PURPOSES : This study aims to perform a quantitative analysis of Forward Collision Warning and crash frequency using heavy vehicle driving data collected in expressway driving environments, and to classify the driving environments where Forward Collision Warnings of heavy vehicles occur for accident-prone areas and analyze their occurrence characteristics. METHODS : A bivariate Gaussian mixture model based on inter-vehicle distance gap and speed-acceleration parameters is used to classify the environment in which Forward Collision Warning occurs for heavy vehicles driving on expressways. For this analysis, Probe Vehicle Data of 80 large trucks collected by C-ITS devices of Korea Expressway Corporation from May to June 2022. Combined with accident information from the past five years, a detailed analysis of the classified driving environments is conducted. RESULTS : The results of the clustering analysis categorizes Forward Collision Warning environments into three groups: Group I (highdensity, high-speed), Group II (high-density, low-speed), and Group III (low-density, high-speed). It reveals a positive correlation between Forward Collision Warning frequency and accident rates at these points, with Group I prevailing. Road characteristics at sites with different accident incidences showed that on-ramps and toll gates had high occurrences of both accidents and warnings. Furthermore, acceleration deviation at high-accident sites was significant across all groups, with variable speed deviations noted for each warning group. CONCLUSIONS : The Forward Collision Warning of heavy vehicles on expressways is classified into three types depending on the driving environment, and the results of these environmental classifications can be used as a basis for building a road environment that reduces the risk of crashes for heavy vehicles.

도로 교통에서는 차세대 지능형 교통시스템(C-ITS)의 핵심 기술인 차량용 무선통신기술(WAVE)을 활용하여 교통사고 예방을 위한 차량과 차량, 차량과 인프라간 교통상황 등 정보를 전달하고 있다. 현재 해상에서는 상대선박의 상태 등의 정보를 전달하는 수단으로 AIS를 많이 활용하고 있으나 AIS 과부하 등 문제점이 대두되고 있어 차량용 무선통신기술을 해상에 적용하는 등 이를 해결하기 위한 다양한 연구들이 수행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구를 통해 검증된 차량용 무선통신기술(WAVE)의 해상적용을 바탕으로 소형 선박에 적합한 선박 충돌경보시스템을 개발하였고 실선 TEST를 통해 충돌경보시스템의 적정성을 검토하였다. 차량용 무선통신기술을 활용한 시스템의 적용을 통해 해양사고 예방뿐만 아니라 e-Navigation이나 자율운항 선박 등 차세대 해양안전기술의 발전에 많은 기여를 할 것으로 예상이 된다.

2013년도 기준 수도권 교통사고는 92,329건으로 전국 215,354건의 43%를 차지하고 있다. 그중 경기도 만 확인하더라도 20.4%로 전국에서 가장 높은 사고건수를 보여주고 있다. 높은 교통사고 인한 수도권 교 통혼잡비용이 전국대비 57%를 차지하고 교통사고 예방을 위한 준비 필요한 상황이다. 다양한 안전관련 C-ITS 시스템이 등장하여 교통사고 예방효과가 나타날 것으로 예상되고 있다. 따라서 5년간(2009년부터 2013년)의 사고 자료를 기준으로 서울청 C-ITS 서비스 우선순위와 예방효과를 산정해 보았다. 우회도로 구간을 선정한 후 우회경로의 수, 진행방향(직/좌/우) 인지성, 정보제공 유연성, 도로선형, 운 전자 인지성 등을 검토하여 교통정보제공 수단인 도로전광표지(VMS)의 형식을 검토하였다. 현재 C-ITS서비스 적용을 위한 시범사업이 진행중이며, 2018년 이후 C-ITS구축을 계획하여 본격적인 시스템 구축 및 서비스를 제공하여 교통사고 예방에 효과로 인한 사고 및 혼잡 개선에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

This study estimates the classification criteria which distinguishes the types of omega-3 health functional foods, fish oils and fish oil usages through 13C-NMR spectra and fatty acids contents analysis. The major fatty acids of omega-3, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) are being analyzed. 10 ethyl ester (EE) forms and 10 triglyceride (TG) forms are the most common types of fish oils for 20 omega-3 products. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis generally shows the matching EPA and DHA contents of the products listed on the notation. But EE form contents of EPA and DHA are higher and are more varied than the TG form. Most of the samples of EPA/DHA ratio show different content ratios of indicated on the products when comparing with standards. The 13C-NMR analysis of EPA and DHA on sn-1,3 and sn-2 carbonyl peak position with fish oil triglycerides display whether the reconstituted triglycerides (rTG) are being confirmed or not. As a result of the 9 TG form, the 10 TG products showed similar values: EPA sn-1, 3; 13.46~15.66, sn-2; 3.00~4.52, DHA sn-1, 3; 2.43~4.40, sn-2; 3.84~6.36. But one product showed lower contents (EPA: sn-1, 3; 5.88, sn-2; 2.86, DHA sn-1, 3; 2.29, sn-2; 5.95) of EPA, thus it can be considered a different type of oil and only matched six products according to the label. This study is intended to provide basic materials which identify the status for the types and quality of omega-3 fish oil products according to fatty acids profiles and the 13C-NMR spectrum confirmed the location specificity of EPA and DHA.

In port management, the scale of facilities and port layouts are major factors characterizing the port, which influence port economics and productivities continuously through the port operation. Grouping ports in certain region by their characteristics could be used as the principal informations to establish national policy for port development or investment and also to analyze the competitiveness between ports. Currently Korean ports are divided into two groups such as the local port and the designated port containing foreign trade port and coastal port under the Korean port law. These divisions seem to be used for port administration as the matter of convenience but some qualitative grouping is needed for research of port problems. In this paper, 20 major Korean ports were clustered by the similar characteristics using Fuzzy C-Means and found to be classified 8 qualitative groups.