This study was performed to investigate the effects of Needle Electrode Electrical Stimulation(NEES) on ischemia-induced cere˗ brovascular accidents. After obstruction and reperfusion of arteries in white mice, the amounts of necrosis and inflammation related sub˗ stances Bax, IL-6, Caspase-3, and COX-2 were measured in neurons of the fore-brain. The following results were obtained. This study used 21 male specific pathogen free(SPF) SD rats, 8 weeks of age and approximately 300g in weight. Each exposed artery was completely occluded with non-absorbent suture thread and kept in that state for 5 minutes. The sutures were then removed to allow reperfusion of blood. Test group is control group(common carotid artery occlusion models), a GI(underwent common carotid artery occlusion), and NEES(underwent NEES after artery occlusion). The GI and NEES groups were given 12, 24, or 48 hours of reperfusion before NEES. NEES device(PG6, ITO, Japan, 9V, current, 2Hz) was used to stimulate the bilateral acupoint ST36 of the SD rats for 30 minutes while they were sedated with 3% isoflurane. An immuno-his˗ tochemistry test was done on the forebrains of the GI induced rats. Both Bax and Caspase-3 immuno-reactive cells, related to apoptosis, were greater in the GI than the NEES group. Cox-2 and IL-6 immuno-reactive cells, related to inflammation, were greater in the GI and NEES groups than the control group. We can expect that applying NEES after ischemic CVA is effective for preventing brain cells from being destroyed. And we can conclude NEES should be applyed on early stage of ischemic CVA.

The purpose of this research to fing out the efficient guiding device during teaching based on the datum what were calculated kinematic and kinetic variable about the blocking in volleyball between expert and begginer in boy's middle school. six expert, s

Simple and high efficiency green phosphorescent devices using an intermixed double host of 4, 4', 4"-tris(N-carbazolyl) triphenylamine [TCTA], 1, 3, 5-tris (N-phenylbenzimiazole-2-yl) benzene [TPBI], phosphorescent dye of tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) [Ir(ppy)3], and selective doping in the TPBI region were fabricated, and their electro luminescent characteristics were evaluated. In the device fabrication, layers of 70Å-TCTA/90Å-TCTA[0.5TPBI0.5/90Å-TPBI doped with Ir(ppy)3 of 8% and an undoped layer of 50Å-TPBI were successively deposited to form an emission region, and SFC137 [proprietary electron transporting material] with three different thicknesses of 300Å, 500Å, and 700Å were used as an electron transport layer. The device with 500Å-SFC137 showed the luminance of 48,300 cd/m2 at an applied voltage of 10 V, and a maximum current efficiency of 57 cd/A under a luminance of 230 cd/m2. The peak wavelength in the electroluminescent spectral and color coordinates on the Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage [CIE] chart were 512 nm and (0.31, 0.62), respectively.

The interdecadal variation of wintertime blocking frequency over the Siberia (60˚E-140˚E) is examined using the ECMWF/NCEP-NCAR re-analysis data for the period 1958-2006. The wintertime blocking frequency over the Siberia significantly decreased for the period 1986-2006, compared to the period 1958-1985, which is mainly due to the anomalous circulation of 500-hPa geopotential height field. During the period 1986-2006, there was enhancement in both the anomalous cyclonic flow over the western Siberia and the anomalous anticyclonic flow over the east Asia. These anomalous circulation patterns, which might be associated with changes in surface temperatures over the Asian continent, are suspected to playa possibly important role as an obstacle to the formation of blocking flow over the Siberia.

Although a number of molecules have been implicated in the metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) , the precise molecular mechanisms that deterrnine the direction of rnigration and invasiveness of OSCC cells into the lymph nodes remain unclear, Chemokines are a superfarnily of small structurally related heparin- binding proteins‘ which have been identified as attractants that control the rnigration of leukocytes‘ especia lly during imrnune and inflammatory reactlOns Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that several types 。f cancer express chemokine receptor‘s and use chemokines to metastasize to the target organ, However, there h ave been few reports on biological behaviors by downregulation 0 1' CXCR-4 in ora l cancel‘ cells We tried to screen several OSCC cell lines in order to obtain a suitable cell line model which had the cha ract eris tic of the constitutive ly expressed state of CXCR• 4 Of the several OSCC cell lines, only KOSCC-25B showed the high expression of CXCR-4 in both RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, siRNA-CXCR-4 infected subclones of KOSCC-25B(Si, 3‘ Si 1이 showed downregulation of CXCR-4 expression as expected‘ At serum-free co ndi tion‘ Si.3 s ubclone s ignif icantly decreased cell proliferations at 24 h and 48h and Si, lO subclone significant ly dec reased cell proliferations at 24 h Si ,3 clone dec reased to 67 ,4% and Si,lO clone to 65 ,5% in comparison to vector infected cells These data suggest that the downregulation of CXCR-4 expression could induce anti-rnigratory and ant i- rni g ratory effect

개정저작권법은 특수한 유형의 온라인서비스제공자(OSP)에게“저작물의 불법적인 전송을 차단하는 기술적인 조치”(“전송차단 기술조치")를 취할 의무를 부과하였다. 하지만, “전송차단 기술조치”의 의미와 범위는 법률 규정만으로는 불분명하다. 입법자료에 의하면, “전송차단 기술조치”는 불법저작물의 필터링을 의미하는 것으로 해석된다. 저작물의 필터링을 위해서는 불법 저작물을 인지하는 기술이 필수적이므로, 불법 저작물 인지 기술의 범위가 오히려 쟁점이 될 수 있다. 저작물 인지기술은 크게“저작물 추적기술”과“특징기반 콘텐츠 인식기술”로 구분된다. “저작물 추적기술”은 디지털콘텐츠에 인간의 지각으로 인식할 수 없는 특정한 부호를 삽입하여 저작물을 인식하는 기술이다. “특징기반 콘텐츠 인식기술”은 개별 디지털콘텐츠의 고유한 특징을 추출하여, 이 고유한 특징에 의해 콘텐츠를 인식하는 기술이다. 정부는 OSP에게 제목과 저작물추적기술에 의한 저작물인식 기술과 함께“특징기반 인식기술”도“전송차단 기술조치”의 범위에 포함시키려 한다. 하지만“특징기반 인식기술”은 아직 불완전한 기술이며, OSP에게 과도한 부담을 줄 수 있으므로, 법률로 강제하는 것은 타당하지 않다. 따라서“전송차단 기술조치”는 제목 및 저작물에 삽입된 숫자나 부호에 의해 인지할 수 있는 기술과 그 인지기술에 의해 확인된 불법저작물의 전송을 차단하는 기술로 한정하는 것이 타당하다.

  We analyze a voice/data integrated traffic model of the cellular mobile communication system with hybrid guard channels for voice and handoff calls. In a multi-service integrated wireless environment, quality of service guarantee is crucial for smooth t

The silica nanoparticles were used as support of catalyst, filling material, electronic assembler, thin film material, and sensor material. And, the titania nanoparticles were used as pigment, dielectric substance, sensor and photocatalyst. In this paper, the spherical composite particles of TiO2/SiO2with narrow size distribution and phase pure were synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method from TiOSO4 and colloidal silica solution. Using ultrasonic apparatus, this starting solution was vaporized to droplets, and these droplets were induced into tube furnace by carrier gas. The resulting composite powder was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, TG-DTA, in vitro sun protection factor(SPF) and BET surface area analysis.

Alterations in cell surface receptors and adhesion molecules which regulate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions have been 뻐plicated in tumor processes. In order to investigate the effect of integrin expression on the invasiveness of oral sqllamous cell carcinoma, integ띠1 expression in the celllines such as SCC-4, SCC-9, SCC-15, and SCC-25 was analyzed, and the comparison between cell adhesion assay towards extracellular matrix proteins and in vitro invasion assay following inhibition of the functional domain of the integrins using blocking antibodies against the specific integrins 낀 nd Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide were carried out. The expression of integrin a 2, a 3, a 6 was detected in all oral squamous cell carcinoma celllines. In contrast, the expression of a vß6 integrin is detected in SCC-4 and SCC-9, not in SCC-1 5 and SCC-25. 까1e adhesion of SCC-4 cell line to collagen 1, laminin, and fibronectin was significantly reducecl by σeatment with a 3-, a 6-, and a vß6-blocking antibody, respectively (p (0.05). 꺼.1e invasion of SCC-4 cell line throllgh Matrigel was significantly reduced by treatment with v 6-blocking antibody and RGD pepticle (p(0.05). These results sllggested that specifìc integrins play an in1portant role in the process of adhesion and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and the expression of a vß6 integrin is believed to the enhance its invasivene잃.

The tfTZ(4,4',4"-trifluoro-triazine) was used as a hole blocking material for the electroluminescent devices(ELDs) in this study. In general, the holes are outnumbered the electrons in hole transport and emitting layers because the hole transport is more efficient in most organic ELDs. The hole blocking layer are expected to control the excess holes to increase the recombination of holes and electrons and to decrease current density. The former study using the 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine(TTA) as hole blocking layer showed that the TTA did not form stable films with vapor deposition technique. The tfTZ can generate stable evaporated films, moreover the fluorine group can lower the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) level, which produces the energy barrier for the holes. The tfTZ has high electron affinities according to the data by the Cyclic-Voltammety(CV) method, which is developed for the measurement of HOMO and lowest occupied molecular orbital(LUMO) level of organic thin films. The lowered HOMO level is made the tfTZ to be applied for a hole blocking layer in ELDs. We fabricated multilayer ELDs with a structure of ITO/hole blocking layer(HBL)/hole transporting layer(HTL)/emitting layer/electrode. The hole blocking properties of this devices is confirmed from the lowered current density values compared with that without hole blocking layer.

The ultraviolet blocking agents used to skincare are largely classified ultraviolet scattering agent and ultraviolet absorbent agents. There are UVC, UVB, and UBA in ultraviolet ray(UV) showing shorter wavelength than visible light. Both visible light and UVA give rise to 1st dark-skinned phenomena. On exposure of the skin to UV, phenomena of skin variation are termed sunburn or suntan. There are chronic and acute adverse reactions in skin response to UV. The latter is caused by UVB, which has mainly effects on the skin. But lately due to destruction of ozone layer, UVA has more serious irritation on the skin than UVB. In this paper spectrometric properties of UV absorbent agents such as PABA, octyl-PABA, Urocanic acid, and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone in vitro have been investigate. As results, it was found that the three fomer were more suitable than the last. UV scattering measurements on the sample used inorganic pigments showed that pigments containing titanium dioxide had a better scattering effects than the inorganic pigments such as Fe2O3, Al2O3, etc.

본 연구의 목적은 고등학교 남자 배구선수들을 대상으로 배구 블로킹 동작을 3차원 영상분석 및 지면반력 데이터를 이용하여 발목관절, 무릎관절, 고관절에 대한 관절모멘트를 분석함으로써 일반학생 및 학생선수들의 블로킹 동작에 대한 이해와 기술 향상을 위한 객관적인 자료를 제시하는데 있다. 연구대상은 남자 고등학교 배구선수 3명으로 하였으며 3차원 영상분석 데이터와 지면 반력 값을 이용하여 배구 블로킹 동작에 대한 하지관절모멘트를 산출하고 분석한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 발목관절은 양발이 지면에서 떨어지는 시점에 좌우축을 기준으로 발바닥이 하퇴로부터 멀어지면서 발생하는 족저굴곡 모멘트 값을, 전후축을 기준으로 발바닥을 바깥쪽으로 돌리면서 발생하는 외번 모멘트 값을, 수직축을 기준으로 몸의 중심에서 바깥쪽으로 회전하는 외측회전 모멘트 값을 보였다. 둘째, 무릎관절은 양발이 지면에서 떨어지는 시점에 좌우축을 기준으로 무릎관절의 각이 커지면서 발생하는 신전 모멘트 값을, 인체의 중심으로부터 멀어지면서 발생하는 외전 모멘트 값을, 몸의 바깥쪽으로 회전하면서 발생하는 외측회전 모멘트 값을 보였다. 셋째, 고관절은 양발이 지면에서 떨어지는 시점에 좌우축을 기준으로 고관절의 각도가 작아지면서 발생하는 굴곡 모멘트 값을, 전후축을 기준으로 인체의 중심으로부터 멀어지면서 발생하는 외전 모멘트 값을, 수직축을 기준으로 인체 중심선 쪽으로 회전하는 내측회전 모멘트 값을 보였다.

Background : Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. meyer) is a medicinal herb which has been used for prevention and treatment of diseases in Korea, China and Japan for a long time. Ginseng is well known to have effects such as immunity enhancement, anticancer, antioxidative effect and blood circulation improvement. These pharmacological effects of ginseng have been reported to be due to various ginsenoside components. Recently, many studies have been actively conducted to identify the major components and functionalities of ginseng berry. Ginsenoside, a representative active ingredient of ginseng, is distributed in various parts of ginseng. However, contents of certain ingredient such as ginsenoside Re which have antidiabetic effect is higher in ginseng berry. This study was conducted to compare ginsenoside content and UV blocking effect according to the color of ginseng berry. Methods and Results : The ginseng berry extracts for the component analysis and UV-blocking effect test were obtained by harvesting the ginseng berry by color in 4-years-old ginseng cultivated, and then removing the seeds and extracting only the flesh of the ginseng berry and the peel with methanol. Ginsenosides analysis was carried out by dissolving 100 ㎎ of the extract in 2 ㎖ of methanol, filtering it with a 0.50 ㎛ filter and using it as a sample for HPLC analysis. Analysis of ginsenoside content showed that the total ginsenoside and ginsenoside Rb2 content of yellow ginseng berry were 23.9 and 2.9 ㎎/g, while those of red berry was 19.6 and 2.3 ㎎/g, respectively. The UV blocking effect of yellow ginseng berry was 17.4%, which was higher than that of red berry. Conclusion : The ginsenoside content and UV blocking effect of yellow ginseng berry were superior to those of red berry. These results suggested that yellow berry is more useful as cosmetic material for UV protection.

블루라이트는 가시광선영역의 파장 중 가장 에너지가 높은 파장으로 피부노화 유발 및 활성산소를 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 피부의 유해 기작에 관한 연구가 진행 중이다. 화장품 분야에서의 블루라이트 차단 소재 연구 및 관련 제형연구는 아직 초기 단계에 있으며, 블루라이트 차단 측정과 관련된 시험법 또한 명확하게 정립되어 있지 않다. 블루라이트 차단 효능 평가 시험법은 해외 자외선 차단제의 차단효과 평가 방법을 참고하여 확립하였다. 국내에 고시되어 있는 자외선 차단제 원료 27종 중 17종에 대하여 블루라이트 차단효과를 평가하였으며, 블루라이트 차단 효과는 징크옥사이드가 14.97%, 비스에칠헥실옥시페놀메톡시페닐트리아진이 16.32%, 메칠렌비스-벤조트리아졸릴테트라메칠부틸페놀이 35.47%, 티타늄디옥사이드가 65.96% 순으로 나타났다. 또 한 동일 함량의 티타늄디옥사이드의 입자크기에 따른 블루라이트 차단효과를 확인한 결과 Nano-티타늄디옥사이드 보다 Micro-티타늄디옥사이드가 두 배 이상의 차단효과가 높게 나타냈다. 제시된 블루라이트 차단효과 평가 시험법은 블루라이트 차단 소재 탐색 및 화장품 제형 연구에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Purine metabolism is known factor for nuclear maturation of oocytes through both follicle cells and oocyte itself. However, it is largely unknown the roles of purine metabolism in the oocyte competence for fertilization and early development. In this study, the effects of adenosine in oocyte competence for development were examined using adenosine and its synthetic inhibitors. Adenosine treatment from GV intact stage for 18 hr (fGV) caused of decrease the fertilization rate but of increase the cleavage rate compared from the other stage treatment groups. Hadacidin did not effect on fertilization rate but increased cleavage rate without stage specificity. Adenosine did not block the effects of hadacidin with the exception of fGV group. By the inhibition of purine synthetic pathways the fertilization rate was decreased in the fGV and fGVB groups but increased in the fMII group. Exogenous adenosine caused of decrease fertilization rate in the fGVB group but increase in the fMII group. Cleavage rate was dramatically increased in the adenosine treatment with synthetic inhibitors. It means that the metabolism of purine has stage specific effects on fertilization and cleavage. Exogenous adenosine had only can improve oocyte developmental competence when it treated at GV intact stage. On the other hand, endogenous synthesis in all maturation stage caused of increase the cleavage rate without effects on fertilization. These data suggest that adenosine at GV stage as a paracrine fashion and inhibitions of endogenous adenosine in all stage improve oocyte developmental competence..

개인정보가 대량으로 유출되는 사고가 최근 몇 년에 걸쳐 지속적으로 발생하고 있다. 이렇게 외부로 유출된 대량의 개인정보는 명의도용 및 계정도용에 불법적으로 사용되고 있다. 특히 온 라인 게임머니·게임아이템 등의 가상의 재화를 현금으로 거래할 수 있는 온라인 게임서비스에 서 다수 발생하고 있다. 온라인 게임에서 발생하고 있는 도용 사례를 분석해 보면 몇 가지 특 징을 확인 할 수 있는데, 요약해 보면 짧은 시간에 대량으로 발생한다는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 온라인 게임에서 발생하고 있는 도용 공격 사례를 통해 대량의 자동화된 계정 도용 공격의 특 징을 정의하고 실시간으로 대응할 수 있는 탐지 및 차단 방안을 제안 하였다.

This study targets the development of technologies of reclaimed noise blocking engineering to improve endurance which may unify noise-blocking construction against noise and vibration and earthquake-preventive construction during rebuilding. This paper is to find the validity of construction methodology with RC beam additional materials to apply to slab and walls.

본 연구에서는 개인 컴퓨터의 플래시 메모리가 충분하지 않을 경우 대용량의 플래시 메모리를 필요로 하는 구조해석을 컴퓨터 프로그램으로 수행하는 방법론을 연구하였다. 이러한 문제점의 해결방안으로 강성행렬의 블록화기법 -강성행렬이 몇 개의 블록으로 나뉘고 각각의 블록에 대하여 행렬분해가 수행되는 방법- 을 제안하였으며 제안된 방법론을 바탕으로 컴퓨터 프로그래밍이 가능한 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 끝으로, 본 연구를 바탕으로 구조해석 프로그램을 개발하였으며 몇 가지 기초적인 구조해석 예제를 통하여 개발 알고리즘의 정합성 및 효율성을 확인할 수 있었다.