본 연구는 한우 암소비육에 있어서 고 에너지의 육성용 TMR(TDN 72.7%DM, CP 13.65%DM)을 육성기(8~12개월령) 및 비육기(13~24개월령)까지는 제한급여하고, 이후 비육 마무리기(25~32개월령)까지 자유 채식시켰을 때, 증체수준, 도체특성 및 경제성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 공시축은 한우 암소 35두(8개월령)를 이용하여 Control구(5두), T1(10두), T2(10두) 및 T3(10두)구로 나누어 난괴법으로 배치하였다. 공시사료는 전기간 동일한 육성용 TMR을 Control구에서는 자유채식 시켰고, T1, T2, T3구에서는 각각 체중의 1.8%, 1.6% 및 1.5%로 제한하여 24개월령까지 급여하였다. 한우 암소의 체중은 비육마무리기간에서 Control구에 비해 T1, T2 및 T3 처리구가 각각 4.9%, 3.6% 및 2.5% 높은 것으로 나타났다 (p<0.05). 일일증체량은 육성기에는 Control구와 T1구가 다른 처리구에 비해 높았으며(p<0.05), 비육마무리기의 T1 처리구가 다른 처리구에 비해 높았다(p<0.05). 건물섭취량과 TDN 섭취량은 비육마무리기간에서 T1구가 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 고 에너지의 육성우용 TMR을 전 기간동안 급여함으로써 도체중과 배최장근 단면적이 일반적인 한우 암소비육 결과에 비해 현저히 증가되었다. 처리구별 도체중은 Control구에 비해 T1구가 약 11.6% 많았으며(p<0.05), 지방색과 성숙도는 Control구에서 높았다(p<0.05). 근내지방도, 육색 및 조직감은 처리구간 유의적 차이는 없었으나, 육량등급 출현율에 있어서는 Control구에서 A등급이 60%로서 다른 처리구에 비해 높았다. 육질등급에서 1++ 등급 출현율은 Control, T1, T2 및 T3구에서 각각 0%, 20%, 20% 및 0%로 나타났다. 순수익은 Control구에 비해 T1과 T2구가 각각 15% 및 13% 증가되었으나 T3구는 2% 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 한우 미경산우 비육 시, 고에너지의 육성용 사료를 육성기부터 비육기(13~24개월령)까지 체중의 1.8% 수준으로 제한 급여하는 것이 전 기간 동안 자유채식시키는 것보다 도체중이나 육질등급 증가로 경제성이 향상되어 한우암소 고급육생산 프로그램 개발에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented spent mushroom substrates (F-SMS) of Flammulina velutipes on growth performance, carcass traits, and economic characteristics of Hanwoo steers. A yeast strain (Saccharomyces sp. UJ14) and Bacillus strain (Bacillus sp. UJ03) isolated from fresh spent mushroom substrates of Flammulina velutipes were used as probiotics to prepare F-SMS. Twenty-four Hanwoo steers (14 months old) were allocated to three dietary treatments via a randomized block design and were slaughtered at 30 months of age. These treatment groups included Control (TMR), T1 (TMR containing 10% of F-SMS) group, and T2 (TMR containing 30% of F-SMS). Body weight gain was not influenced by the experimental diets. DM and TDN intakes in the finishing period were significantly (p < 0.05) greater in group T1 than in other groups. CP intake was significantly (p < 0.05) greater in group T2 than in other groups during the whole experimental period. Among carcass traits, rib-eye area and back fat thickness tended to increase with F-SMS supplementation. The appearance rate (%) of a meat yield more than grade A was the highest in group T1. The net profits increased by 1.2% and 13.3% in groups T1 and T2, respectively. In conclusion, if a proper feeding program (including feed safety) can be ensured, spent mushroom substrates of Flammulina velutipes can prove to be a highly profitable feed source for Hanwoo steers.

For economic evaluation of integrated operation to sewage facilities, benefit-cost analysis was performed to watershed sewage works project in 7 watershed areas, 156 facilities. In this study, the cost before and after integrated operation was compared and benefits are calculated from the reduction of operators, increasement treated pollution loads, reduction cost through operation convenience, reduction water consumption through effluent reuse, and improvement of life benefit. The result showed that cost was 8,500million won and benefit was 16,747million won, so benefit was 49% higher than cost. B/C analysis result showed that B/C ratio was 1.97 and it is similar to other researches. The benefits of integrated operation included convenience of data management, increase of emergency response, decrease of complains with sewage which was not reflected numerically, so the benefits of integrated operation were expected much greater than this result.

본 연구는 양돈농가의 사료비 절감을 위해 국내 대표 사료작물인 청보리(유연보리)를 이용하여 양돈용 일반배합사료에 첨가 가능성을 조사하고자 실시하였다. 실험에 사용된 청보리 발효사료는 총체보리를 밀 봉하여 사일리지 형태로 제조하여 보관하였고, 3mm 이하로 분쇄하여 시험사료로 이용하였다. 공시동물은 평균체중 77.71 kg인 3원교잡종 비육돈 72두를 공시하여 돈방 당 6두씩 3반복으로 실시하였다. 처리구는 일반배합사료(대조구)에 청보리 발효사료를 1%, 2% 및 3% 첨가하였고, 42일간 급여하여 종료하였다. 청보리 발효사료 급여는 성장 및 일당증체량에는 영향을 주지 않았지만, 청보리 발효사료 3% 첨가구에서 일일 두당 사료섭취량은 유의적으로 감소하였고(p<0.05), 도체등급에서는 상위등급 출현율이 높았다(p<0.05). 경제성 조사에서 청보리 발효사료 첨가는 일일 두당 사료비를 약 0.55~8.65% 절감하였고, 특히 3% 첨가구에서 사료비 절감 효과가 가장 높았으며, 청보리 발효사료 2% 및 3% 급여구에서 도체가격이 각각 1.53% 및 6.25% 정도 높았다. 따라서 청보리 발효사료 첨가급여는 사료비 절감과 도체등급을 개선하는 것으로 나타났다.

The objective of this study was to identify the effects of various environmental effects associated with performance testing results in pig population of domestic pig breeding farms. Performance test data collected from 2,000 to 2,010 were a total of 265,901 heads. By breeds, data consisted of Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire. Environmental factors considered in models were breed, sex, farm, year of test, season of test, and parity. Broad range of age at testing day averaged at 155 days of age were grouped as A (up to 140 days) B (141~150 days), C (151~160 days), D (161~170 days), and E (greater than 170 days). Traits analyzed were ADG, days to 90 ㎏, end weight (body weight at the test day), rib eye area, back fat thickness. Age group effects were all significant for all the traits studied (p<0.05). As ages at test day get greater, ADG, days to 90 ㎏ and end weight tended to be greater while ultrasound measures of rib eye area and back fat thickness tended to be less. This would be the results of linear age adjustments on ultrasound measures, that caused overestimation in younger age groups and underestimation in older age groups than in average age group (C). This was evidenced by looking at ultrasound measures before linear age adjustments were applied. We conclude that, for more accurate performance testing, testing within guided age interval should be abided. And further researches should be made on biologically justifiable methods of age adjustments especially for ultrasound measures.

We investigated the effect of glutathione supplementation on body weight gain, feed intake, velvet antler yield and economic analysis in elk bulls. A total 14, 2-year old male elks were divided into 2 groups with control or glutathione treatment. Elks were fed concentrate feed at the level of 1.5% relative to body weight (3.1 kg). and allowed to consumed hay as roughage ad libitum. Glutathione was supplemented at the level of 6 mg/kg. Average daily gains (ADG) for 2-years old elks were 234.1± 7 and 247.6±22 kg in control and glutathione fed groups, respectively. Treated group had higher ADG than control (p<0.05). Individual daily DM intakes were 5.34±0.70 and 5.64±0.71 kg in control and glutathione supplemented groups, respectively. Glutathione-fed group showed an additional intake of 298 g on an average. Production of velvet antlers for elk yearlings was 4,229±720 g and 4,653±960 g in control and glutathione supplemented groups respectively. Analysis of economics efficiency revealed 8% higher revenue index in glutathione supplemented groups. In conclusion, glutathione supplementation showed increase of DM intake and ADG in elk bulls, and could also increase velvet antler production.

최근의 철근콘크리트 교량의 부식과 노후화에 대한 관심이 많다. 콘크리트 안의 부식되어진 철근은 교량구조의 안전뿐만 아니라 철근콘크리트 부재의 휨강도에도 영향을 준다. 기존의 성능평가를 고려한 철근콘크리트속의 부식율 및 휨강도 특성 경제성 분석은 명확하지 많았다. 본 연구의 목적은 철근의 부식감소에 따라서 철근콘크리트 교량의 저항강도기능과 생애주기비용을 연구하고자 한다 따라서 현재의 부식 및 휨강도 산출공식을 제시하고 부식된 철근 콘크리트 교량의 잔여수명을 정확히 평가하고자 한다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is for the leading sector, a pattern of shifting structure of the economic sector, and community export competitiveness on the economy Malinau Regency. Research design, data, and methodology: The type of data used is secondary data with a quantitative approach of 2009-2018. The study data used Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share Analysis (SSA), and Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) analysis tools. Results: There are 6 leading sectors: agriculture; electricity, gas, and clean water; building and construction; trade, hotels, and restaurants. That has been classified has changed the economic structure of the Malinau Regency from the secondary sector to the tertiary and primary sectors in 10 years. While, community export competitiveness of the Malinau Regency through RCA Analysis, see if the export products of coal and excavation (types A, B, C) are shown to have a higher comparative advantage with comparative advantage. This shows that only a few commodities that can provide the good performance of export. Conclusions: Analysis of economic growth in the Malinau Regency after regional autonomy shows that there has been a shift in the economic structure of the economy which is dominated by the structure of the primary sector.

The effect of insect feed powder on the growth performance and economic evaluation of ducks was investigated. One hundred and twenty-old Pekin ducks were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments (0% and 1% Hermetia illucens powder) with three replicates of 20 birds each for 14-42 d. No significant (p>0.05) difference in growth performance between the control and 1% H. illucens powder was observed, except the feed conversion ratio (p<0.05), for the experimental period. The treatments with 1% H. illucens powder improved the economic indicators in comparison with the controls. Therefore, a diet supplemented with 1% H. illucens powder could significantly improve the feed conversion ratios and increase the economic indicators.

This study evaluated the duck growth performance and the economic benefits on using illite as a feed additive for ducks. Illite powder at three levels (0%, 1%, and 1.5%) was added to commercial duck diets, and fed to 180 one-day-old ducks (Pekin, 3 replicates, 20 ducks per pen) using a randomized block design for 39 days. During the experimental period, there were no significant growth performance differences between treatments (p>0.05), except with the feed conversion ratio (p<0.05), for all periods (8-39 days). In addition, the dietary supplementation of 1% and 1.5% illite did not significantly improve (p>0.05) Feed Intake Cost (FIC), Weight Gain Value (WGV), Meat Production Cost (MPC), Economic Efficiency (EE), Profitability (P), or cost benefit ratio for 8 to 21 d, 22 to 39 d, and 8 to 39 d. However, the differences in meat production cost and profitability between treatments were statistically significant (p<0.05) for all periods (8-39 d). In conclusion, adding 1% and 1.5% illite to duck diets is not beneficial for improving either the duck growth performance or the economic indicators.

Between 2010 and 2012, former Bank of Japan Governor Shirakawa argued, in series of speeches, that Japan’s economic performance, when compared to that of other G7 nations, was stronger after 1990 than appreciated by the critics. In May 2012, Nobel prize-winning economist and Princeton University professor Paul Krugman echoed a similar sentiment in a Financial Times interview. This analysis expands on these assertions and asks to what extent they are supported by cross-section data for the G7. As reviewed below, to date, no idiosyncratic explanation has arisen to explain the Japanese slowdown—perhaps this is the correct explanation: the slowdown in Japan, once adjusted for demographics, is less severe than in other G7 countries and, as recently noted by Eichengreen, Park, and Shin (2015), TFP growth in a number of other nations followed similar patterns. Focused on labor productivity, far from a laggard, Japan’s performance ranks near the best in the G7.

발전한 경제만큼 안전하고 편안한 이동과 여가생활을 위해 자동차 및 도로의 보급이 확대 되고 있다. 이로 인해 폐자동차의 발생율도 높아지고, 도로 포장층이 받는 부담도 커지고 있는 실정이다. 폐차과정에서 발생하는 폐기물 중 일부는 재활용이 가능하지만 수지, 섬유, 고무 등의 자동차 파쇄 잔재물(ARS)은 재활용할 방법이 마땅치 않아 2차적인 환경오염의 원인이 되어 사회적인 문제를 발생시키게 된다. 또한 도로 포장층이 받는 증가된 하중으로 포장층의 파손 발생이 운전자들의 안전을 위협하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 도로의 피로수명 연장과 파쇄 잔재물의 재활용률을 높이기 위해 파쇄 잔재물을 활용한 섬유보강 아스팔트 콘크리트에 대해 고려하였다. 폐카펫에서 추출한 나일론을 개질재로서 아스팔트 콘크리트 포장 성능에 미치는 영향을 평가 하였다. 4점 휨 피로시험을 통해 일반 아스팔트 대비 피로수명이 10%향상되었음을 확인 하였으며, 이를 통해 경제성 분석을 실시한 결과 35년간 약 5억 원의 유지보수비용 절감을 기대 할 수 있다. 폐나일론 섬유 보강 아스팔트는 친환경적 공법으로 유지보수 비용 절감과 폐자재 사용으로 환경처리비용의 이점을 가지며, 도로수명 연장으로 운전자에게 안정감과 편안함으로 경제적, 사회적 효과를 기대 할 수 있다.