In this study, we proposed a novel concept of liquid level indicator that can stably measure the liquid level even with changes in liquid density by enormous temperature changes. This uses a distributed optical fiber sensor based on Rayleigh scattering with high spatial resolution. Additionally, taking advantage of the flexibility of an optical fiber sensor, we introduced a bendable supporting structure and made it possible to freely adjust the angle for ease of installation of the liquid level indicator. In the proof-of-concept experiment using a prototype incorporating the proposed concept, we confirmed that the interface location can be effectively detected by utilizing the difference in heat transfer characteristics between liquid and gas phases, demonstrating the feasibility of liquid level measurement. Such a liquid level indicator is expected to enable more accurate level measurements in environments with huge temperature changes and to be conveniently used even in situations where installation and maintenance of the level meter are challenging due to complex internal structures.

급격한 산업화와 도시화로 인해 해양 오염이 심각해지고 있으며, 이러한 해양 오염을 실효적으로 관리하기 위해 수질평가 지수(Water Quality Index, WQI)를 마련하여 활용하고 있다. 하지만 수질평가지수는 다소 복잡한 계산과정으로 인한 정보의 손실, 기준값 변동, 실무자의 계산오류, 통계적 오류 등의 불확실성(uncertainty)을 내포하고 있다. 이에 따라 국내ㆍ외에서 인공지능 기법을 활용하여 수질평가지수를 예측하기 위한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 해양환경측정망 자료(2000 ~ 2020년)를 활용하여 우리나 라 전 해역 즉, 5개의 생태구에 대한 WQI를 추정할 수 있는 가장 적합한 인공지능기법을 도출하기 위해 총 6가지의 기법(RF, XGBoost, KNN, Ext, SVM, LR)을 실험하였다. 그 결과, Random Forest 기법이 다른 기법에 비해 가장 우수한 성능을 보였다. Random Forest 기법의 WQI 점수 예측값과 실제값의 잔차 분석 결과, 모든 생태구에서 시간적 및 공간적 예측 성능이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 본 연구에서 개발한 Random Forest 기법은 높은 정확도를 바탕으로 우리나라 전해역에 대한 WQI를 예측 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

IMO에서는 선박운항기술에 ICT기술을 융합하여 해양사고를 예방하는 e-Navigation의 도입을 추진하고 있다. 국내에서도 해양사 고의 취약계층인 어선 및 연안을 항해하는 소형선박을 대상으로 한국형 e-Navigation을 개발하고 있다. 그러나 한국형 e-Navigation의 성공적인 개발을 위해서는 현재까지 진행된 개발성과를 평가하고 개발 방향성을 재정립할 수 있도록 개발성과를 평가할 수 있는 지표의 개발이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 주요한 해양사고인 충돌사고를 중심으로 e-Navigation 서비스의 개발목표에 맞춘 평가지표를 개발하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 RCA기법과 FTA 기법을 활용해 해상 충돌사고 발생 근본원인을 도출하고 이를 정량화하여 e-Navigation 서비스를 위한 충돌사고 평가지표를 개발하였다. 해당지표는 e-Navigation의 개발지표 및 충돌사고 분석을 위한 지표로 활용되어 해양사고 저감에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

Process Capability (Cpk) is a representative measure of how well the producer manages dispersion and bias for the specifications needed by the consumer. This is expressed as a ratio of 6 times the natural tolerance to the specification. As the producer manages the dispersion small, the capacity index becomes higher. And it is classified into 5 grades according to the degree of management. It is a measure of the quality of processes used in most industrial fields. However, Cpk is calculated by only reflecting the mean and dispersion of the process, there is a disadvantage that it can not give information about the economic loss caused by the inconsistency of the process with the target value. Overcoming these drawbacks, process capability indexes reflecting various types of loss functions such as Cpm, C┼pm and Cpl have been developed. However, all of these previous studies have applied the limit to the consumer specification, which is based on the traditional and passive quality perception that the quality characteristic should exist within the limits of the consumer specification. In this study, we will develop ‘Customer Satisfaction Quality Indicator (CSQI)’ which is a quantitative indicator that can be fully evaluated when the manufacturer’s specification limit, which is an aggressive quality strategy, is applied. This is expected to be useful decision information for both producers and consumers.

The aim of this study is to develop suitability site indicator of urban-rural return to fishing and to analysis priority of the indicators. The study is based on literature review, expert survey and AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) methods. This study found 5 factors(natural environment, acceptance environment, social overhead capital, economy, fishing environment) and 21 detail variables. as a result of AHP, fisheries resources, acquisition convenience of fishing license, income(except fishing), attitude of local resident, one-person household income, high income fishing were showed high priority. This result indicate that economic foundation is most important factor for suitable site of the returning.

There has been an accelerating increase in water reuse due to growing world population, rapid urbanization, and increasing scarcity of water resources. However, it is well recognized that water reuse practice is associated with many human health and ecological risks due to numerous chemicals and pathogenic microorganisms. Especially, the potential transmission of infectious disease by hundreds of pathogenic viruses in wastewater is one of the most serious human health risks associated with water reuse. In this study, we determined the response of different bacteriophages representing various bacteriophage groups to chlorination in real wastewater in order to identify a more reliable bacteriophage indicator system for chlorination in wastewater. Different bacteriophages were spiked into secondary effluents from wastewater plants from three different geographic areas, and then subjected to various doses of free chlorine and contact time at 5˚C in a bench-scale batch disinfection system. The inactivation of φX174 was relatively rapid and reached ∼4 log10 with a CT value of 5 mg/L*min. On the other hand, the inactivation of bacteriophage PRD1 and MS2 were much slower than the one for φX174 and only ~1 log10 inactivation was achieved by a CT value of 10 mg/L*min. Overall, the results of this study suggest that bacteriophage both MS2 and PRD1 could be a reliable indicator for human pathogenic viruses for chlorination in wastewater treatment processes and water reuse practice.

Axial force of the bolt is very important for structural stability. To obtain stability of the structure, axial force of the bolt should satisfy the specification and be maintained over the time. Hence, It is important to the axial force of the bolt is measured and it manages. However, measuring of the axial force using sensors is very expensive. Torque method using frequently in the field is difficult to confirm accurately by the torque coefficient change. In this study, measuring of axial force using elastic force of the spring washer was studied. First, the relational formula is drawn about the pressure in which the spring washer model changes to the annular of the plane state. According to the axial force of the bolt, the necessity height of the spring washer is presented and the finite-element analysis model is recommended. The analysis model research, generally, the axial force of high strength bolt is confirmed. It expands to confirmation of the large caliber bolt.

In this study we carry out usability evaluation for adjustable electric beds for home care that are used the most by the elderly, and examines dissatisfaction of users. In this sense, we performed an interview with stakeholders including bed users, developers and suppliers to develop usability evaluation contents. In addition, we carried out feasibility and reliability study over evaluation form through usability assessment, and developed usability evaluation indicator.

The use of aquatic species in ecotoxicity research is well established in developed countries. However there are limitations of using the species that are not native to Korea, and the toxicity data produced by domestic test species are significantly needed to reflect the domestic situation. In this study, the applicability of 3 kinds of native species, Chironomus yoshimatsui Martin et Sublette, Ephemera orientalis McLachlan and Heterocypris incongruens Ramdohr, as aquatic toxicity test species was studied. Also, the integration method of each species response to various industrial effluent and surface water was developed. In ecotoxicological researches using macro invertebrates, temperature is one of the most important toxicity-modifying factors, and temperature effect is species specific. Besides temperature effect, there are other physico-chemical factors that can affect test organisms, such as pH, water hardness and dissolved organic matter. The ideal test species for freshwater quality assessment is very sensitive to various pollutant but resistant to wide ranges of physico-chemical properties of environmental media. Behaviour is the cumulative interaction of a variety of biotic and abiotic factors that represents the animal′s response to internal and external factors and relates one organism to another. So, it is a major mechanism by which animals adapt to changes in their environment, including exposure to contaminants. Despite the importance of behavioral ecotoxicological test, there are few researches to assess the quality of freshwater and its sediment, in part due to the difficulties to obtain detailed quantitative data. This study shows the potentiality of behavioral test for water quality assessment using burrowing behavior of midge species exposed to several heavy metals. Finally, we propose a method which integrates each test into one concise and useful index and can be applied to various field water.

This study was evaluated the indicators of GRI guideline LA6-LA9 for industrial safety sanitation field on 22 domestic sustainable management reports and 46 overseas reports published by companies in 2007 and 2008, was developed new indicators with emphasis on industrial safety sanitation act, and was assessed whether they are released. As a result, LA6(Percent of total workforce represented in formal joint management-work health and safety committees that help monitor and advise on occupational health and safety programs) was evaluated highest in release ratio on whether to release the reports by each indicator of industrial safety sanitation field using domestic sustainable management report GRI guideline, and in the case of overseas companies, it was evaluated that there is no companies that release all from LA6 through LA9 among GRI guideline, but it was grasped that the ratio of partial release is high. As for the release of indicators was developed with the use of industrial safety sanitation act of 22 domestic companies, the release of indicator No. 1(report and industrial disaster record) and 10(health diagnosis) of industrial safety sanitation act was high. This study is meaningful in that it analyzed the industrial safety sanitation field of sustainable management report(CSR) that has not been attempted so far with the use of new indicators developed with emphasis on GRI guideline and industrial safety sanitation act.

This paper deals with a newly developed direction indicator system of a car which displays left turn and U-turn signal differently, so that the following driver can identify the intent of the next car ahead easily. In general, when a car want to change its direction, the driver move the blinker lever below the steering wheel up or down. However, as the left turn and U-turn signal are the same, there always be the risk of rear-end collision by misinterpreting U-turn signal as left turn signal. In this paper, a new direction indicator system which differentiates left turn and U-turn signal is developed. The left turn signal is the same as before, but when a driver want to U-turn, an additional U-turn signal blinks at the rear of the car. By identifying the direction signals clearly, the developed system is expected to alleviate the risk of car accident.

This paper deals with a newly developed direction indicator system of a car which displays left turn and U- turn signal differently, so that the following driver can identify the Intent of the next car ahead easily. In general, when a car want to change its direction, the driver move the blinker lever below the steering wheel up or down. However, as the left turn and U-turn signal are the same, there always be the risk of rear-end collision by misinterpreting U-turn signal as left turn signal. In this paper, a new direction indicator system which differentiates left turn and U-turn signal is developed. The left turn signal is the same as before, but when a driver want to U-turn, an additional U-turn signal blinks at the rear of the car. By identifying the direction signals clearly, the developed system is expected to alleviate the risk of car accident.

The interest on rural ecological landscape has recently grown on the part of policy makers for rural development. While considerable efforts and resources have been invested to preserve and utilize rural landscape, we still lack a systematic means to quantify and evaluate ecosystem service value of the rural landscape and management status. So this study suggests rural ecological landscape management indicator considering ecosystem service value. It consists of 28 criteria and 107 subcategories, which can be applied to rural village. And We have applied ecosystem service value assessment and resident’s management status on three villages, Moondang village, Yonggye village, and Sesim village.

연령이 증가함에 따라 피부 내부에서는 콜라겐의 합성 능력이 떨어지고 탄력섬유의 손상 및 matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) 발현이 증가한다. 본 연구의 목적은 눈가에 주름이 형성되기 전에 연령이 증가할수 록 피부 내부에서 피부 노화의 징후가 관찰된다는 것을 확인하고, 피부 내부에서 먼저 발생하는 노화의 징후가 칠엽담 지페노사이드 분획물 함유 크림(칠엽담 지페노사이드 크림)의 효능으로 인해 개선되는 것을 확인하는 데 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 육안으로 눈가에 주름이 관찰되지 않는 21 ∼ 34세의 한국 여성 52명을 대상으로 임상 시험을 수행하였다. 이들에게서 연령이 증가함에 따라 피부 외부의 노화 징후가 관찰되지는 않지만 피부 내부에서 노화의 징후가 시작되는 시점을 진피치밀도 측정을 통해 확인하였다. 그리고 육안으로 주름이 관찰되 지는 않았지만, 진피치밀도가 감소하는 연령대에서 칠엽담 지페노사이드 크림을 4주 및 8주 사용한 후에 진피치 밀도 값이 유의하게 증가함을 확인하였다. 따라서 칠엽담 지페노사이드 크림이 피부 내부에서 먼저 진행되는 노화를 효과적으로 개선하는데 도움을 주며, 이 결과를 토대로 칠엽담 지페노사이드 분획물이 향후 주름 개선 기능성 화장품 개발에 활용하기 적합하다고 판단된다.

This study aimed at setting up the grading indicator standards on development stages for phasing the continuous development process. To achieve the objective of this study, after referring to the proposed cases derived from the reference analysis, the development stages were classified. Also grading criteria of indicators according to development stages were established through the statistical analysis and expert group checking. Development stages of rural village were stepped into 4-stages through the reviews and analysis of reference literature ; preparation-entry-development-advanced stage. Reasonable achievement level of each development stage was established by considering the necessary development period and benchmarking reference target together. On the basis of these clear stepwise development phases, the grading criteria were proposed for determination of the incumbent development stages.

산업화 및 도시화의 급속한 진전에 따라 도시통행량이 증가하고 있으며, 이러한 도시교통의 양상은 짧은 시간내에 많은 양의 눈이 내리면서 교통혼잡과 극심한 정체로 이어져 심각한 교통대란을 야기시키기도 한다. 이처럼 강설시의 원할한 통행을 도모하기 위한 방안의 하나로서, 도로의 구조 및 도로상의 다양한 위험요소들이 강설시의 차량통행에 어떠한 영향을 끼치는지에 대한 분석이 필요한 시점이며, 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 강설시 도로위험구간을 도출하기 위한 분석틀의 설정 및 중요도분석을 통해 보다 객관화된 지표를 선정하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는, 1)평가지표의 개발을 위해 표적집단면접(FGI) 및 전문가 브레인 스토밍을 거쳐 최종 평가지표(지리·지형특성, 도로시설, 도로기하구조, 교통특성)를 도출하였으며, 2)도출된 평가지표들을 토대로 AHP분석을 실시하여 각 평가항목별 가중치를 산정하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 평가항목 측면에서 보면, 4가지 평가지표 중 교통특성이 강설도로 위험구간 선정시 가장 중요한 항목으로 도출되었는데, 이는 일반적인 시설이나 지리적인 특성보다는 강설시 가장 위험한 것이 교통량이나 대형차와 같은 교통적인 특성이라는 것으로 판단할 수 있다.