This experiment was conducted to analyse the effects of flavone supplementation on the preimplantation development of in-vitro produced porcine embryos. During in-vitro development, immature oocytes and early embryos were exposed to different concentrations of flavone (0, 1μM, 25μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM respectively). Results showed that 100 μM of flavone significantly reduced the intracellular ROS levels of oocytes accompanied with a significant rise in GSH level. In parthenogenesis, no significant change was observed in the cleavage rates whether flavone was supplemented in IVM or IVC media. In IVM supplemented group, the blastocyst development rate was significantly enhanced by 1 μM concentration than other groups (51.5% vs. 41.3%, 44.0%, 36.3%, 31.7%; P<0.05) respectively. However, in IVC group 1 μM concentration significantly improved the blastocysts production than 50 μM and control groups (50.0% vs. 40.5%, 38.0%; P<0.05) respectively. Following nuclear transfer, the cleavage rate of IVM group was significantly more in 1 μM than 50 μM and 100 μM groups (92.9% vs. 89.7%, 87.8%; P<0.05), followed by similar pattern of cloned blastocysts production being significantly higher in 1 μM group than 50 μM, 100 μM and control groups (16.8% vs. 9.0%, 7.1%, 12.8%; P<0.05) respectively. In IVC group, 1 μM concentration resulted in significantly higher cleavage rate than 25 μM and 50 μM groups (91.7% vs. 87.8%, 88.8%; P<0.05) respectively. However, the blastocysts production was significantly higher in 100 μM group than others (26.2% vs. 13.6%, 14.0%, 18.2%; P<0.05) respectively. The optimal concentrations of flavone significantly enhanced the percentages of ICM:TE than control group (43.8% vs. 37.6%; P<0.05) accompanied with significantly higher expression levels of reprogramming related genes. In conclusion, the optimal concentrations of 1 μM during IVM and 100 μM during IVC can significantly improve the production of porcine in-vitro embryos.

Ingestion of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) presents a major challenge to mammalian herbivores. We investigated the relationship between PSM concentrations in the diet and feeding patterns in sheep fed diet containing flavone extracted from Apocynum venetum. Results showed that the flavone concentrations significantly influenced food intake by sheep. With the concentration of flavone in diet increase, sheep can regulate their intake of PSM within limits that are tolerable.

토마토는 남아메리카 서부 고원지대가 원산지이며 전 세계에 널리 재배되고 있는 가지과 작물이다. 최근 토마토의 건강 증진 효과에 대한 연구와 소비의 다양성으로 인해 재배 및 생산량이 증가함과 동시에 다량으로 발생하는 부산물 활용 방안 수립에 대한 관심이 증가하였다. 따라서 토마토 42자원 잎 추출물의 항산화 활성과 flavone aglycones를 분석하여 기능성 소재의 활용 가능성을 보고자 하였다. 토마토 잎 추출물의 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성 검정 결과, IT191046 (CHN, 130.9 ± 1.2 ug/ml)이 가장 높았고 IT207234 (BTN, 376.7 ± 14.1 ug/ml)가 가장 낮았으며 ABTS의 경우 IT189949 (IND, 1348.6 ± 36.4 ug/ml)이 가장 높았고 IT259255 (TWN, 3789.3 ± 84.4 ug/ml)가 가장 낮았다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 IT207214 (NPL, 59.9 ± 0.0 mg GAE g-1)이 가장 높았고 IT203262 (RUS, 16.8 ± 0.3 mg GAE g-1)가 가장 낮았다. 토마토 잎 추출물의 총 flavone aglycones 함량을 분석한 결과, IT229711 (KOR, 78.9 ± 1.0 ug/mg)가 가장 높았다. myricetin, quercetin, naringenin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin 함량은 각각 0.08 ~ 0.28 ug/mg, 0.6 ~ 24.1 ug/mg, 1.4 ~ 53.1 ug/mg, 0.19 ~ 4.73 ug/mg, 0.06 ~ 0.42 ug/mg 이었으며 특히 isorhamnetin은 88% (37 자원)가 검출한계치 (0.05 ug/mg) 미만이었다. 토마토 잎 추출물의 항산화 활성과 flavone aglycones 함량의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성은 높은 정의 상관을 보였으며, 이 두 활성 모두 myricetin과 정의 상관을 나타냈다. 또한 총 flavone aglycones 함량은 quercetin, naringenin, isorhamnetin과 높은 정의 상관을 보였다. 이 연구 결과를 토대로 토마토 잎의 기능성 소재로의 이용 가능성을 확인 할 수 있었고 토마토 부산물 활용을 위한 다양한 활용 방안 수립에 도움이 될 것으로 사료 된다.

This research was attempted to determine the composition of flavone glycosides (luteolin 7-O-glucoside, luteolin 7-O-glucuronide, linarin) in addition to luteolin simultaneously in aerial part of Youngia japonica (Compositae) by high-performance liquid chromatography. The MeOH extract was further fractionated into the three parts, CHCl3 fraction, EtOAc fraction and BuOH fraction, to investigate the contents of the four flavones in the three fractions. The content of luteolin 7-O-glucuronide (10.07 mg/g) was highest in the MeOH extract among those of the flavones. These four compounds were observed to be less than 1.0 mg/g in CHCl3- and EtOAc fractions but relatively high in BuOH fraction.