본 연구에서는 유한요소법에 의한 판부재의 탄소성대변형 거동해석시의 불평형력에 대한 수렴기법의 효율성에 대해 고찰해 보았다. 대상 수렴기법으로는 단순증분법(SI법), Newton-Raphson(NR)법과 수정 Newton-Raphson(mNR)법을 선정하였다. 이들 결과를 바탕으로, 큰 처짐이 발생하는 판에 대해서는 불평형력에 대한 수렴계산을 수행하여야 하며, 이 경우 mR법과 NR법은 같은 정도를 유지하면서도 계산시간은 mNR버과 NR법에 비해 약 1/2정도 절감되며, 큰 초기처짐이 존재하거나 두꺼운 판의 경우에는 불평형력이 상대적으로 크지 않기 때문에 SI법을 사용하는 것이 훨씬 유용하다는 것을 확인하였다.

The deflection of the vertical and the geoid height in the southern part of the Korean peninsular were computed from gravity anomalies by the application of the Fourier and Bessel-Fourier series. The deflection of the vertical computed from free-air anomaly has highest values of 7∼8$quot; around the central part of the Taebaek and Sobaek Mountains. The general direction appears to be nearly perpendicular to the NNE-SSW direction of the general tectonic structure of the peninsular. The geoid height increases to the south-east direction and the difference on the peninsular is about 3 m. The undulation of the Bouguer geoid appears to be correlated with the crustal thickness, having highest values on the eastern and southern coasts. The geoid height computed by using the geopotential coefficients up to the 16th order obtained from the spherical harmonic analysis of the satellite data shows similar trend of increase but much higher value than that of free-air geoid.

구조물의 보강을 위해 프리스트레스 강선에는 인장력이 도입되는데 이 강선은 덕트 및 편향장치에 의해서 휨을 동시에 받게 된다. 이와 같이 인장과 휨을 동시에 받는 프리스트레스 강선의 굴절인장성능을 평가하기 위해 강선의 직경, 맨드럴 직경, 맨드럴과 강선 사이 마찰계수를 변수로 하여 총 600종에 대한 굴절인장 변수해석을 실시하였다. 해석 결과, 강선의 직경이 클수록 낮은 굴절인장성능을 나타내었고, 그 영향은 강선 연신율의 증가에 따라 감소하였다. 강선의 굴절인장성능에 대한 맨드럴 직경, 맨드럴-강선 간 마찰계수의 영향은 매우 작게 나타났지만, 맨드럴-강연선 간 마찰계수에 대한 추가 해석 결과 상대적으로 높은 상관성을 보였다. 따라서, 굴절인장성능 확보를 위해서는 충분한 연신율 확보가 우선되어야 하고, 연신율 확보에 제약이 있을 시 적정값까지 강선 직경을 감소시켜야 하겠으며, 강선의 표면조건을 조절하여 강선 간 마찰력을 높여야 할 것이다.

A deflection of a RC structure increases when sustained loads are applied in it. In this paper, a parametric study of long-term deflection was performed according to concrete strength, creep coefficient and ratio of sustained load for each design provisions. Results show that a long-term deflection in KSCDC is able to apply an effect of creep using an effective modulus of elasticity.

Numerical analysis was performed to predict for deflection of reinforced concrete (RC) beams in flexure strengthened with textile reinforced concrete (TRC) in this study. TRC is new reinforcing material to strengthen for deteriorated RC structures. TRC consists of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement of textile form and concrete using fine aggregate. This paper presents both results and process of nonlinear analysis method for experimental results published in 2015 by Jung et al. Nonlinear analysis method proposed by Cho et al. was used to predict the displacement at the cross-section of mid-span for RC beams in flexure strengthened with TRC. At the three states of the RC beams such as occurrence of initial flexural crack in tensile concrete, the yield of tensile rebar, and ultimate in accordance with debonding of TRM. Displacements of beams were calculated at the three state and load-displacement curves by predicting results were compared to the collected test results. As a result, nonlinear analysis method accurately predicted the deflection of RC beams strengthened with TRC.

Numerical analysis was performed to predict for deflection of reinforced concrete (RC) beams in flexure strengthened with textile reinforced concrete (TRC) in this study. TRC is new reinforcing material to strengthen for deteriorated RC structures. TRC consists of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement of textile form and concrete using fine aggregate. This paper presents both results and process of nonlinear analysis method for experimental results published in 2015 by Jung et al. Nonlinear analysis method proposed by Cho et al. was used to predict the displacement at the cross-section of mid-span for RC beams in flexure strengthened with TRC. At the three states of the RC beams such as occurrence of initial flexural crack in tensile concrete, the yield of tensile rebar, and ultimate in accordance with debonding of TRM. Displacements of beams were calculated at the three state and load-displacement curves by predicting results were compared to the collected test results. As a result, nonlinear analysis method accurately predicted the deflection of RC beams strengthened with TRC.

Floor damping materials used in floating floor system to diminish the floor noise have been made with low density and dynamic stiffness. Owing to this low density and dynamic stiffness, the deflection in these materials under long-term loading and cracking of the floor finishing mortar in the floating floor system may occur. This paper presents the results of long-term loading effects on the deflection of different types of floor damping materials. The experimental program involved the long-term loading tests for 490 days loading period on sixteen specimens. Specimens were classified as DM1(Damping Materials) to DM8, depending upon the four main parameters; types, bottom shapes and densities of floor damping materials and amount of loading. Results indicated that the long-term deflection of all specimens of damping materials remained unchanged after 200 days at all loading amounts, except the specimens made up of Polystrene, in which long-term deflection remained unchanged after 160 days at 250 N load and 100 days 500 N load. In this paper, two types of correlation expressions were shown in the deflection range prior to the range where deflection remained constant; two analyses by ISO 20392 and linear regression. In comparison of two analyses and experimental results on the difference of deflection of 16 specimens, the difference of deflection was below 0.4 mm in those analyses in case of that total deflection was below 10 mm. Restrictively, it was judged that the analysis for the deflection of specimens made up of Polystrene is more appropriate using ISO 20392.

본 연구는 단경간 교량의 정적하중입력/변위출력관계를 이용한 새로운 교량 유한요소모델 개선 방법을 제안하였고, 실내 모형교량 실험을 통해 검증하였다. 기존의 유한요소모델개선기법은 실험으로부터 얻어진 모드계수와 유한요소모델로부터 예측된 모드계수가 유사해 지도록 유한요소모델을 개선하는데, 이 과정에서 구조계의 질량행렬에 대한 가정을 필요로 한다. 제안된 기법은 질량행렬을 가정하지 않고, 오 히려 질량행렬 추정을 가능하게 하는 장점을 가진다. 제안된 기법은 두 단계로 구성된다. 첫째, 정적 하중입력-변위응답으로부터 강성행렬을 개선하고, 둘째, 실측된 고유진동수를 이용하여 질량행렬을 개선한다. 실험검증을 위하여 실내 모형교량을 제작하였고, 제안된 기법을 이용하 여 모형교량의 탄성계수를 추정하였으며, Universal Testing Machine으로 부터 얻어진 탄성계수와 비교하였다. 또한 기존의 유한요소모델개 선기법으로 추정된 탄성계수와 비교하였다. 실험의 결과들로부터 제안된 기법이 합리적으로 탄성계수와 질량밀도를 추정하는 것이 관찰되었 고, 기존의 유한요소모델개선기법은 고차모드를 사용했을 때 상대적으로 큰 오차를 주는 것이 관찰되었다. 추가적으로 유한요소모델링 오차 에 대하여 토의하였다.

For the evaluation of the road cavity, GPR method is usually used widely. But the technique of image process is very difficult and confused owing to the similar signals. In this study, the deflection analysis is proposed for the supplement method of the GPR.

In this study, a novel bridge weigh-in-motion system based on pseudo-static deflection extracted from the measured dynamic displacement while a truck overpasses the bridge is proposed and its feasibility is experimentally verified through a series of driving tests with a heavy duty truck on an operating bridge.

Data from the strain gauge and temperature sensor through the analysis in the future appear to be capable of vertical construction step analysis Behavior of Concrete Box Girder is judged to be high usability.

This paper presents a laboratory validation for a Finite Element model updating method using moving vehicle input-deflection output measurements. In conventional FE model updating, a few natural frequencies measured from field experiments have been used to update the FE model based on the assumption that the mass matrix is known accurately. The proposed approach can update the stiffness matrix without the assumption by using static input-output measurements and can even update the mass matrix by using a few natural frequencies obtained from dynamic measurements. Laboratory experiments were carried out for a scaled model of Samseung Bridge located in the test road of Korea Highway Corporation. For a simplicity of experiments, a mass (11kgf) was located in four different locations on the deck and two deflections were measured by laser displacement meters: one at the center girder, and the other in at the outer girder, both in mid-span. Results showed that the proposed methods was capable to estimate Young's Modulus and the mass density of the model bridge accurately while natural-frequency-based updating may result in significant error when higher modes (2nd, 3rd) were used.

Recently, to assessing the deflection of structural member, video gauge was widely used in the field of structural maintenance. This paper is dealt with the laboratory experience on the video gauge for detecting the structural deflection from the digital Image. In this paper, real deflection from LVDT detected from model bridge in laboratory was compared with the measurement of the Video Gauge. The accuracy of the deflection measurement using the Video Gauge in the load of the bridge was verified.

To ensure durability and light weight of bridges, high-strength concrete is required for long-span deck slabs. Such a technology eventually extends the life of bridges and improves the economic efficiency. The results of this study examines the minimum thickness of long-span deck slabs built with high strength concrete. The minimum thickness is examined based on the limit states indicated in the Korean Highway Bridge Design Code(limit state design).

The performance of the connection in precast members that were made by accelerated construction was performed. In result, behavior of INT-1 and SEG-1 specimens was different. Therefore, in thin study, design of concrete in Korea and experiment result were compared to verify behavior of SEG-1.

To evaluate the prestressing loss of tendon caused by deflection angle, test is conducted with the variables of a deflection angle and a diameter of deviator head. Results show that the prestressing loss increases when the delfection angle increases but the diameter of deviator head gives no significant influence on the prestressing loss.

This paper evaluates the shear strength, behavior and failure mode of reinforced concrete beams with deformed GFRP reinforcing bar. Four concrete beam specimens were constructed and tested. It was carried out to observe failure behavior and load-deflection of simply supported concrete beams subjected to four-point monotonic loading. Load-deflection for FRP reinforced concrete beam member were predicted.

이 연구에서는 중소지간 합성형 강거더교량에 대한 신뢰성 해석을 위해 강거더와 콘크리트슬래브의 강성을 토대로 처짐을 고려한 한계함수를 구축하여 신뢰성해석을 수행하였다. 확률적 하중과 저항모델을 통해 처짐을 예측하기 위해 계산에 필요한 변수들을 확률변수로 고려하였다. 강재의 부식에 의한 단면의 감소, 그리고 콘크리트의 크리프는 합성형교의 처짐에 많은 영향을 미친다. 따라서 이 연구에서는AASHTO LRFD 기준으로 설계된 교량에 대해 시간에 따른 변수를 고려하여 강재단면의 감소와 크리프의 영향을 통계적 모델에 반영하기 위해 몬테-카를로 시뮬레이션 기법을 이용하였으며, 처짐과 사용성을 고려하여 다양한 지간과 거더간격을 가진 교량에 신뢰성 해석을수행하였다. 그 결과, 장지간 교량의 경우, 단지간 교량과 비교해 보았을 때 상대적으로 크리프와 강재단면감소의 처짐에 대한 영향이 작았으며, 이에 반해 단지간 거더 교량의 경우 크리프의 진행에 따라 처짐에 많은 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

The variability of deflection for reinforced concrete flat plates is large because of the uncertainty of concrete. But there is the minimum thickness or maximum allowable deflection only in the current design criteria. That is based on experiential data and does not consider the variability. Thus, Deflection evaluation based on probabilistic method is needed. A parametric study has been conducted to verification of influence of several parameters. In order to predict the reasonable deflection of reinforced concrete flat plates, a layered degenerated shell element also was adopted for finite element analysis.

Numerical scheme of predicting large deflection of RC column structures is discussed by developing the algorithm of equivalent lateral loading system based on theorem of virtual work.