본 연구는 장수풍뎅이(Allomyrina dichotoma) 유충을 가수분해한 후 발생한 가수분해물 시료의 항비만 효능에 관한 결과이다. 먼저 3T3-L1 세포에 대한 시료의 독성을 테스트하였다. 시료 F10, P10, P30은 세포에 62.5ug/ml 처리 시 세포 생존율은 ~87.5% 정도로 나타났으며 F30의 경우 세포가 모두 건강하게 성장하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 다음으로 지질합성 관여 단백질인 SREBP-1과 FAS에 대한 발현 억제 실험을 진행하였다. 시료 F10과 F30을 처리 하였을 때 SREBP-1과 FAS의 발현을 가장 잘 억제한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 3T3-L1 지방세포 분화 과정을 Oil Red O staining 방법으로 염색 후 관찰을 진행하였다. 컨트롤과 비교하여 시료 F10, F30, P10과 P30을 처리한 지방 세포들은 모두 세포 분화 억제가 관찰되었으며 특히, 시료 F10에서 지방세포 분화 억제가 활발히 발생한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 위 결과를 종합해 보면, 시료 F10과 F30을 혼합하여 사용한다면 반려동물에 대하여 효과 있는 항비만 사료를 개발할 수 있으리라 판단된다.

This study investigated the substitution effect of phosphate and isolated soybean powder (ISP) by Allomyrina dichotoma larvae powder (AP) in emulsion sausage. The sausages were prepared for five treatments: 1) positive control (PC): sausages manufactured with sodium pyrophosphate (0.3%) and ISP (1%); 2) negative control (NC): sausages manufactured without sodium pyrophosphate, and ISP; 3) phosphate replacement (PR): sausages manufactured with ISP and AP (1%); 4) ISP replacement (IR): sausages manufactured with sodium pyrophosphate and AP; 5) phosphate and ISP replacement (PIR): sausages manufactured with AP. The 1% AP extract showed DPPH radical scavenging (45.65±2.468%) and metal chelating (22.46±3.559%) activity. The high pH value of AP (8.03) increased the pH of the meat batter of PR, IR, and PIR (p<0.05), but there was no inhibitory effect on cooking loss. Cooking loss of IR was not significantly different with PC due to phosphate. The addition of AP decreased the L* and a* values and increased the b* values, and decreased hardness, chewiness, and springiness of PR, IR, and PIR (p<0.05). AP did not inhibit lipid oxidation in sausages, in contrast to phosphate. In sensory evaluation, the addition of AP resulted in low scores for all sensory parameters of the sausages, although most panels had normal or positive awareness (p<0.05). Aroma was more influential on samples than color. Overall, AP did not replace phosphate and ISP in the sausages. Therefore, processes such as eliminating unique aroma and color and increasing solubility through particle size control are necessary to use AP as a protein source.

대표적인 산업곤충에는 장수풍뎅이(Allomyrina dichotoma), 흰점박이꽃무지(Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis), 쌍별귀뚜 라미(Gryllus bimaculatus), 갈색거저리(Tenebrio molitor) 등이 있으며 식용, 약용, 학습애완용 등 다양한 용도로 이용되고 있다. 곤충 산업의 발달로 인한 산업곤충의 집단사육은 곤충을 시간적 제약 없이 대량으로 공급할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 그러나 밀폐된 공간에서 대량사육은 질병 발생 시 집단 감염 확률이 높고 결국 농가의 소득감소로 이어진다. 산업곤충 유충에서 주로 발생하는 곰팡이병과 세균병, 바이러스병은 유충의 성장을 방해하며 유충이 죽을 때 까지 감염 여부를 알기 어렵다. 따라서 이 연구는 곤충 질병 발생 조기 진단방법 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 장수풍뎅이를 대상으로 질병 감염이 의심되는 유충과, 감염되지 않은 건강충의 장내 미생물 군집에 차이가 나타나는지 비교하였다. 병사충과 건강충의 장내 미생물 군집 구조 차이 구명을 통해 병원성 미생물 감염여부를 조기에 진단하고, 질병의 대량 발생을 예방 할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

The purpose of this study was to determine the safe and effective method for preventing the occurrence of Oryctes rhinoceros Nudivirus in Allomyrina dichotoma on agricultural farms. There is a high demand for the use of A. dichotoma larvae in animal feed and as pet for educational purpose. Recently, we reported that OrNV is fatal virus diagnosed in A. dichotoma larvae in local farms in Korea. Mulberry leaves contain 1-deoxynojirimycin that represented anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, and anti-tumor effects. To prevent OrNV, we have fed the sawdust combined with 1% and 5% mulberry leaves powder to OrNV infected 2nd and 3rd stage larvae of A. dichotoma, and identified the mortality rate(%) during ten weeks. As a results, the 2nd stage larvae which were fed the sawdust combined with 5% mulberry leaves treatment recorded 60% mortality rate after ten weeks compared to the 100% mortality rate in the control. And the fatality rate of 3rd stage larvae which were fed 5% mulberry leaves treatment decreased 70% compared to the control. Therefore, application sawdust combined with mulberry leaves might be effective in the prevention and control of OrNV disease in A. dichotoma. Additionally, in the ten insect breading farms application test, OrNV virus disease have not appeared in the mulberry leaf powder treatment group.

Korean horn beetles, Allomyrina dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1771) reared in many local farms are suffering from a fatal viral disease as reported in 2015, and recent sequencing analysis revealed that the virus is very closely related to Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus. In a nationwide investigation, it was concluded that the virus can transmit vertically from an infected adult to the offspring by indirect manner, and 70 to 77% of young larvae dead in early stage were diagnosed as this virus positive. Here, we report for the establishment of on-site diagnosis method for the viral disease using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. A. dichotoma larvae were assayed for the OrNV infectivity with LAMP primers targeting OrNV_gp102 gene. To evaluate the LAMP specificity, two bacterial pathogens, Bacillus thuringiensis and Serratia marcescens, causing disease in A. dichotoma were tested along with OrNV. Only from the OrNV-infected larvae the reaction resulted positive. Also, to avoid DNA extraction process, the LAMP assay used diluted hemolymph directly and 50-fold dilution was set for diagnosis standardization and convenient on-site application for infected larvae from local farms. The LAMP diagnosis is fast and convenient for nontechnical user in the field and expected to stop this foreign virus spread all over the country.

Allomyrina dichotoma (order Coleoptera, family Scarabaeidae) is used for development of pharmaceuticals, pet or educational purposes and animal feedstuffs. The disease occurrence and distribution of Oryctes rhinoceros Nudivirus were investigated in Allomyrina dichotoma in Korea using PCR and analyzed the DNA seqeunces using BLAST(Basic Local Alignment Search Tool). The virus infected larvae were collected from 10 insect rearing farms in five different regions (Gyounggi, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Jeonnam, Daejeon). Frequency of OrNV virus infection appeared differently depending on the regions or rearing facilities (open field, vinyl house, indoor breeding system and etc.). The collected samples of Allomyrina dichotoma raised on open fields showed the highest possibilities of OrNV virus infection. The OrNV average infection rate of open fields rearing systems was 50.0%.

The Korean rhinoceros beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), has been traditionally used for the treatment of liverrelated diseases. Recently A. dichotoma was registered as a food ingredient in Korea. Given the increasing interest in this beetle, studies on the development of safe and nutritious feed sources for its commercial production are needed. In this study, we compared the effects of by-products on the growth of third instar larvae of A. dichotoma. An abundance of food by-products have been found to serve as an alternative energy source in animal feeds with the reduced cost. We fed third instar A. dichotoma larvae feeds consisting of fermented sawdust with nine different combinations of citrus peel, soybean curd cake, soybean oil meal, and brewers’ dried grain, and measured their effects on growth until the larvae pupated. The highest survival rate was in feed supplemented with 10% of brewers’ dried grain (66.7%). Especially, larvae fed on 10% of brewers’ dried grain were 26% heavier than the control (with no supplement). For the group of 10% brewers’ dried grain, the larval period of third instar was shortened by almost 28 days compared to the control group. Of the experimental and control groups, only the group of 10% brewers’ dried grain showed more than 90% of pupation rate. Therefore, brewers’ dried grain may be sufficiently useful as a source of feed for A. dichotoma.

최근 강원도에서 생산되기 시작하는 잎새버섯의 수확후배지를 활용하여 산업곤충의 한 종인 장수풍뎅이의 사육가 능성을 알아보고 장수풍뎅이 사육농가의 유충먹이 구입 시 경제적 비용절감 및 버섯재배농가의 부산물활용에 따른 신 소득을 창출하고자 시험을 추진하였다. 잎새버섯 배지는 참나무 85%와 밀기울 15%의 조성으로 이루어져 장수풍뎅이의 사육에는 무리가 없어 보였으며, 실제 유충 2령충을 4개월 사육한 결과 개체중이 21.6g으로 대조배지(참 나무발효톱밥) 개체중 20.2g보다 양호하였으며 폐사율도 낮게 나타났다. 유충의 가능한 사육밀도를 알아보기 위해 일반적으로 제시하는 밀도(75마리/60L)를 기준으로 0.5, 1.5배의 밀도를 사육한 결과 60L용기에 100마리 정도 사육이 가능하였다. 성충의 암수비율에 따른 산란시험에서는 암수비율 동일조건에서 산란수가 많았으며 잎새버섯 수확후배 지에서보다는 참나무 발효톱밥에서 산란이 양호하였다. 또한 산란효과를 높이기 위해 시판젤리에 여러 가지 첨가제를 넣어 시험한 결과 흑설탕을 첨가한 먹이조건에서 산란이 좀 더 양호한 것으로 나타났다.

Insects have been proposed as an alternative protein source that may contribute to global demands for food protein. As rising interest in edible insects, it is needed to develop the rearing techniques and nutritious feed sources for mass production. Diet mixing is believed to be advantageous for performance-related factors of edible insects such as survival and growth. In the current study, the effects of diet mixtures with wheat bran, dog feed, and pig feed were investigated on the growth performance of edible chafers, Protaetia brevitarsis and Allomyrina dichotoma. When fermented sawdust with adding 30% wheat bran was fed, larval survival rate and growth rate of both insects were significantly lower than those of the control. Fermented sawdust with high density of wheat bran was inappropriate for these insects. On the other hand, when fed with 2.5% dog feed and 2.5% pig feed, the survival rate and growth rate of the larvae were higher than those of the control. In addition, the larval period of both was shorter than that of the control by 40 days or more. Therefore, it was considered that animal feeds can be used as feed sources for those edible insects.

The exosomes are the most studied nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles (40-100 nm) in eukaryotic cell. Exosomeharbors various molecular components of their cell origin, including nucleic acids and proteins, and it is involved in intraand intercellular communication. These characteristics make exosomes to be a prospective biomarkers, therapeutic agents,or drug delivery vehicles. Edible insect industry is rapidly growing up in Korea. The insect exosomes were isolated fromthe larvae of Korean rhinoceros beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma, and White-spotted flower chafer, Protaetia brevitarsis, sothat they can be used for diagnosis of insect disease. The stable preservation of exosome is very important for diagnosisand research, especially for long term storage. Here, the stable recovery of exosome isolated from hemolymph of A. dichotomalarva was evaluated by analyzing exosomal protein and RNA after storage in -70°C for three months.