Today’s technological developments have resulted in the emergence of various new crimes threatening the international community. In recent decades, there have been various forms of cybercrimes targeted at the communication networks and defense systems of countries by other countries, known as cyber warfare. Unfortunately, international law has not specified this as a crime, but its impact has caused violations of sovereignty and disruption of national security, resulting in material loss, breakdown of communication networks and obstruction of social and public services based on the internet, such as what happened in Estonia in 2007. This article is a normative study that analyzes the elements of cybercrime relating to threats to a country’s security. The modification of the cybercrime concept is necessary to designate cybercrimes as crimes of aggression amid technological development to maintain stability in the international community.

사이버범죄협약은 일명 ‘부다페스트’ 조약으로 알려지고 있으며 전 세계의 국가가 초국가적인 범죄인 사이버범죄에 공동으로 대응하기 위한 국제적인 협약이다. 사이버범죄를 예방하고 관련 정보를 공유하는 것이 주요 목적이지만 때로는 사이버범죄를 대응하고 범죄자를 처벌하기 위한 역할도 수행하고 있다. 미국, 일본 등 많은 국가들이 현재 사이버범죄협 약에 가입하여 이행입법을 자국 내에 반영하고 관련 정보를 공유하고 있다. 그러나 아쉽게도 우리나라는 아직까지 협약에 가입 조차 하지 않고 있는 실정이다. 마약범죄를 비롯한 초국가적 범죄에 대응하기 위하여 국제사법공조를 통하여 범죄인을 인도받거나 관련 증거를 제공받기도 하였으나 사이버범 죄는 그 특성에 기인하여 국제사법공조를 통하여 사이버범죄를 예방하거나 대응하는데 많은 한계를 갖고 있는 것이 사실이다. 이에 많은 선진국들은 미리 사이버범죄협약에 가입 및 비준하여 사이버범죄에 예방 및 대응하고 있었다. 그러기위해서는 무엇보다 국가 간 협력과 정보 공유가 필요하고, 국가 간의 쌍가벌성 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 무엇보다 신속 한 보전과 제출 명령을 이행 입법해야 할 필요가 상존하게 되는 것이다. 이에 사이버범죄협약의 가입을 위한 선결조건인 신속한 보전의 이행입법 방안을 중점적으로 검토해보고자 한다.

Cybercrime refers to the crime committed by the means of computer and network in the cyberspace which cause serious infringement on legal interests. It includes three parts: crimes aiming at Computer and internet, e.g. system truncated, system modifications, deleting or clearing data, malicious attacks on Web; crimes aiming at virtual items implemented in the network space, e.g. steal of online games equipment; traditional crimes committed by the use of internet, e.g. stealing of others’ bank deposits or defrauding others’ property. The main types of cybercrime are as follows: (1) crimes interfering with the security of internet operations. (2) crimes endangering national security or social stability; crimes destroying the socialist market economic order and the management of social order; crimes infringing the legitimate rights of individual, legal entity or other organization e.g. civil rights, property rights; crimes committed through other acts except the above-mentioned behaviors. Here are basic characteristics of China cybercrime: (1)criminals of young age, juvenile crime is highlighted;(2)secret criminal behaviors and large dark figure of crime;(3)great difficulty in obtaining evidence and combating criminal;(4) low cost and little risk during the cybercrime committing. The Criminal Law of China in 1997 provides two kinds of computer-related crimes. One is Invasion of Computer Information System provided in section 285 of the Penal Code, the other is Destruction of Computer Information Systems provided in section 286. Due to the serious flaws in the related provisions, functional handicaps concerning the computer crime in the judicial practice is resulted. So Amendment Ⅶ to Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China is enacted by NPC Standing Committee on Feb 28,2009, which supplemented and revised the computer crime and cybercrime. Two new crimes are added ,the crime of illegal access to computer systems data, illegal control over the crime of computer information systems and the crime of providing the procedures and tools used for invading, controlling the computer information systems.