To improve the environmental management and resources, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of adding oyster shell powder to Hanwoo manure on its characteristics and microbial composition during the storage period. Additives were deposited on top of the manure surface at the rate of 0, 0.5, and 1% of oyster shell powder per 200 g of Hanwoo manure in a plastic container with three replicates; however, untreated manure litter served as the control. Manure characteristics (dry matter, organic matter and crude ash) and microbial composition (lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella, and E.coli) were evaluated at day 0, 2, 4, and 8. Manure characteristics exhibited an effect on dry matter, organic matter, and crude ash at day 2 and 8 (p<0.05), and not for day 0 and 4 (p>0.05). With the exception of yeast content at day 4 of storage, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella, and E.coli exhibited no significant differences in all conditions during the storage period. Conclusively, addition of 1% oyster shell powder to Hanwoo manure resulted in slightly better manure characteristics; however, its microbial composition remained unchanged.

This study aims to investigate the factors which impact the possibility of Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) implementation in automobile companies in Vietnam. A survey was carried out with automobile enterprises’ managers, getting 198 usable respondents, with data and theoretical model analyzed by using SPSS with EFA method. Results indicated that in Vietnamese automobile enterprises, the possibility of EMA implementation was driven by elements including motivation to reduce production costs, reactions to environmental issues, compliance to legislation, procedures and processes in the working environment which they are in business. The government and professional institutions should play a vital role in promoting EMA practices by issuing specific guidelines and continuous training. Besides, tax authorities should apply the favor policies such as tax incentives to stimulate interest enterprises to implement EMA. However, this study’s results only reflect about 63.7% of the impact to the implementation of EMA in Vietnamese automotive enterprises, so there are still some other factors that should be found out in the future researches. This is the first attempt to systematically analyze enterprises’ perception and willingness to apply EMA in Vietnamese automobile industry. This study contributes to not only the existing empirical literature of EMA but also enterprises’ managers in Vietnam and other transitional economies.

Substantial growth in the economy and extensive use of natural resources has become a major issue in the modern world. Organizations have started to worry about the environment and are beginning to invest in and practice green strategies. Companies should be responsible for the environment and use sustainable methods to run their businesses. The main purpose of this study is to explore the conceptual approach to Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices and Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER) in the hospitality industry. The theoretical framework of GHRM practices such as green recruitment, green selection, green training and development, green performance appraisal, green reward and compensation, and corporate environmental responsibility have been comprehensively studied for this purpose. Green Human Resource Management in the hospitality sector is a less studied and rarely implemented phenomenon. The integration of GHRM and CER along with green competitive advantage and green supply chain management in hospitality is new concept in hospitality industry. Study suggests that Corporate environmental responsibility (CER) and Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) have a significant role in the hospitality industry. However, for sustainable development of tourism and hospitality, this concept should be capitalized with necessary research and development.

This study is to explore the relationship between the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the environment using the big data methodology. We scrutinize the trend of the Fourth Industrial revolution, in association with the environment, and provide implications for a more desirable future environmental policy. The results show that the Industrial Revolution has been generally perceived as negative to environment before the 2010s, while it has been widely regarded as positive after the period. It is highly expected that the Fourth Industrial Revolution will be capable of functioning as a new alternative to enhance the quality of the biophysical and social environment. This study justifies that the new wave of technological development may serve as a cure for the enhancement of the environmental quality. The positive linkage between the new technological development and the environment from this study clearly indicates that the environmental industry and environmental technologies will be key economic factors in the next-generation society. They should be of critical importance in shaping our cities into clearer and greener spaces, and people will continuously depend on the development of new environmental technologies in order to correct environmental damages.

환경오염물질 배출 사업장에서는 환경오염 물질 배출에 대한 규제에 대응하고 나아가 자체적인 환경오염 물질 배출 개선을 위한 환경 모니터링 시스템 운영이 필수적이다. 현재 환경관리공단에서는 일정 규모 이상의 사업장을 대상으로 TMS(Tele Metering System)를 설치하여 전국적으로 환경오염 배출 물질을 실시간 감시 중에 있으며, 환경오염 배출 기준치 초과 시에는 예･경보를 발생시키도록 대처하고 있다. 그러나 기존 대부분의 환경 모니터링 시스템들은 환경 배출 물질 초과 발생 시 원인 분석 기능이 없고 특정 측정 장소(굴뚝 상단의 배출구나 특정 수질 측정소 등)에서의 환경오염 물질 농도 데이터만 활용하고 있다. 특히 이력이 제대로 관리되지 않기 때문에 유사 문제 혹은 동일한 문제 발생 시에도 즉각적인 조치가 이루어지지 못한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존 환경 모니터링 시스템의 한계점을 적극 보완하여 개선된 시스템을 기획하며, IoT 센싱 기술을 기반으로 하여 실시간으로 사업장 내 이상 상황을 인지하고 원인을 분석하여 해당 조치를 작업자에게 즉각적으로 지원하는 원스톱 환경 모니터링 및 감시 진단 시스템을 개발하고자 한다.

국가물류경제의 중축산업인 항만의 지속가능한 운영과 개발을 위해서는 인프라 확충을 통한 경쟁력확보와 더불어 대기오염, 수질 오염, 소음 및 생태계 파괴 등의 항만환경문제로 인한 지역커뮤니티와의 갈등해소가 더 중요한 요소로 부각되고 있다. 우리나라 부산 신항만 개발사업의 경우도 신항만 공사용 바다모래 채취로 인한 어민들과의 갈등 때문에 항만공사가 중단된 경험이 있으며, 그 주요 원인으로 현행 어업피해조사제도를 포함한 항만환경피해에 대한 정량적인 영향성 평가법의 부재와 한계라 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 주목적은 우리나라 항만의 지속가능한 항만운영 및 개발을 위한 효율적인 항만환경관리에 필수적인 정량적 환경영향성평가 방안의 제시에 있다. 이를 위해 국내 외 항만의 환경정책과 사례분석을 통해 전반적인 항만환경문제와 그 영향(피해)에 대해서 살펴보고, 피해를 입은 환경재와 서비스의 전체적 경제적 가치를 평가할 수 있는 경제적 가치평가법을 제시하였다. 제시된 방법론 중에서 부산 신항만 개발로 따른 정박지 지정으로 인한 해양 생태계 서비스 피해 사례에 대해 보다 과학적으로 추정할 수 있는 Habitat Equivalency Analysis(HEA)를 적용하여, 예시적인 피해액을 추정 하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로, 제시된 항만환경피해에 대한 경제적 영향성평가방법론의 제도적 도입을 통하여 보다 효율적인 항만환경관 리방안을 제시하였다.

This study conducted to investigate the role of the horticultural activities to create and manage the outdoor space of the school, are as follows: Most of the students have had experiences of horticultural activities cultivating vegetables, fruits, flowers, trees, etc., and took part in activities such as planting plants, growing plants, and harvesting plants. These activities were done through the house veranda, garden, or school classes. We found that much of the horticultural activities are done at school, home, and communities, as the students have quite a few experiences in external experiential events or allotment farms. Students had more than average amount of interest in horticultural activities. In particular, the more gardening activity the student experienced, the higher interest they had. About half of the students observe the plants at least once a month and know the names of 3.42 plants among the plants at school. The students in the school that had done the school forest project are aware of relatively many plants and show high observation frequency. Although the schools done horticultural activities in accordance with the curriculum, they usually consist of one-off activities such as planting and seeding in schools without gardens as the activities are done with pots inside the classrooms. The satisfaction with the external school environment was relatively high at schools that done the school forest project, and this was affected by flowers, trees, and resting area. In other words, students must have plenty of flowers and trees to be satisfied with the external school environment and should also have an appropriate outdoor resting area. It is important to provide opportunities to allow students to continue experiencing gardening activities at school and home, because they have a high abundance of experience and interest in horticultural activities. Therefore, the space for horticultural activities considering the school curriculum and preferences of students should be secured and a variety of flowers and trees should be planted in order to create the external environment of school.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotics as manure additives on pathogen, mineral, carbon dioxide and methane emissions in pig slurry as a function of time and provide information about the importance of pig slurry management to pig producers. An experiment was a completely randomized design and four treatments: CON: no treatment (5 kg pig slurry), T1: 5 kg pig slurry + 0.2% bacillus subtilis, T2: 5 kg pig slurry + 0.2% yeast, T3: 5 kg pig slurry + 0.2% actinomycetales. All treatments were replicated three times. The results information that is analyzed includes the following: First, in spite of the lack of statistically significant differences, pH values and carbon dioxide were lowered (P < 0.05) in all probiotic treatments compared with the controls as a function of time. Second, all probiotic treatments had no effect on Salmonella enterica, mineral, and methane emission. The results of this study indicated that addition of 0.2% probiotic to pig slurry resulted in lower pH and carbon dioxide emissions, and carbon dioxide and methane emitted from pig slurry is not listed as noxious gases.

As concerns have been raised about health effects of children's products containing hazardous chemicals on children, the Korea Ministry of Environment announced 135 environmental hazardous substances in children’s products (EHSCP) which were subject to risk assessment. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the current status of EHSCP for management due to their various exposure routes and types. In this study, we investigated the exposure assessment of EHSCP as well as relevant policies implemented in domestic and foreign countries. Domestic and foreign cases of detection of EHSCP were reviewed in the literature and websites of related agencies. Due to the lack of reference values for child-specific toxicity of EHSCP, those for adults and regulatory status of EHSCP were also investigated and reviewed with literature. The related agencies of foreign countries provided 13 child-specific reference doses (RfDs), 76 RfDs, and 42 reference concentrations as toxicity reference values of the EHSCP. Among substances investigated in the studies to assess exposure of hazardous substances in children’s products by the Korea Ministry of Environment, 23 substances were included in 135 EHSCP. The same studies identified 9 substances which were excluded from the 135 EHSCP. For regulatory status for hazardous substances in children’s products, 44 substances (32.6 %) and 84 substances (62.2 %) of 135 EHSCP were under regulation in Korea and foreign countries, respectively. In the present study, we found that a list of 135 EHSCP should be revised to ensure children’s safety.

최근 들어 수질 환경 문제가 많이 발생함으로서 사회적으로 큰 이슈가 되고 있다. 오염된 하천을 회복시키기는 많은 비용과 장기간의 시간이 소요됨을 볼 때 하천 수질관리 시스템이 얼마나 중요한지 알 수 있다. 하지만 현재 관리시스템은 현장 조사와 단순모니터링에 의존하여 실시간으로 하천수질상 태를 측정, 알림, 통보하는 것이 불가능하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 하천에 유량이 유입되는 주요지점에 수중환경감지 센서설치 및 USN, 수중환경 프로그램 개발을 통하여 주변오염지역 감지 및 수중환경상 태를 실시간 감지하여 이상 징후 발생이 예상되는 시설물을 D/B 관리하는 지능형 수중환경 관리 시스템을 제시하고자 한다

세계적으로 수질오염은 빈번히 발생하는 환경재해로 국민들의 안전과 생명을 위협하고 있다. 하지만 현재 환경부에서는 자동측정장치를 이용한 단순모니터링을 실시하고 있다. 그러나 단순모니터링으로는 수질 오염 발생 시 빠른 대처를 할 수 없는 어려움이 있다. 그리하여 본 논문에서는 USN (Ubiquitous Sensor Network)기술을 이용 수중환경상태를 감지하여 실시간 정보를 수집하고 분석하여 위험상황이 확인되는 즉시, 즉각적인 조치가 가능한 지능형 수중환경 관리 시스템 프로그램을 개발 하였다.

최근 들어 수질 환경 문제가 많이 발생함으로서 사회적으로 큰 이슈가 되고 있다. 오염된 하천을 회복시키기는 많은 비용과 장기간의 시간이 소요됨을 볼 때 하천 수질관리 시스템이 얼마나 중요한지 알 수 있다. 하지만 현재 관리시스템은 현장 조사와 단순모니터링에 의존하여 실시간으로 하천수질상태를 측정, 알림, 통보하는 것이 불가능하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 하천에 유량이 유입되는 주요지점에 수중환경감지 센서설치 및 USN, 수중환경 프로그램 개발을 통하여 주변오염지역 감지 및 수중환경상태를 실시간 감지하여 이상 징후 발생이 예상되는 시설물을 D/B 관리하는 지능형 수중환경 관리 시스템을 제시하고자 한다.

Recent studies have shown that alum addition to litter results in many environmental and economic advantages, such as reductions in metal runoff, lower ammonia emission and improved poultry performance. However, no research has been conducted to evaluate the effects of different types of alum on soluble metals in poultry litter. The objective of this study was conducted to investigate changes in soluble metal from poultry litter with different types of aluminum sulfate (alum) under laboratory condition. The treatments used in this study, which were mixed in the upper 1 cm of litter or sprayed onto the litter surface, were 4 g alum, 8 g alum, 8.66 g liquid alum, 17.3 g liquid alum, 11.2 g A7 (high acid alum), and 22.4 g A7 (high acid alum)/100 g litter. Applying different types of alum to poultry litter reduced (P<0.05) concentrations of soluble Fe (9 to 54%), Cu (9 to 49%) and Zn (11 to 40%), relative to untreated litter, whereas it increased Ca and Mg (P<0.05). Mean soluble Fe and Cu levels in poultry litter from different types of alum decreased in the order: 22.4 g A7 (54% and 49%) > 17.3 g liquid alum (48% and 42%) > 8 g alum (48% and 31%) > 4 g alum (28% and 10%) > 8.6 g liquid alum (10% and 9%) > 11.2 g A7 (8.6% and 9%). Additionally, the high reduction in soluble Zn concentration was 4 g alum (40%), followed by 8 g alum (26%), 22.4 g A7 (25%), 17.3 g liquid alum (23%), 8.66 g liquid alum (18%), and 11.2 g A7 (11%), respectively. In conclusion, the current studies suggest that treating poultry litter with different types of alum can be applied to reduce soluble metal (Fe, Cu, and Zn) and to develop a production to merchandise for poultry litter that would result in reduction in pollutants from these materials. Furthermore, in order to improve environmental management in the poultry industry, the use of alum, liquid alum and high acid alum all should be provided a valid means of reducing negative environmental impact.

본 연구는 해양특별시의 설치를 최고의 당면과제로 추진하고 있는 부산광역시의 해양환경관리 자치역량를 분석한 논문이며, 연구방법으로는 Lester(1990)가 주장하는 환경자치의 역량분석기법을 사용하였다. Lester(1990)의 연구방법에 따라 본 연구에서는 분석의 변수로서 자치단체장의 의지와 물적 토대 통을 사용하였다. 먼저 자치단체장의 의지를 분석한 결과, 부산광역시장과 관계공무원의 해양과 환경에 대한 관심도는 우리나라 제1의 해양토시라는 특수성에 비추어 비교적 낫은 수준이었다. 그리고 물적 토대를 측정하기 위하여 담당공무원수와 해양환경예산규모를 다른 7대 광역시와 비교한 결과, 다른 대도시에 비하여 높지 않은 수준이었다. 결론적으로 부산광역시의 해양환경관리 자치역량 수준은 퇴보형이거나 아니면 지체형에 속한다고 판단할 수 있었다.

This study estimated response of water quality and pollutant behavior according to the discharge and reuse of treated wastewater by three-dimensional eco-hydrodynamic model, and suggest plan that water quality management and environmental restoration in the coastal area including urban stream of Yeosu, Korea. Dispersions of low-saline water and COD by treated wastewater loads (design facility capacity, about 110,000 m3/d) were very limited in near of effluent site. Nutrients, however, increase compared to the other water quality factors, especially total nitrogen was very sensitive to input loads. When reuse some of treated wastewater to Yeondeung stream, nitrogen was big influence on estuarine water quality. Although current characteristics of treated wastewater such as discharge and water quality were negligible to the change of marine environment, effluent concentration of COD, TN and TP, especially 40% of TN, are reduced within the allowable pollutant loads for satisfy environmental capacity and recommended water quality criteria. Also, controls of input point/non-point sources to Yeondeung stream and base concentration of pollutants in coastal sea itself are very necessary.

The first theme of this study is to preserve and manage rural multi-functionality resource Information. This study is to suggest the method that can irradiate rural multi-functionality resource Information efficiently and constructively. GIS uses PDA and Tablet PC as an investigation tool and verifies the outcome of the development in the investigation system. This study enhanced the mobility function of PDA by installing recording system and camera to the PDA. Also, Using GPS has been ensured scientific precision and realism to the investigation. Direct input on spot can save time, cost and minimize human error by simplifying the investigation process. Database is composed of characters like scale, form, location, distance, resident's opinion and image of 37 resources. The survey system was applied in 170 villages and got a total of 12,270 resources data. Management system should be easy to input and output the surveyed information and to get reports in any kind of form ( i.e. final result can be produced as a map). By utilizing of the Rural Resource information system, the study made a simulation to compare the target areas before and after. Also, digitalized investigation system, minimized re-input and reprocessing of data and enabled to simplify and standardize the process than memorandum investigation. Data collected through digital system could offer people useful information by Web-GIS. It was need to specify practical way in decision-making and a way to measure the value of resources to align with the regional plan. Also, need to keep on developing statistical data and application program that can connect us to present the best solution to support regional planning. Therefore, quality of data is very important. Finally, it is very important to develop various programs to analyze space md rural resource by monitoring rural environment.

Jindong bay at the northwestern part of Jinhae bay suffers from the occurrence of red tides in summer every year. In order to study the management methods of coastal environments, an ecological numerical model has been developed. The model experiments was forecasted that the load of nutrients from the land and field concentration will be cut down per 10% each. When we cut down 57.2% nitrogen load in the inner bay and 38.4% phosphorous load in the outer bay of bottom layer of the nutrients load from land and field concentration, the seawater quality standard levels up first grade. When we cut down 86.5% nutrients in the inner bay and 93.0% nutrients in the outer bay, the concentration of chlorophyll a decreases below 3.2(an individual concentration of phytoplankton : 10,000cell/ml), i.e. the red tides do not occur.