Fisheries is known as a high-risk industry in Korea, and various efforts have been made to reduce occupational accidents. Trap fisheries represent crustacean production, accounting for 4.7% of total fisheries production and 10.7% of its production value, which is classified as a relatively high-risk industry. With the disaster insurance payment data of the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives (NFFC) from 2016 to 2020, the accident rate of the entire fishery, the accident rate of trap fisheries, and the type of disasters in the past five years were analyzed. As a result, the average fishery accident rate for the past five years was 5.31%, but it was high at 6.15% for coastal trap fisheries and 5.59% for offshore trap fisheries. Slips and trips, struck by objects and contact with machinery were the most common types of the accident according to the characteristics of the work, and hand injuries were analyzed the most. Additional efforts, including education for accident prevention, development of personal protective equipment and improvement of the working environment, are needed to prevent accidents caused by repeated types of disasters.

This study analyzed the allocation of the skipper’s attention during fishing operation in the wheelhouse of a Korean coastal composite fishing vessel by using video observation. To summarize the results, the ratio of lookout, radar and GPS monitoring, which is essential for prevention of collision at sea, was significantly lower than that of other fishing operation due to the attention concentration on the work place during hauling line. In order to reduce exposure to risk of collisions due to concentration of attention to certain tasks such as line hauling, it is necessary to develop an alert system that can notify the approach of other ships or obstruction throughout the ship using information from radar or the automatic identification system. In addition, the order of attention allocation to devices and facilities obtained in this study is expected to be used as basic data for device or facility layout based on the principle of usage frequency in designing wheelhouse for coastal composite fishing vessels in the future.

전 세계 해상 선박사고 건수는 감소하고 있지만, 국내 해상 사고 건수는 증가하고 있다. 이러한 이유에서 국내 선박의 해양 사 고를 줄이기 위한 한 가지 방법으로 사고 건수가 가장 많은 어선과 낚시어선을 대상으로 하는 어선복원성기준에 관한 연구를 수행한다. 국제해사기구(IMO)와 국내 그리고 일본, 중국, 캐나다 해외 3개국의 어선복원성기준을 각각 조사하고, 상호 비교 분석한 결과외국의 기준 들 대비 국내 기준이 가장 완화된 기준임을 알 수 있었다. 비교 분석 결과를 토대로 국내 어선복원성 기준을 보완하기 위한 어선복원성기 준 개정(안)을 5가지 평가항목에 대해서 제안했다.

우리나라에 등록 된 선박은 2019년 기준 전체 97,623척이다. 그 중 어선이 차지하는 비율은 약 67 %로 65,835척이 등록되어 있 다. 어선의 비율만큼이나 해양사고의 빈도수도 높다. 2020년 기준 전체 사고 3,535건 중 2,331건이 어선에서 발생했다. 즉 국내어선의 안전 성 향상을 위한 여러 제도적 마련이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 어선의 안전향상을 위한 다양한 부분 중에서 어선과 관련된 국내외 조종성능에 대한 국내외 평가 규정을 살펴보았다. 또한 상선에 비하여 설계 기준이 명확히 정립되지 않은 어선의 타면적 설계 현황을 살 펴보기 위하여 국내 조업 중인 153척의 어선 타면적 비율를 조사하였다. 그 결과 대다수의 어선이 국제적 기준에 미달하여 타면적을 설계 하고 있음을 통계적으로 확인하였다. 향후 이러한 분석 결과는 국내 어선의 조종성능 향상을 위한 타면적 설계 기준마련을 위한 기초 자 료로 활용하고자 한다.

Since South Korea did not adopt the recreation fishing using right (coupon) system, there were no recreation fishing statistics. This study selected 480 fishing vessels (10.4%) of a total of 4,611 fishing vessels (as of December 2019) as a survey sample using stratified sampling. Unlike other research institutes that conducted surveys related to the amount of tide on a one-time, this survey was conducted for five months (from May to October 2020, except the month of August). The captain investigated about types of fish, size, weight, etc. to anglers. A difference from previous studies was that about 7.0 million angler population (fishing more than three times a week) had 19.4 kg of catch per person for a year while other studies showed about 25.5-52.0 kg, respectively. The total fisheries resource catch amount was analyzed to be about 95,000 tons in this study and 116,000-166,000 tons in other studies. So there was a difference of about 1.2 to 1.8 times. This study aims to lay the foundation for the development of the fishing industry by preparing accurate statistical data and securing reliable basic statistics related to the fishing industry. Also, it could be usefully used as basic policy data such as introduction of a fishing using right (coupon) system.

연안통발 어민에 대한 설문조사 결과, 통발 투하 및 인양 중 로프 걸림에 따른 전도사고가 42.1 %로 가장 높았고, 갑판에서 미 끄러짐과 통발 권양장치의 신체 협착사고가 각각 21.1 %를 차지하였다. 또한 가장 위험한 작업은 전체 조사대상의 53.2 %가 통발 인양과 정을 들었고, 어종선별 33.8 %, 통발 투하 9.1 % 순으로 응답하였다. 어민들은 통발 권양장치의 주요 개선 요구사항으로 응답자의 36.8 %와 31.6 %가 통발을 수중에서 작업갑판까지 수월하게 인양하는 방안과 통발 인양 시 로프 장력 극복과 슬립 방지 등 사고저감 방안을 언급하 였다. 본 연구에서 소형 통발어선 권양장치는 구동롤러와 로프 간의 적정한 접촉각을 통해 로프의 접촉면적과 마찰계수를 증가시킴으로 써 권양력을 높이는 것이다. 구동롤러와 로프 간의 접촉각이 1°, 5°, 9°, 14° 및 19°일 때 로프 장력은 각각의 접촉각에 따라 차이를 보였으 며, 9°일 때 가장 높은 392.62 kgf까지 측정되었다. 이러한 실험결과를 반영하여 시제품 권양장치를 제작하고 총 길이가 100 m인 로프에 4 m 간격으로 총 25개의 통발을 해상에 설치한 후 인양에 따른 로프 장력을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 로프 장력은 통발 인양작업 초기에 급격히 증가하여 가장 높은 31.89 kgf로 측정되었으며, 이후에는 크게 낮아졌다. 따라서 소형 통발어선 권양장치의 권양력은 인양작업 초기에 부 여되는 최대 로프 장력 값을 기준으로 설계하는 것이 타당하다.

In this study, an improvement plan was derived by statistically analyzing the system and current status of tests in Korea and survey of seafarers perception in order to improve the expertise of the Korean fishing vessel officer examination. Recently, about 70% of marine accident occurs from fishing vessels. Therefore, it's necessary to improve the examination to reduce marine accidents. As a result, it was identified that an average of 29,265 applicants have applied over the past four years, and among them, 1,833 people have applied for fishing vessel licenses, accounting for 6.3% of the total. According to the result of explanation and response of 115 people, they responded that practical utilization was low, each operation waters has different requirements and it’s necessary to improve the contents of the questions for the specialty subject. In addition, inappropriate questions were found in previous exams. To reduce marine accidents caused by human error and to improve the professionalism of fishing vessel officers, it is necessary to adjust the test criteria and ratio with characteristics of fishing vessels and in the long run, institutional improvements such as the distinction between test subjects and licenses are needed.

The fishery compensation by marine spatial planning such as routeing of ships and offshore wind farms is required objective data on whether fishing vessels are engaged in a target area. There has still been no research that calculated the number of fishing operation days scientifically. This study proposes a novel method for calculating the number of fishing operation days using the fishing trajectory data when investigating fishery compensation in marine spatial planning areas. It was calculated by multiplying the average reporting interval of trajectory data, the number of collected data, the status weighting factor, and the weighting factor for fishery compensation according to the location of each fishing vessel. In particular, the number of fishing operation days for the compensation of driftnet fishery was considered the daily average number of large vessels from the port and the fishery loss hours for avoiding collisions with them. The target area for applying the proposed method is the routeing area of ships of Jeju outer port. The yearly average fishing operation days were calculated from three years of data from 2017 to 2019. As a result of the study, the yearly average fishing operation days for the compensation of each fishing village fraternity varied from 0.0 to 39.0 days. The proposed method can be used for fishery compensation as an objective indicator in various marine spatial planning areas.

In order to understand basic data for improving the fishing system and fishing vessel structure in coastal improved stow net fishery, a questionnaire survey and on-site hearing were conducted from May 10 to June 11, 2019 to analyze opinions on the improvement of operation status and fishing vessel structure. The questionnaire survey consisted of ten questions on the operation status of coastal improved stow net fishery and six questions on the improvement of fishing vessel structure, and the results of each question were analyzed by the region, the captain’s age, the captain’s career and the age of fishing vessel. As a result of analyzing opinions on the operation status of the coastal improved stow net fishery, it was found that the average time required for casting net was 32.8 to 33.0 minutes and that the average time required for hauling net was 41.0 to 42.2 minutes which took 10 to 12 minutes more than for casting net. The most important work requiring improvement during fishing operation (the first priority) were ‘hauling net operation,’ ‘readjustment and storage of fishing gear,’ and ‘fish handling’ and the hardest factor in fishing management were in the order of ‘reduction of catch,’ ‘labor shortage’ and ‘rising labor costs.’ The most institutional improvement that is most needed in coastal improved stow net fishery was an ‘using fine mesh nets.’ Most of the respondent to the questions on the experience in hiring foreign crews was ‘either hiring or willing to hire foreign crews,’ and the average number of foreign crews employed was found to be 2.3 to 2.4 persons. The most important reason for hiring (or considering employment) foreign crews was ‘high labor costs.’ The degree of communication with foreign crews during fishing operation were ‘moderate’ or ‘difficult to direct work.’ The most important problem in hiring foreign crews (the first priority) was an ‘illegal departure.’ As the survey results on the opinion of structural improvement of coastal improved stow net fishing vessel, the degree of satisfaction with fishing vessel structure related to fishing operation was found to be somewhat unsatisfactory, with an average of 3.3 points on a five-point scale. The inconvenient structure of fishing vessel in possession (the first priority), the space needed most for the construction of new fishing vessel (the first priority) and the space considered important for the construction of new fishing vessel (the first prioprity) was a ‘fish warehouse.’ The most preferred equipment for the construction of new fishing vessel were ‘engine operation monitoring’ and ‘navigation safety devices.’ The average size (tonnage class), the average horse power and the average total length of fishing vessel for proper profit and safety fishing operation was between 13.8 and 14.0 tonnes, 808.3 to 819.5 H.P. and 23.4 to 23.5 meters, respectively. The results of the operation status of coastal improved stow net fishery and the requirement for improving the fishing vessel structure are expected to be provided as basic data for reference when we build or improve the fishing vessel.

선박 기관실 통풍 설계조건 및 계산 기준에 관한 국제 표준(ISO 8861)을 만족해야 하는 선박 기관구역의 환기시스템은 일반적 으로 내연기관에 필요한 연소공기의 공급과 기관구역에서 발생한 열원을 제거하기 위해 설치되며 화재감지기가 포함된 환기시스템의 응 답지연은 구역 내부에 형성된 기류와 화재감지기의 설치 위치에 영향을 받는다. 어선에서 발생하는 화재는 상선과 비교하여 인명피해 가능성이 높으므로 화재 조기 감지가 무엇보다 중요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 어선에 설치되는 화재 감지기의 초기 화재감지 응답속도 향상과 설치된 감지기의 감도 유지를 위해 기관구역 내부에서 발생한 정량적 연기량에 따른 공기 유동장, 내연기관 연소 공기량 및 기관 구역 내부 압력을 변수로 연기 거동 시뮬레이션이 가능한 해석모델을 구성하여 선박 기관구역 내부의 연기 거동을 시뮬레이션하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 기관실 내부 압력을 감소시키고 연기커튼 설치를 통해 공기 유동장에서의 유속을 감소시키고 와류를 증가시키면 연기 성분의 천장 상승이 가속화되어 연기감지기 응답속도 및 환기시스템이 개선될 수 있을 것으로 해석되었다.

In this study, blending oils of diesel oil and butanol were used as fuel oil for diesel engine to measure combustion pressure, fuel consumption, air ratio and exhaust gas emission due to various operating conditions such as engine revolution and torque. Using these data, the results of analyzing the engine performance, combustion characteristics and exhaust emission characteristics such as NOx (nitrogen oxides), CO2 (carbon dioxide), CO (carbon monoxide) and soot were as follows. The fuel conversion efficiency at each load was highest when driven in the engine revolution determined by a fixed pitch propeller law. Except 30% butanol blending oil, fuel conversion efficiency of the other fuel oils increased as the load increased. Compared to diesel oil, using 10% and 20% butanol blending oil as fuel oil was advantageous in terms of thermal efficiency, but it did not have a significant impact on the reduction of exhaust gas emissions. On the other hand, future research is needed on the results of the 20% butanol blending oil showing lower or similar levels of smoke concentration and carbon monoxide emission rate other than those types of diesel oil.

어선보험 및 어선원보험은 열악한 지위에 있는 어선소유자 및 어선원을 보호하기 위하여 어선원 및 어선 재해보상보험법에 따라 운영되는 정책보험이다. 선박충돌사고가 발생하면 어선소유자는 어선보험에서, 어선원은 어선원보험에서 먼저 보상을 받고 보험자인 수산업협동조합중앙회(이하 ‘수협중앙회’라고 한 다.)는 상대선 소유자 등에 대하여 구상을 하게 되는데, 이 경우 어선보험과 어선원보험의 특성으로 인해 다른 보험과 구별되는 여러 가지 문제점들이 야기된다. 어선보험 구상의 경우 수협중앙회의 구상권 청구에 대하여 상대선 소유자가 자신의 불가동 손실과 상계를 주장할 경우 타 선박의 불가동 손실을 보상 범위에 포함하지 않는 어선보험의 충돌배상약관과 모순되는 문제, 피보험자와의 관계에서「상법」제682조 제1항 단서에 따른 보험자 대위권 행사 범위 제한 문제, 일본과 중국 등 외국적 어선과의 충돌사고에서 이루어지는 양국 어업협회 혹은 수산회를 통한 배상협의에서 불가동 손실이 그 협의대상에서 배제되어 있는 문제 등이 제시될 수 있다. 한편 어선원보험 구상의 경우 어선원보험금 산정의 기준이 되는 임금과 손해배상에서 적용되는 임금이 상이한 문제, 손해배상소송에서 통계임금이 어선원의 실질적인 임금을 반영하지 못하는 문제, 보험금 지급시의 장해등급 평가와 소송상 신체감정의 차이에서 발생하는 문제, 어선원보험의 유족보상 수급자 인 유족 순위와 손해배상의 상속권자 순위가 다른 문제, 국민건강보험공단의 구상권과의 순위 문제 등 여러 가지 문제점이 존재한다. 어선보험 및 어선원보험과 그 구상에 대하여는 위와 같이 여러 문제가 다수 존재하고 있음에도 불구하고 논의가 많이 이루어지지 않았다. 그에 따라 법원 의 선례도 거의 없는 관계로 위에서 언급한 문제들 및 그 해결책에 대한 심도 있는 연구가 필요할 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to develop an optimized hull-form of a coastal fishing vessel operating at high speed. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, HOTBOAT, that can perform an automatic hull-form optimal design of a coastal fishing vessel, was developed. HOTBOAT was composed of an objective function estimation algorithm and an optimization algorithm and a hull-form modification algorithm. In this study, the wave-making resistance was selected as an objective function and the potential-based panel method was applied to predict the objective function. SQP(sequential quadratic programming) method were adopted to predict the optimal direction and answer. Bell-shaped hull-form modification function method and NURBS(non-uniform rational B-spline) geometry modeling method were applied to modify the hull-form during the whole optimization process. HOTBOAT was applied to develop the optimal hull-form of a coastal fishing vessel with minimum wave resistance. The initial hull-form of the coastal fishing vessel was compared with the optimal hull-form. As a result of hull-form optimization, a coastal fishing vessel with a reduction of about 30% was developed compared with the initial hull-form and the displacement and the wetted surface area of the optimal hull-form was decreased to less than about 1% in comparison with the initial hull-form.

Engaged in trawling in limited fishing grounds with a number of fish schools could cause collisions between fishing vessels. Therefore, providing accurate maneuver information according to the situation could be regarded as essential for improving seafarers safety and fishing efficiency as well as safety of navigation. It is difficult to obtain all maneuver information through sea trial tests only, so a method through empirical formula is necessary. Since most empirical formulas are developed for merchant ship types, especially the characteristics of hull shape parameter like CbB/L and dCb/B etc. are clearly different between fishing vessels and merchant ships, this could occur estimation errors. Therefore, in this study, the authors have selected target fishing vessels and merchant ships and analyzed the characteristics of hull shape parameter according to the ship types. Based on this analysis, the empirical formula developed for the merchant ship type has applied to the target fishing vessels; it has verified through the turning motion simulation that the estimation error could be generated. In conclusion, it is necessary to include the characteristics of the hull shape parameter of fishing vessels in the empirical formula in order to apply the empirical formula has developed for merchant ship types to fishing vessel types.