Background: Core muscle weakness occurs due to trunk asymmetry and spinal malalignment after stroke. Core exercise is being implemented to improve trunk control and sitting position in stroke patients. Objectives: To investigated the effects of core muscle electrical stimulation on trunk control and dynamic balance in stroke patients. Design: Quasi-experimental study. Methods: A total of 30 stroke patients were recruited and divided into two groups: experimental group (core muscle electrical stimulation group) and control group (sham core muscle electrical stimulation group). Trunk impairment scale (TIS) was used to measure trunk control. BioRescue was used to measure sitting dynamic balance. Results: In both groups, all TIS scores and sitting dynamic balance abilities were improved increased significantly after intervention (P<.05). Changes in TIS scores and sitting dynamic balance abilities were significantly greater in the experimental group than the control group (P<.05). Conclusion: It was found that core muscle electrical stimulation can be used as an effective method for trunk control and balance recovery in stroke patients.

본 연구의 목적은 일반 관공서나 기업을 대상으로 많은 연구가 이루어졌지만 상명하복의 조직문화가 강한 군조직을 대상으로는 연구가 미미했던 서번트 리더십의 효과성을 검증하는 것이다. 일부 군조직을 대상으로 이루어진 서번트 리더십 선행연구는 육군과 해병대에서 일부 계층에 대해 소 수의 연구가 이루어졌는데 본 연구는 최초로 해군을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였으며, 설문대상도 해군 전간부계층으로 장교, 부사관 및 군무원 626명을 대상으로 폭넓게 상사의 서번트 리더십이 부하의 조직몰입 및 직무성과에 미치는 효과성을 검증하였다. 또한 해군은 장교, 부사관, 병 및 군무원 등 각각의 계층 및 계급에서 직무를 수행하는데 필요한 ‘계급 별 리더십 핵심역량’ 4개와 모든 계급에서 공통적으로 필요하는 ‘리더십 공통핵심역량’ 4개를 선정하였다. 본 연구에서는 모든 간부 계층을 대상으로 서번트 리더십의 효과성을 검증하였기에 리더십 핵심역량 도 해군 구성원 전 계급에서 공통적으로 필요한 ‘리더십 공통핵심역량’인 ‘전문성, 책임감, 협력적 소통, 자부심’ 등 4개 역량을 서번트 리더십이 부하의 조직몰입 및 직무성과에 미치는 영향력 관계에서 매개효 과가 있는지를 검증하였다. 실증분석 결과, 상사의 서번트 리더십은 부하의 조직몰입 및 직무성과에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 상사의 서번트 리더십은 부하의 ‘리더십 공통핵심역량’ 에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤으며, 부하의 리더십 공통핵 심역량은 상사의 서번트리더십과 부하의 조직몰입·직무성과 간의 관계에서 매개효과가 있음이 검증되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 이론적 실무적 시사점을 제시하였고, 연구의 한계점과 향후 연구방향이 논의 되었다.

Background: More women than men experience genu recurvatum, which can lead to knee pain and arthritis if left unattended. Pilates combined with taping is a suitable rehabilitation method for women with genu recurvatum. Objectives: To aimed the effect of taping and Pilates stabilization exercise on physical alignment and improvement of genu recurvatum in women with genu recurvatum. Design: A Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty-one women were divided into three groups: taping group (back of knee taping and quadriceps femoris taping, n=7), Pilates exercise group (hip, knee and abdominal muscles exercise, n=7), and combined group (taping with pilates exercise, n=7). The measured variables were sagittal plane alignment and back and abdominal muscle, knee flexor and extensor strength. Results: After the intervention, all sagittal plane alignments were significantly improved in both the Pilates and combined groups. Sagittal plane alignment was significantly improved in the combined group compared with the taping group. Back and abdominal muscle strength were significantly improved in the Pilates and combined groups compared with the taping group. Knee flexor and extensor were significantly improved in the combined group compared with the Pilates group and in the Pilates group compared with the taping group. Conclusion: Pilates exercise with taping or Pilates exercise alone was effective intervention methods to improve physical alignment and strength in women with genu recurvatum.

This study reviews studies on the core stabilization of respiratory muscle training for the elderly health. Previous research data and presenting basic literature data suggest that respiratory activation is an important mechanism for core strengthening via exercise interventions for the elderly. The review found that first, the mechanism of improving the respiratory muscles weakened by aging to address the loss of core function due to old age sarcopenia among the elderly results entails promoting the autonomic nervous system by focusing on the respiratory muscle activation pattern, the core muscle sensation mobilized for body centering. Second, nerve roots, intraperitoneal pressure, and deep muscles in the trunk of the body can be promoted while controlling respiratory stimulation with cognitive feedback. Effortful inspiration increases the activation of respiratory assistive muscles and effortless exhalation can improve the core muscle mobilization by involving abdominal muscles. Third, through respiratory muscle training, the elderly can increase their awareness of spinal centering and improve the ability to control the deep core muscles that must be mobilized for core stabilization. In conclusion, respiratory muscle training to increase the utilization of the trunk muscles seems to be a useful core stabilization exercise for the elderly with chronic tension and joint degeneration.

The objective of this study is to find the optimal production process in the aluminum IMS core parts. To reduce the production process, the total stage was designed at a total of 2 stages and 3 stages. In the total 2 stages process, the production stage was divided into a shaft part production and a yoke part production. In the total 3 stages process, the yoke production stages were subdivided into the 2 stages for distributing the stress. The results were compared and analyzed in terms of effective stress, folding characteristics and load characteristics. The stress distributions according to the production total stages were almost the same, the yoke production stage was received high stress due to the high strain. Both the tubular shaft yoke and solid shaft yoke according to the production total stages did not have any problems in the production because there did not occur the folding, metal flow and under-fill. When the total 2 stages were employed, the load for producing the tubular shaft yoke and the solid shaft yoke was decreased by 35.0% and 27.1%, respectively. As the results, when the total 2 stages process is applied rather than 3 stages process, the product is produced quickly and it is expected to be advantageous for the production cost due to the low load.

4차 산업혁명 도래와 급변하는 환경 여건에 직면해서 현대사회의 조직구성원은 그 어느 때보다 복잡성 과 불확실성에 노출되어 있다. 이러한 예측 불가능한 환경 맥락적 요인들 속에서 독창적 문제발견과 실행적 해결과정을 통해 환경적응력과 생존가능성을 극대화하려는 창의‧혁신‧제고 노력은 개인 발달과 조직 성장 및 국가발전 모두에 필요한 지속발전 가능성과 원천 경쟁력 확보를 위한 핵심자원으로 간주되고 있다(Craft, 2005). 이렇듯 창의성은 인간의 생존과 관련되어 있다. 창의성은 개인이 직면한 문제해결에 도움이 되고 사회 경제 발전에 매우 중요한 자원이다. 이러한 점에서 인간의 삶의 질 향상과 인류 발전은 창의성을 바탕으로 하고 있다고 해도 과언이 아니다(최병연, 2017). 전 세계적으로 창의성이 주요 담론으로 확고히 자리잡으면서 사회 각 분야에서 관심이 더욱 고조되고 있으며 현재 국가사회가 당면중인 문제 해결을 위해 적극 활용돼야 할 도구로 부상하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 직장인 400명을 대상으로 설문을 통해 핵심자기평가가 개인 창의성, 친사회적 발언행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 파악하고 친사회적 발언행동에 시사점을 제공하기 위해 핵심자기평가와 개인 창의성 관계에서 매개효과를 분석하여 연구 가설을 검증하였으며 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 핵심자기평가는 개인 창의성, 친사회적 발언행동에 모두 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 친사회적 발언행동은 개인 창의성에 긍정적인 영향을 미 치는 것으로 나타났으며 핵심자기평가와 개인 창의성 관계에서 매개효과를 나타내었다. 결과적으로 핵심 자기평가가 개인 창의성을 발휘하는데 있어서 중요한 역할이 되며, 친사회적 발언행동이 핵심자기평가와 개인 창의성 관계에서 긍정적인 상호작용을 일으킨다는 점을 본 연구에서 제시하고 있다.

이 연구의 목적은 코어 저항 운동이 농업 여성노인들의 근감소증 지표에 미치는 영향을 보고자 하였다. 이 연구에 참여한 피검자는 65세 이상의 천안시 거주 농업 여성노인 15명과 통제군 여성 15명으로 하였다. 코어 운동군은 주 2회 60분간 코어 강화 운동을 실시하였고, 종속변인인 근감소증 지표로는 악력, 의자 앉았다 일어서기, 근육의 면적과 단기운동수행력으로 4m 보행, 2.44m 걷기 및 400m 걷기를 실시하였다. 코어 저항 운동 결과 의자 앉았다 일어서기의 유의한 개선을 보였으나 근단 면적에서는 집단 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한 단기운동수행 능력 중 4m 보행속도에서 유의한 상호 작용과 2.44m 왕복걷기와 400m 걷기에서는 유의한 개선을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이상과 같이 코어 저항 운동은 근육의 활성화로 인해 하체근육 및 단기 운동수행능력을 개선을 가져오는 것으로 판명되었다.

공기 분위기하 UO2의 독특한 산화거동을 모사하기 위해 기존 Crackling Core Model (CCM)을 개선하였다. UO2가 U3O8으로 전환될 때 시간-전환율 곡선에서 나타나는 실험적 sigmoid 거동을 근사하게 재현할 수 있도록 모델 개선에 파편화 효과로 인한 반응 표면적 증대 및 결정립 가변 전환시간 개념을 고려하였다. UO2는 U3O7을 거쳐 U3O8으로 전환되며 최종 결정립 산화 소요 시간은 초기 결정립 산화 소요 시간의 10배에 해당한다는 가정을 도입했을 때, 개선된 모델은 599 - 674 K에서의 UO2 구 형 입자의 실험적 산화거동과 근사한 계산결과를 나타내었으며 핵종성장모델(Nucleation and Growth Model) 및 자촉매반응모델(AutoCatalytic Reaction Model)과 비교할 때 가장 작은 오차를 보여주었다. 개선된 모델을 통해 U3O8으로의 100% 전환시 계산된 활성화에너지값은 57.6 kJ·mol-1로 자촉매반응모델로 계산된 값인 48.6 kJ·mol-1보다 크며, 외삽에 의해 결정된 실험값에 더 근사함이 밝혀졌다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of core muscle training on balance ability. Forty subjects in their 20s participated in a 6 week core muscle training program. Balance ability before and after the intervention were assessed and analyzed using the Romberg test, which was conducted on the floor, pedalo, and balancefit. The differences between the measurement methods of balance ability using varied platforms was also compared and analyzed. After the 6-week core exercise training program, the training group represented statistically significant increases in all 3 methods for static balance ability. In the control group, all 3 methods represented no statistically significant increases. Upon comparing the different methods of the Romberg test, there were no notable differences between conducting the test on varying platforms for both groups. This study suggests that the core muscle exercise training program increased the balance ability.

The lead-rubber bearing (LRB) dissipates seismic energy through plastic deformation of lead core. Under large-displacement cyclic motion, the temperature increases in the lead core. The shear strength of a lead–rubber bearing is reduced due to the heating effect of the lead core. In this study, the seismic responses such as displacement increasing, shear strength and vertical stiffness degradations of LRB due to the heating effect are evaluated for design basis earthquake (DBE) and beyond design basis earthquake (150% DBE, 167% DBE, 200% DBE).

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of closed and open type on the load characteristics and amount of waste in tubular shaft and solid shaft for optimal design. The open and closed type were designed by 6 stage processes and applied for analysis. The coefficient of friction was set to Oil_Cold conditions as refer to the analysis library. It is found that the actual underfill phenomenon was not observed on the closed and open type. The metal flow of the closed and open type are revealed that the folding phenomenon was not occurred, thus there is no problem in actual production. The load characteristics are similar from stage 1 to stage 3 due to the same geometry of upper and lower die. However, tubular shaft and solid shaft are decreased 26% and 32% load from stage 4 to stage 6. In case of open type, amount of waste of tubular shaft and solid shaft are 11g and 14g, respectively.

We present our efforts for extending the simultaneous multi-frequency receiver system of the Korean Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Network (KVN) to global baselines in order to measure the frequency-dependent position shifts in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) jets, the so called core shift effect, with an unprecedented accuracy (a few micro-arcseconds). Millimeter VLBI observations with simultaneous multi-frequency receiver systems, like those of the KVN, enable us to explore the innermost regions of AGN and high precision astrometry. Such a system is capable of locating the frequency dependent opacity changes accurately. We have conducted the feasibility test-observations with the interested partners by implementing the KVN-compatible systems. Here we describe the science case for measuring the core shift effect in the AGN jet and report progress and future plans on extending the simultaneous multi-frequency system to global baselines.

In this study, effect of core-shell structure on compaction behavior of harmonic powder is investigated. Harmonic powders are made by electroless plating method on Fe powders. Softer Cu shell encloses harder Fe core, and the average size of Fe core and thickness of Cu shell are 34.3 μm and 3.2 μm, respectively. The powder compaction procedure is processed with pressure of 600 MPa in a cylindrical die. Due to the low strength of Cu shell regions, the harmonic powders show better densification behavior compared with pure Fe powders. Finite element method (FEM) is performed to understand the roll of core-shell structure. Based on stress and strain distributions of FEM results, it is concluded that the early stage of powder compaction of harmonic powders mainly occurs at the shell region. FEM results also well predict porosity of compacted materials.

Numbers of successful companies in the world develop The core values of action in order to produce effective human resource management and organization culture. Core values are belief, and values that are shared by all members to maintain organization. Also, The core values function as to inspire motivation and decision making for organization's identity and assist to settle their own unique culture. Therefore, this study is to figure out the effect of core values to the members of organization and management performance from small and medium company that is comparatively less focused to settle their own core values.

글로벌 경영환경 속에서 조직들은 점차 수직적 조직구조보다는 수평적 조직구조에서 조직관리의 해답을 찾고 있다. 이러한 경영환경의 흐름에 적응하기 위해서 조직들은 자신의 조직체계 전반에 걸쳐 조직의 유동성과 효율성을 증대시키기 위해 전통적인 계층관리구조보다는 자율관리구조 형태로 점점 대체해 나가고 있다. 이렇듯 수평적 조직구조 형태에서 자율성 강조가 점차 중요시되고 있고, 이러한 흐름 속에서 대두되고 있는 리더십이 바로 임파워링 리더십이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현 시대에 필요한 임파워링 리더십이 혁신행동 및 직무성과 사이에서 핵심자기평가를 매개변수로 하여 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 관점을 정리하고자 한다. 다시 말해서 상사의 임파워링 리더십과 부하의 행동과 직무성과 사이에서 부하의 핵심자기평가의 중요성을 특히 강조하려 했다. 이를 설문지 방식으로 조사하여 검증한 결과, 임파워링 리더십이 높을수록 핵심자기평가에 더 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 또한 핵심자기평가가 긍정적일수록 부하들의 직무성과와 혁신행동에도 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로도 나타났다. 마찬가지로 임파워링 리더십과 직무성과 간의 관계에서도 핵심자기평가가 긍정적인 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study effectiveness of core strengthening exercise programs on symmetric double limb support and balance ability for elderly. The subjects that 30 persons between the ages of 65~80 elderly participated were divided into two groups randomly for 8 weeks. Tetrax interactive balance system and Berg's balance scale were used to assess support and stability. Paired t-tests were used to evaluate the changes before and after intervention. The difference between the groups was compared using an independent t-test. The experimental group showed significantly increase weight support, stability, balance(p<.05). However, the control group not showed significantly increase weight support, stability, balance(p>.05). In a variation, experimental and control groups showed significantly increased rate of weight support, stability, balance(p<.05). Consequently, core strengthening exercise program should be considered as a therapeutic method for the elderly to improve the balance ability and effectiveness on falls.

Titanium dioxide particles are used as photocatalysts, sensors, adsorbents and catalyst. Core-shell polymers of inorganic/organic pair, which have both core and shell component, were synthesized by sequential emulsion polymerization using Acrylate as a shell monomer and potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator. We found that when Acrylate core prepared by adding 0.5~2.0 wt% EU-S133D, Titanium dioxide / Acrylate core-shell polymerization was carried out on the surface of Titanium dioxide particle without forming the new Titanium dioxide particle during acrylate shell polymerized in the inorganic/organic core-shell polymer preparation. The structure of core-shell polymer were investigated by measuring to the thermal decomposition of polymer composite using thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA) and morphology of latex by scanning electron microscope(SEM).

본 연구는 핵심자기평가, 셀프리더십, 심리적 임파워먼트, 그리고 조직유효성과의 관련성에 대하여 종합적으로 실증분석을 하였다. 제안된 연구모형을 살펴보면 핵심자기평가는 조직유효성(직무만족 및 조직몰입, 혁신행동)에 영향을 미치며, 이 과정에서 셀프리더십과 심리적 임파워먼트가 매개변수로 사용되었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 가설의 검증을 위하여 울산광역시에 소재한 은행업, 증권업, 보험업, 공공기관, 교육기관, 제조업, 기타 서비스업 등 총 7개 업종에 근무하고

Silicone dioxide absorbed polyoxyethylene alkylether sulfate (EU-S133D) surfactant was prepared. Core-shell polymers of inorganic/organic pair, which have both core and shell component, were synthesized by sequential emulsion polymerization using Acrylate as a shell monomer and potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator. We found that when Acrylate core prepared by adding 2.0 wt% EU-S133D, silicone dioxide/Acrylate core-shell polymerization was carried out on the surface of silicone dioxide particle without forming the new silicone dioxide particle during acrylate shell polymerization in the inorganic/organic core-shell polymer preparation. The structure of core-shell polymer were investigated by measuring to the thermal decomposition of polymer composite using thermogravimetric analyzer and morphology of latex by scanning electron microscope(SEM).