목적 : 오늘날 우리나라 안경원은 대기업 및 중소기업의 수익성 악화로 인한 경제적 위기와 의료산업의 발달로 인해 저성장 사업으로 전락하고 있다. 안경원 생존을 위한 방안을 확인하기 위해 소비자들의 직접 경험의 중요한 요인 중 하나인 물리적 환경, 즉 안경원 서비스스케이프의 요인 중 안경원의 경영에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하고자 한다. 방법 : 이를 위해 선행연구들을 검토한 후 구조화된 연구모형과 가설들을 수립하고 광주지역의 안경원 방문고객들에게 설문조사를 실시하여 208부의 유효설문지를 획득하여 분석에 활용하였다. 분석은 SPSS 24.0과 AMOS 24.0 통계패키지를 활용하여 빈도분석, 기술통계분석을 실시하였으며, 내적 일관성을 확인하기 위해 Cronbach’s α와 타당성 검토를 위해 확인적 요인분석(CFA: Confirmatory Factor Analysis) 을 실시하였다. 또한 상관관계분석를 통해 변수들의 관계와 방향성을 확인한 후 단순회귀분석, 다중회귀분석 및 위계적 조절회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과 : 분석 결과 안경원 서비스스케이프의 하위요인들은 각각 소비자들의 만족도를 높이는 중요한 요인일 뿐 아니라 소비자들의 충성도를 높이는 중요한 요인임을 알 수 있었다. 결론 : 본 연구의 시사점은 첫째, 그동안 호텔, 레스토랑 등 외식분야와 다양한 서비스업종에서 검토되어오던 서비스스케이프에 대해 안경원 차원에서 분석을 실시한 것을 들 수 있다. 둘째, 서비스스케이프의 각 하위요인들이 만족도와 충성도를 높이는 중요한 요인임을 확인한 것은 결국 안경원을 방문하는 고객들이 심미성, 편리성, 청결성, 적절한 공간배치 및 적합한 주변환경의 제공을 통해 긍정적인 경험을 얻게 하여야 하며 이를 통해 만족도와 충성도를 높일 수 있음을 시사한다.

Every day, large amounts of personal information are collected by private companies from consumers through multiple sources. Loyalty programs are one of the most popular tools, used to gather such information. Information that is used to offer more personalised options and to target more effectively their promotions. However, many consumers are still attracted to such programs because of the rewards and other benefits offered. Privacy concerns over loyalty programs seem to take their toll. According to a Colloquy (2015) report the numbers of active members is dropping and one of the main reasons cited in the report is privacy concerns. Declining numbers and increased privacy concerns raise the question of how concerned consumers appreciate the benefits offered by loyalty programs and how their satisfaction and loyalty are affected. Apparently, loyalty programs cannot always guarantee loyalty (Nielsen, 2013) as a large portion of consumers demand better protection of their privacy (Madden, 2014) and decline to subscribe to such programs over privacy concerns (Maritz, 2013). The objectives of this study are firstly to examine the underlying reasons behind consumers’ privacy perceptions and secondly to investigate how such perceptions alter consumers’ appraisal of the benefits offered by the loyalty program as well as satisfaction with the program and consumer loyalty. Based on a review of the relevant literature a set of testable hypotheses was developed.

As the global cosmetics market becomes more competitive, cosmetics firms need to be more market-oriented. Consumers purchase cosmetics products not only based on product-related attributes (e.g., function) but also for non-product-related reasons such as novelty and a pursuit of variety. They are exposed and have access to a variety of choices imported from other countries, which further complicates decision-making. Globalization offers great opportunities for marketers as it may help expand the horizon of the market beyond the domestic boundary. Given that the market is becoming more competitive, it is imperative to understand what influences purchase decisions of global consumers. This study considers and examines extended susceptibility to global consumer culture (Extended SGCC) and its effect on affective commitment, which in turn influences behavioral commitment and loyalty. We consider four elements of extended SGCC: conformity to consumer trend, social prestige, quality perception, and corporate social responsibility. In addition to examining the structural relationships among the variables, we test whether country of origin (COO) moderates the proposed relationships. In order to test the model, we collected data from the purchasers of botanical cosmetics products that came from several different countries. A total of 798 users participated in the survey (425 users of domestic brands and 373 users of foreign brands). We performed several analyses related to the measurement model such as reliability analysis (Cronbach’s alphas), confirmatory factor analysis, and correlations analysis. Using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0, we estimated the structural model. The overall model fit indices include: χ2=1118.934 with df=239, p=0.000; GFI=0.884; AGFI=0.855; NFI=0.924; CFI=0.934; RMSEA=0.068; RMR=0.069. The study finds that all elements of SGCC, with the exception of social prestige, have a significant influence on affective commitment. Specifically, conformity to consumer trend is found to have a significant effect on affective commitment. This means that consumers who conform to the global trend tend to have a higher level of commitment. One implication is that cosmetics firms may want to communicate to the consumers that their products fit the lifestyle corresponding to the global trend. Contrary to our expectation, social prestige is not found significantly related to affective commitment. It seems that social prestige is not an important factor in choosing botanical cosmetics products. This is understandable because, unlike some prestige products that consumers wear or use to be associated with their image or perceived quality (e.g., car, handbag), consumers may not purchase botanical cosmetics products to upgrade their social status. As expected, quality perception has a significant positive effect on affective commitment. The study shows that quality perception has the most significant impact on affective commitment. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is also found to have a significant impact on affective commitment. The finding suggests that companies should be or remain active in taking initiatives that advance social welfare. Our study shows that both affective and behavioral commitments are positively related to customer loyalty. Behavioral commitment, which consists of items representing purchase tendency, has a greater influence on loyalty than affective commitment. We anticipated that country of origin (COO) would moderate the proposed relationships. We find no significant moderating effect of COO. This can be interpreted that the structural relationships are upheld regardless of COO. It seems that global consumers evaluate foreign brands in the same manner as they do domestic brands. This suggests that cosmetics firms may want to be careful in differentiating their strategies based on countries as the return on investment may not be as handsome as they thought and global consumers may have more similarities than differences with respect to how they evaluate and purchase cosmetics products.

Corporate philanthropic activities, such as charitable donations, have become one of the main business practices worldwide. However, academicians have paid relatively scant attention to verifying the effectiveness of corporate philanthropy (CP) in terms of a firm’s performance. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the influence of CP on consumer loyalty that leads to a firm’s ultimate financial success. In addition, this study aims to investigate mechanisms through which CP influences consumer loyalty, as yet largely unexplored field. Results reveal that CP has an impact on consumer loyalty that is sequentially mediated by gratitude, trust, and finally commitment. This research contributes to expanding the scope of CP research verifying the effectiveness of CP on consumer loyalty.

Modern consumers have significantly changed their shopping patterns, so that retailers must employ competitive and innovative strategies to counter the many new types of stores such as outlets offering premium services. In addition, customers have become smarter shoppers, refusing to pay more because of brand loyalty, especially when service and price differences have diminished. This study is an analysis of consumer shopping behavior in an effort to find effective marketing strategies to appeal to consumers who shop in outlet stores. Previous research has shown that shoppers may be clustered according to whether they are oriented toward convenience, brands, hedonism, economics, or trends. Different consumer types have different attitudes toward retailer types and also vary in their retailer loyalty. Some types have strong customer loyalty to outlet stores, but others do not. In this study, we examine the relationship between consumer attitude toward the outlet store and retailer loyalty according to consumer shopping types. Hedonism-oriented and economics-orientated consumers are expected to have more interest in outlet shopping than are brand-oriented consumers.

Using multiple channels along the buying process is common for today’s consumers. Research suggests that additional channels enhance customer satisfaction and ultimately customer loyalty. However, research that focuses on the relationship between satisfaction with multichannel performance and behavioral consequences is relatively sparse. As this topic is of tremendous importance for retail practice this study attempts to investigate main drivers of consumer satisfaction in a multichannel environment and the consequences concerning consumer behavior and loyalty. Therefore we take on an approach of Renoux (1973) that considers explicitly the aspect of the consumer decision stage in order to explain satisfaction with a multichannel retailer. The study focuses on satisfaction in the pre-purchase and purchase stage. Furthermore, it is investigated whether the perceived integration of channels has an influence on satisfaction with a multichannel retailer. Results of a structural equation model based on a survey among 171 German multichannel shoppers show that satisfaction in the pre-purchase stage is a crucial predictor of consumer’s overall satisfaction with a multichannel retailer. It has also a strong impact on satisfaction in purchase stage and can therefore influence the buying decision. To add, perception of the integration of channels positively influences the overall satisfaction with the multichannel retailer. Satisfaction, in turn, can lead to loyalty to the multichannel retailer and thereby influences repurchase and supplementary purchase intention, and recommendation intention. The study concludes with managerial implications and suggests directions for further research.

This study explores the relationship among brand experience, consumer satisfaction and brand loyalty with virtual experience and the virtual community as the intervening variables. We intend to discuss how the new concept of ‘brand experience’ impacted by the internet environment. We integrate the following new research subjects together: brand experience, virtual experience and virtual community. As the research purpose is to understand the effects of virtual environments on brand experience on consumer satisfaction and on brand loyalty, it takes virtual experience as the intervening variable to discuss whether it positively or negatively influences the relationship between brand experience and consumer satisfaction, and takes the virtual commodity variable as the intervening variable to discuss whether it positively or negatively influences the relationship between consumer satisfaction and brand loyalty. This study takes the virtual community members of apple brand in taiwan as the research subjects and 516 questionnaires were completed and returned. The results show that the brand experience had a positive effect on the consumers’ satisfaction and brand loyalty. In addition, the virtual experience has a positive moderating effect on the relationship of brand experience and consumer satisfaction. Finally, this study also discovered that the virtual community also has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between consumers’ satisfaction and brand loyalty.

This study was designed to provide practical environmental marketing data by measuring the effect of environmental marketing on customer loyalty and trust at coffee stores. The results were obtained by empirical analysis and are summarized as follows. The first hypothesis, the effect of environmental marketing on consumer trust at coffee stores, showed that environmental marketing at coffee stores had a statistically significant positive effect on consumer trust. Price, product, and facilities as sub-factors of environmental marketing at coffee stores had effects on consumer trust. Especially, facilities was the highest. The second hypothesis, the effect of environmental marketing on customer loyalty at coffee stores, showed that environmental marketing at coffee stores had a statistically significant positive effect on customer loyalty. Price, product, and facilities as sub-factors of environmental marketing at coffee stores had effects on customer loyalty. Especially, facilities was the highest. The third hypothesis, the effect of consumer trust on customer loyalty at coffee stores, showed that consumer trust at coffee stores had a statistically significant positive effect on customer loyalty. Improvement of consumer trust by environmental marketing was an important factor in improving customer loyalty. As for these findings, price, product, and facilities as sub-factors of environmental marketing at coffee stores had effects on consumer trust and loyalty. Consequently, these findings provide helpful information for coffee stores to plan environmental marketing strategies and establish direction, and they can be used for management activities.

The purpose of this research was to find out types of consumers for low price cosmetics in domestic market. And on the presumption that there would be differences on impact of brand image and brand loyalty depending on types of consumers, this study started from the possibility of establishing marketing strategy from the standpoint from such difference in types of consumers. Accordingly the classified types of consumers were presented on the basis of similar research data and data published in relevant professional literature. Analysis was undertook on kinds of impact of brand image, brand satisfaction, brand sense of identity and brand attitude which were constituent elements of brand assets on brand loyalty. Analysisshowed that causative relationship between constituent elements of branch assets is different depending on types of consumers. Result of this study suggests that there is a certain need for reviewing types of consumers in order to heighten level of brand loyalty in connection with strategy for low price cosmetics brand marketing in domestic market.

The purpose of this study were to examine the effect of consumer-brand relationship of fashion luxury product on brand loyalty and the mediating effect of consumer satisfaction. The questionnaire developed through the literature search and a survey was conducted both in on-line and off-line questionnaire simultaneously. Finally 227 data from women who had a buying experience of fashion luxury products were analyzed using frequency, factor analysis, ANOVA, t-test, regression analysis by SPSS for WIN program. The results were as follows. First, the consumers' brand identification was composed of three factors; self-connection, interdependence, attachment. Second, the consumer- brand relationship significantly influenced on the brand loyalty. Third, the consumer-brand relationship significantly influenced on the consumer satisfaction. Fourth, the consumer satisfaction significantly influenced on the brand loyalty. Fifth, the consumer-brand relationship had both direct and indirect effects on brand loyalty mediated by consumer satisfaction. The results indicated that causal relationship was existed among these three variables.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of consumption value, service quality, and customer satisfaction on store loyalty of beauty consumers. Using a questionnaire developed from previous studies, data were collected from 319 females at beauty stores located in Busan. They were analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and path analysis using SPSS 14.0 Program. Results showed that beauty consumers were classified into three groups by their consumption values; Subjective group, Practical group, and Epistemic group. There were a little differences among three consumer groups in the influence of perceived service qualities on consumer satisfaction. They suggest that the more satisfied with store services, consumers were the greater loyalty of beauty stores. Additionally, satisfaction of beauty consumers was a very important variable to develop the store loyalty. These findings would provide retailers and marketers related to beauty stores the informations encouraging consumer satisfactions and developing strategies of beauty stores.

As Korean food service franchise companies sought to advance into around 2,000 new foreign markets, the importance of global management was emphasized. They intensively expanded into Chinese and American markets in 2015 and these two markets account for approximately 40% of total food service franchise companies in foreign countries. Although Japan has huge franchise market, Korean food service franchise companies in Japan only account for 5% of total franchise companies in Asian countries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between food service franchise selection factors, brand loyalty, and revisit intention of Japanese consumers using Korean food service franchise companies in Japanese food service market, and based on the analysis results, draw the implications for the expansion of Korean food service franchise companies into the Japanese market. Food service franchise selection factors is defined as service and cleanliness, taste, safety and reliability, cost and convenience, and professionalism. The study results can be summarized as follows. First, analysis was performed to identify the effects of food service franchise selection factors on the brand loyalty, it showed that five food service franchise selection factors including professionalism, service and cleanliness, cost and convenience had positive (+) effects on the brand loyalty. One of the most important factors influencing the brand loyalty is professionalism. In order to raise food service franchise’s professionalism, it is necessary for the food service franchise companies to establish stronger strategies containing professional operation systems and services compared to general restaurants. Second, analysis was performed to identify the effects of food service franchise selection factors on revisit intention, five food service franchise selection factors, service and cleanliness, safety and reliability, and cost and convenience had positive (+) effects on revisit intention. One of the most important factors influencing revisit intention is safety and reliability. Thus, in order to raise safety and reliability it is important to form trust with consumers by properly utilizing systems of food hygiene and food safety accreditation.