empirical studies for verification (2001b). Our study analyzes the correlation between customer acceptance process and customer satisfaction based on the Expectation-Confirmation model by Bhattacharjee (2001b). Research method We conducted surveys and analyzed the data of 50 Korean university students and members of the public using Smart Pay (Samsung Pay, Apple Pay etc.). The reliability of the questionnaire was verified by using the Cronbach’s alpha values and exploratory factor analysis. The seven variables of the value-in-use attributes of servitization identified by Raja et al. are as follows: relational dynamic, accessibility, range of product and service offering, knowledge, price, delivery, and locality. We measured three additional variables: perceived usefulness, confirmation, and customer satisfaction. Contributions Academic contribution This study provides a theoretical basis for examining the relationship between variables and the influence of the value-in-use attributes of servitization on customer acceptance and satisfaction. Practical contribution We present implications for customer satisfaction in the servitization process of manufacturing companies by explaining how customers accept the value-in-use attributes of servitization.

Driven by the ability to interconnect with key modern trends of healthcare and fitness, wearable devices are attracting significant level of interest from sports industry marketers. Wearable devices are the new electronic technology equipped with sensors, internet connections, processors, and operating systems and used external to the body, either attached as an accessory or embedded in clothes (Li, Wu, Gao, & Shi, 2016; Raskovic, Martin, & Jovanov, 2004; Yang, Yu, Zo, & Choi, 2016). As fully functional, self-contained electronics, wearable devices allow users to access information measured anytime and anywhere. According to ABI Research (2016), the global wearable device shipments will increase from 202 million in 2016 to more than 501 million by 2021. Specifically, market reports show that wearable fitness trackers have dominated the consumer market for wearable devices by accounting 85% of the wearable technology market in 2016 (International Data Corporation, 2016). A wrist-worn type of wearable fitness devices is the most popular but chest worn type, apparel, and other types (e.g., clip-on, ear-worn, etc.) of wearable devices are also used for fitness tracking. Wearable fitness devices analyze accumulated data of the users’ physical activity as well as provide the health and fitness status in real time. Studies on behavior change through wearable technology showed that feedback based on accurate and insightful analysis could lead long-term use of wearable devices (Fritz, Huang, Murphy, & Zimmermann, 2014; Patel, Asch, & Volpp, 2015). In this regards, smart applications linked to wearable fitness devices are widely used. As electronics IT products and services are recognized as an instance of fashion objects, many studies on the user acceptance of the products and services have focused on the importance of product design and visual attractiveness (Cyr, Head, & Ivanov, 2006; Tzou & Lu, 2007). However, little research has been done on user acceptance and behaviors of wearable fitness devices and smart applications linked to the devices focusing on the effect of the design aesthetics. Thus, the current study seeks to better understand the relationship between design aesthetics and the extended technology acceptance model (TAM) including perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived enjoyment. In addition, this study seeks to explore the synergistic effect of visual attractiveness of the smart applications linked to them on adoption process of wearable fitness devices and the related services. The definition of fashion is “a way of behaving that is temporarily adopted by a discernible proportion of members of a social group because that chosen behavior is perceived to be socially appropriate for the time and situation (Tzou & Lu, 2009, p. 312- 313).” A fashion object has some unique characteristics including styling, aesthetics, ego gratification, etc. and is perceived to be newer, more novel, more aesthetic or even more attractive than other choices (Tzou & Lu, 2009, p. 313). As iPhone and iWatch have changed the market trends of IT products and services, it is significant that consumer electronics products with visually attractive design are more likely dominate the market and consumers’ willingness to pay is high. As a fashion technology, the most popular type of wearable fitness devices is a bracelet that users can wear on their wrist. Users wear fitness devices 24/7 to track their physical activity to gain information for healthcare and fitness practice. Specifically, wearable fitness devices track physical activity, such as workout time and intensity, steps taken, calories burned, and even sleep patterns. By quantifying users’ behaviors, the devices can educate and motivate individuals to improve their health and fitness practices (Patel et al., 2015). Considering IT products as fashion technology, many studies on user acceptance of new technology show the importance of product design and attractiveness. Researchers found that the sensory experience of information technology as well as physical electronics products determined users’ perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived enjoyment (Childers et al., 2001; Cyr et al., 2006; van der Hdijden, 2003). However, few studies have tested the effect of aesthetics factor on the wearable fitness device adoption process. Thus, this study defines design aesthetics as an aesthetic product design expressed through shapes, colors, and materials and user interfaces of wearable fitness devices (Yang et al., 2016) and examines the effect of design aesthetics on ergonomic conceptions such as perceived usefulness and ease of use and an emotional factor, perceived enjoyment. In addition, this study focuses on the synergistic effect of design aesthetics of a smart application linked to a wearable fitness device which can motivate use of the device by providing the users more insightful information. The devices collect users’ physical activity data 24/7 and transfer the data to a smart application linked to them, either through wireless Bluetooth syncing or plugging the device into users’ smartphone or PC. Then, the application provides useful feedback by informing the users their goals, progress, and the results of activity. Visual attractiveness of a wearable device defined by Yang et al. (2016) included an aesthetic product design expressed through the wearable device as well as through mobile applications linked to the device. However, the function and presentation of a wearable device itself and a smart application linked to the device are different. Simply, the wearable device is a hardware and the smart application is a software. To fully understand the role of a wearable fitness device which is physically presented on users’ body and a smart application linked to the device which requires more information visualization, this study examines the effects of design aesthetics of a wearable fitness device and the smart application linked to the device separately on the model of wearable fitness device and service acceptance. Introduced by Davis (1989), the TAM provides a framework for understanding the likelihood that individuals will adopt a new technology. The TAM postulates that two key factors predict a technological acceptance: perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Defined as “the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her performance (Davis, 1989, p. 320)”, perceived usefulness describes the value users believe they could find in a wearable fitness device. Meanwhile, perceived ease of use is “the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort (Davis, 1989, p. 320).” According to the model, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use combined to develop behavioral intentions which in turn lead to the adoption of a technology (Davis, Warshaw, & Bagozzi, 1992, p. 660). Regarding IT products and services adoption, researchers consistently found the positive relationship between perceived usefulness and behavioral intention to adopt a new form of technology. Zaremohzzabieh et al. (2015) found a positive relationship between perceived usefulness and behavioral intention to adopt a new form of information communication technology. Lunney, Cunningham, and Eastin (2016) examined factors affecting the adoption of wearable fitness trackers found that perceived usefulness was the key factor that influenced attitude and use. Furthermore, perceived ease of use was a direct determinant of usage behavior. Researchers have agreed that perceived ease of use also a key determinant of intention to use technology (Bhattacheijee & Hikmet, 2008; Lunney et al., 2016; Tzou & Lu, 2009; van der Heijden, 2003). In addition to the original TAM model, researchers have enhanced the model by including a hedonic component of enjoyment in the adoption of IT products and services (Childers, Carr, & Carson, 2001; Cyr et al., 2006; Dabholkar & Bagozzi, 2002). Davis et al. (1992) included perceived enjoyment in TAM defining it as “the extent to which the activity of using the computer is perceived to be enjoyable in its own right, apart from any performance consequences that may be anticipated (p.1113).” Researchers found the positive relationship between perceived enjoyment and use of technology (Cyr et al., 2006; Teo, Lim, & Lai, 1999; van der Heijden, 2003).This study investigates the antecedents, moderator and consequences of wearable fitness device and service acceptance considering them as fashion technology. With empirical analysis, the results will provide interesting insights and suggestions. First, findings will show the effect of design aesthetics on ergonomic conceptions (i.e., perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use) and an emotional factor (i.e., perceived enjoyment). This indicates that IT products are not purely results of engineering advances but be recognized as an instance of fashion objects (Tzou & Lu, 2009). Second, this study focuses on the synergistic effect of design aesthetics of smart application linked to a wearable fitness device which can motivate use of the device by providing the users more insightful information. Findings in the analysis of the effect of design aesthetics of the application and its adoption will provide deeper understanding on users’ wearable fitness device adoption by indicating overall service jointly influences users’ behavior. This study will provide useful insights and evidences to sports marketing managers how consumers make choices, how manufacturers should design services as well as hardware parts in the future.

With the advances in digital and social media technologies, sportswear and athletic shoe brands have provided more technology-based services to their consumers (Do et al., 2015). Accordingly, the importance of direct-to-consumer (DTC) sales has been increased, especially DTC sales through social media and mobile technologies. In the case of Nike, the relative contribution of DTC sales has been increased over the last few years in comparison to the sales to wholesalers while sales to wholesalers are still the primary revenue source (Soni, 2014). Despite the increasing importance of DTC sales, Nike is lagging in the market in terms of the ratio of DTC revenue to total revenue as opposed to its competitors (Soni, 2014). In response, Nike has implemented various DTC initiatives using digital and social media to facilitate demand creation and maintain market dominance (Guard, 2013; Heitner, 2016; Soni, 2014). In an effort to increase the DTC revenues, Nike introduced the new Nike+ app in 2016; however, the new app has been not well received by the public due to some functionality and gamification issues (Welch, 2016). Given the importance of the mobile apps’ forefront role for any sports brand, it is critical to understand what influence the adoption and use of the brand apps in order to increase the user satisfaction level and adoption. Thus, the current study examined factors influencing consumers’ use of a sports brand app using the modified technology acceptance model (Davis et al., 1992; Ha et al., 2015; Kim et al., 2017). Data were collected from 261 Nike+ Run Club app users using convenience sampling method. Of 216 app users, 133 respondents (51%) were female 129 were male (49%). About 64.8% were between the ages of 20 and 39 years and 35.2% were aged over 40 years. All respondents had previous experience with the Nike+ app. The questionnaire included the scales that measure perceived enjoyment, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, intention to use, and actual usage frequency as well as personal information. Harman’s single factor test was conducted to examine a possibility of the common method variance (MacKenzie & Podsakoff, 2012). Data were primarily analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and multi-group analysis (PLS-MGA). PLS algorithm procedures were performed to examine the hypothesized relationships in the research model (Ringle et al., 2015). The level of enjoyment had a significant positive effect on perceived ease of use (beta = .58, t = 11.94) while perceived ease of use positively affected perceived usefulness (beta = .58, t = 9.81). Behavioral intention was significantly influenced by perceived enjoyment (beta = .45, t = 7.46), followed by perceived usefulness (beta = .32, t = 3.64), and perceived ease of use (beta = .16, t = 2.07). As expected, behavioral intention positively affected actual behavior (beta = .31, t = 5.90). PLS-MGA was conducted to explore the differences between three age groups; 20s (n = 78), 30s (n = 91) and over 40 (n = 92), in regard to the use of a sports brand app. The relationship between variables was stronger with younger age groups, except the relationship between perceived enjoyment and behavioral intention. The greater the age, the greater the influence of perceived enjoyment on behavioral intention. However, only the path from perceived ease of use to behavioral intention was significantly different between the 20s and above 40 groups. The present study provides evidence supporting the efficacy of the modified TAM for predicting behavioral intention and actual use in the context of a sports brand app. In general, results from the current study suggest that perceived enjoyment is a more powerful predictor than perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. In this regard, the concept of gamification should be tactically applied when developing and improving a sports brand app in order to create engaging experience with enjoyment (Hofacker et al., 2016; Zichermann & Cunningham, 2011). Also, given that perceived usefulness is greatly influenced by confirmation of expectations, the sports brand app provider should conduct a more thorough market research to understand what is expected by app users and ways to meet their expectations (Yoon & Rolland, 2015). In addition, the current study found some evidences of age-related differences in the adoption and use of a sports brand app (Ha et al., 2015). More detailed results and discussion will be presented at the conference.

This research examines how advertising message effectiveness differs depending on media types that provide fashion information among teenagers. Employing cloth consumption value and ‘fitness’ of fashion style, young people’s attitudes toward advertising and brand of fashion product were analyzed. Theoretical contribution and practical implication for fashion industry are discussed. Introduction Teenagers are an important consumer group in the clothing market, and the market size is expanding. They are more likely to absorb new information and respond to social influences, compared to other age groups. Thus, it is expected that teenagers are greatly influenced by the fashion information gained when making a purchase decision. In adolescence, the peer group is especially influential, as well as the media. Therefore, it is possible that their use of information source will differ from other groups. The most popular medium for Korean teenagers in recent years is social media. A Social Network Service (SNS) is a web-based service that allows individuals to build social relationships, providing a place for users to exchange information and opinions by providing a platform for communication (Boyd & Ellison, 2007). As development of mobile Internet technology, smart phone or tablet PC is commonly used in Korea and SNS becomes vital way for communication for young people. Most of teenagers are using SNS daily and exchanging their opinion each other. Recently, it attracts increasing attention for marketers to deliver advertising messages as a new marketing tool. Fashion companies widely employ SNS in their marketing activities to enhance brand images, retain customers (Cho & Park, 2012). SNS serves as a platform for “many-to-many” interactive communication, unlike traditional mass media for ‘one-to-many’ communication. Unlike traditional media, SNS has a wider influence on participants. Therefore, exactly the same message could be differently functioned by the advertising delivering system. This study seeks to look at how message effectiveness differs depending on the type of media that provides fashion information. As mentioned earlier, social media has distinct characteristics from the traditional mass media. Thus, even when it is the same advertising information, its impact on the consumer can vary when transmitted through the mass media and through social media. In addition, social media is a collection of various social platforms that share specific properties rather than a single media. Thus, depending on the type of social media, the same ad information can also be expected to elicit differing responses from consumers. In this study, female youth were studied as subjects of research. The survey method was utilized. This will allow us to explore the impact of various media on female youth's response on fashion advertisement. Understanding the sources of information important in youth will help develop effective clothing products marketing. The use of clothing sources varies depending on the group. Therefore, each vendor is expected to establish effective marketing methods through research on the use of the clothing information sources of the target audience. Theoretical Background Type of Media In this study, type of advertising media was mainly categorized as follows: Social Network Service (SNS) and mass media. More specifically, SNS was reassigned into three by characteristics of service such as network-type, share-type, and blog-type (Chung & Lee, 2015). Overall, four types of media were analyzed in this study and each service was represented by Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and magazine ad in the order named. Social Desirability and SNS Along the development of Internet based technology (IT), ways of advertising placement became diverse and moved focus on IT based service including SNS. Especially for young people, fashion industries are willing to catch their eyes on SNS. By the nature, young SNS users are eager to search, blog, and share what they have earned on SNS for various reasons. Sharing fashion information is very important for young female. Their expressions on SNS mean what they are; what I eat, wear and so on. A fellow feeling, so called ‘we-ness’, is extremely essential for Korean young people. Looking alike does not only share collectivistic spirits, but also makes feel not fall behind the trendy style. Using SNS is one of the best ways of confirming their fellow feeling and at the same time it reduces peer pressure. From the domain of fashion marketing, research on communication had been mostly focused on mass media, and research on SNS communication, sharing of consumption information among consumers had been insufficient (Jun & Park, 2013). Fashion companies are recently trying to utilize SNS as a new alternative to have efficient effects with little costs. The SNS communication effect plays a large role in the consumption of consumers and analyzes the influence of SNS on the responses of the customers. SNS has the characteristic in which recommendations of friends or reliable acquaintances based on trust are important (Jung & Cho, 2016). Fashion Information Source and Clothing Consumption Value Consumers’ choice of clothing is based on the information gained. Information provided by the media or other people's clothing is the main source of decision making. In this case, the media and the surrounding people will become sources of desirable fashion style. Earlier, Cox(1967) classified the type of information sources as marketer-driven sources, consumer-driven sources, and neutral sources. Several scholars classified information sources as personal and non-personal sources, and direct observations and experiences (Andreasen 1968, Sproles 1979). Park and Yoo(2000) classified consumers according to fashion lifestyles and analyzed the sources of information that each group utilized. Each group tended to use different types of fashion information sources. Fashion-following group and personality-oriented group utilized more media and personal information, such as print media and television, compared to pragmatism group and conformity group. Personality-oriented group tends to use more direct observation than other groups. Conformity group showed the least use of mass media, purchase experience, observation, and interpersonal information source. This result shows that the types and degree of information used varies depending on the consumer’s fashion lifestyle. Research has found that clothing consumption value is one of the major variables which affect consumer’s use of information source. Among several classifications of consumption values, Sheth’s model is the most utilized model in Korea fashion academia (Han and Kim, 2002). Sheth et al. (1991) classified consumption values into functional value, social value, emotional value, epistemic values, and conditional value. Han and Kim (2002) classified consumer groups into 4 groups utilizing Sheth’s classification: the Conspicuous, the Epistemic, the Social/Conformitive, and the Indifferent. There were significant different among the four groups in information search process. The Conspicuous and the Epistemic more tend to search carefully the clothes inside the store or in the show window than other groups. The two group members answered that they make a decision based on my own tastes than the other groups. Research Questions and Hypotheses Based on the earlier discussion, we propose following research question and hypotheses. Research Question 1: Would advertising message’s effect on young people’s attitudes toward advertising and brand of fashion product be different, depending on their consumption value of clothing? Hypothesis 1-1: Consumers in different consumption values groups will show different response to the same advertising message delivered through different channels. Specifically, social conformity group are more likely to show positive attitude toward advertising and brand presented on network-type SNS than advertising and brand presented on other platforms. Hypothesis 1-2: The Expressive is more likely to show positive attitude toward advertising and brand presented on magazine than other groups are. Research Question 2: Would advertising message’s effect on young people’s attitudes toward advertising and brand of fashion product be different, depending on their age group? Hypotheses 2-1: Young women will have better responses to SNS-based ads than magazine ads to older women. Research Question 3: Would advertising message’s effect on young people’s attitudes toward advertising and brand of fashion product be different, depending on their perception of ‘fitness’ of their desired fashion style? Hypotheses 3-1: When they perceive the presented style on the ad does not fit to their desired fashion style, network-type SNS is more likely to get positive attitude from the social conformity group than from the other groups. Methodology This present study aims to investigate the effects of advertising message by operating delivering system on consumers’ attitude toward fashion advertising and purchase intentions. This research employed a 4 (consumption value of clothing: expressive, practical, unique, social/conformity) X 4 (Advertising media type: network-type SNS, share-type SNS, blog-type SNS, and magazine) X 2 (fashion style fitness: fit/not fit) between subjects factorial design. The survey was conducted on 200 more young females, aged 16 to 24. Main Discussion Points This study aims to investigate how a fashion product ad works depending on the type of media on which the fashion advertising presents. To do this, authors will compare the advertising effectiveness among magazine ad, Facebook (Network type SNS), Instagram (Share type SNS), and Twitter(blog type SNS). First of all, we are going to examine how each advertising medium works depending on consumer’s consumption values, their age, and the perception of fitness of their desired fashion style. Based on the results, the theoretical contribution and practical implication will be discussed. This discussion will provide us deeper understanding on how fashion industry utilizes advertising media when female youth is a major target group

This study aimed to investigate potential acceptability of Korean jang products among Halal food consumer’s to predict its market possibility in a Halal food market. Focus Group Interview (FGI) was implemented to 11 Halal food consumers residing in Korea for more than 4 month. During the test, 3 types of fermented paste, doenjang, ssamjang and gochujang were evaluated by applying these to Korean foods. In depth interview was conducted on the liking of the jang applied samples, general experiences of Korean food and fermented food in their home countries. The results showed that consumers were positive to Korean jang applied samples in general. The mean liking ratings of doenjang, ssamjang and gochujang were 7.1, 7 and 7.6 on 9-point hedonic scale, respectively. Consumers focused on the sweet and spicy flavor quality of the samples. Consumers commonly responded that the doenjang tasted too salty and needed to increase sweet and spicy flavor, and ssamjang needed to increase spicy flavor as well. Sweetening was necessary for gochujang. The reasons of liking Korean jang were because the flavors were unique yet familiar. The balanced flavor of salty, sweet and spicy flavor were additional reasons of liking. However, the fermented smell of jang products were reasons of disliking the products.

Despite growing interest in Korean foods, South-east Asian consumers’ perception and acceptance of Korean foods have not been well elucidated. This study was conducted to understand South-east Asian Muslim consumers’ perception and acceptance of Korean foods and the association with their food neophobia level. Ninety-three Muslim consumers (mean ages 25.2, men 35.5%, women 64.5%) from Malaysia (72%), Indonesia (16.1%), and Singapore (11.9%) rated their degree of food neophobia as well as recognition and acceptance of representative Korean menu items. Background data such as duration of stay and Korean food consumption habits were collected. Overall, participants perceived Korean foods positively (4.04 on a 5-point hedonic scale). Most well-recognized Korean foods were gimbap and bulgogi, whereas less-known spicy foods such as ojingoe deopbap were most liked among items that were actually consumed. A neophobic group rated Korean foods less favorably than neutral and neophilic groups (p<0.05). Future studies are required to identify whether or not South-east Asian Muslim consumers’ food neophobia is formed under the influence of religious regulations or reflect individual consumers’ personal traits.

This study was conducted to identify sensory characteristics of soy-meat samples by trained panels and to observe the relationship between these sensory characteristics and consumer acceptability of the samples. Descriptive analysis was performed on eight samples; four types of patty style soy-meat samples (Soy-meat Patty; SP) made with a Ddukgalbi recipe (YSP, VSP, LSP, and SSP) and four types of Bulgogi style soy-meat samples (Soy-meat Bulgogi; SB) made with a Bulgogi recipe (YSB, VSB, LSB, and SSB). Seven panelists were trained, and they evaluated the appearance, odor/aroma, flavor/ taste, texture/mouth feel, and after taste attributes of these samples. Forty attributes were generated by panelists, and 37 attributes were significantly different across products (p<0.05). The SB group was characterized by beef, leek, and garlic flavor as well a sweetness, denseness, slipperiness, chewiness, and pepper after taste. The SP group was characterized by roughness, particle size, rancid oil flavor, raw bean flavor, astringent, sourness, and adhesiveness. Consumer test (n=125) showed that the VSB sample had the highest scores for acceptability of appearance, flavor, texture, and overall liking. The PLSR results show that the attributes that were more positively associated with acceptance of soy-meat samples were beef taste, wetness, and chewiness, whereas the raw bean smell and rancid oil flavor attributes were negative.

As a result of frequent occurrence of serious industrial accidents due to chemical substances, Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency has been implementing the PSM system (process safety management) since 1996, and the target sites are required to submit process safety reports. In the semiconductor business, which is becoming smaller and more integrated as the technology advances, many of these hazardous chemicals are used. Most of the semiconductor sites are PSM target sites, and many devices are included in the PSM target equipment. This study optimizes the introduction and setup process of new equipments in the semiconductor workplace using harmful hazardous materials, and conducted an empirical study on the improvement of the safety risk, focusing on the S group semiconductor business, and applied the common standard of work under the PSM system This is an example of improving the risk of leakage of toxic gas components and waste of rework by arranging functions and risks in the space centering method

The architectural influence from the Yuan had impact on the Goryeo Dynasty in earnest during Yuan intervention period in the 14th century. The representative examples which were influenced by the Yuan architecture are the Eungjinjeon in Seongbulsa(成佛寺) temple, the ten-story stone pagoda of Gyeoncheonsa(敬天寺) temple site, the Bogwangjeon in Simwonsa(心源寺) temple, the Hoeamsa(檜巖寺) temple and so on. Notwithstanding the changes of relationship between two countries, it can be comprehended that there was a selective acceptance of the Yuan architectural peculiarities in Goryeo Dynasty. It means that the adoption of foreign culture in Korea has not been inevitable from the unilateral demand, but been autonomous by perceiving as the advanced culture. This tendency was maintained even though the government had been changed.

PURPOSES : Permitted left turn is a turning maneuver in which a vehicle turns left using a gap between oncoming vehicles, called gap acceptance, and it enables for more efficient traffic operation at intersections. In Korea, the permitted left turn has not been a common maneuver at signalized or un-signalized intersections. However, many experts and the Police Agency tried to apply this effective turning maneuver at intersections in Korea since 2010. Though the investigation of gap acceptance is significantly important in understanding a driver’s behavior at intersections, there have not been many studies about this topic, specifically a study to develop probability models of gap acceptance behavior. METHODS: In this study, the probability model of gap acceptance behavior for a permitted left turn was developed based on observational field studies. To develop the model, seven variables were analyzed including gap, waiting time, traffic volume, conflict-flow vehicle type, leftturning vehicle type, the number of lane, and time. RESULTS: In the final model, gap and left-turning vehicle type were found to be significant influencing factors. CONCLUSIONS: Through this model development, it was concluded that as the gap size increased, the probability of gap acceptance was higher. Moreover, when a left-turning vehicle was a passenger car, the probability of gap acceptance was higher than compared to large size buses or freight cars.

Despite consumers' growing support to preserve the environment, organic products business in emerging country such as Indonesia is still suffered from consumer’s low acceptance toward organic food. It is conceivable that some influencing factors are existed; as such consumers’ attitude cannot be translated into action. Through mixed methodology research, this study proposes an approach to integrate individual factors, which encompasses psychographic and demographic factors, into Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to predict consumer acceptance toward organic food. Then, using Partial Least Square analysis, this study generates an extending TAM that could explain the role of those individual factors toward consumers’ acceptance on organic food.

The expertise, trustworthiness and attractiveness of the information source all positively influence information recipients’ eWOM (Electronic Word-of-Mouth), acceptance of CSR messages, as well as their attitudes to the company.