A major task for the teacher is to engage students in three kinds of learning: learning of language, learning through language, and learning about language (Halliday, 1979). Therefore, in order to help students learn and use language effectively, teachers themselves need explicit knowledge of language, and need to be aware of what students are trying to achieve and learn. There have been many classroom research investigations into this issue with respect to the role of the first language (L1) in facilitating learning (Osman and Hannafin 1994; Johnson 1997). Classroom-oriented research has led to an increased awareness of the great complexity of both the language used and the learning process. Classroom language can be investigated systematically and no longer needs to be regarded as “an impenetrable black box” (Long 1983 a, 1983 b). Transcripts, coded data and frequency counts can show how classroom interaction develops as it is a dynamic phenomenon (Allwright and Bailey 1991). Marton and Booth (1997, p.107) described learning as ‘a way of coming to experience the world in a certain way, and different ways of experiencing will lead to different learning outcomes’. Marton and Tsui (2004) linked classroom discourse to learning, coining the term “space of learning”: “The second premise is that language plays a central role in learning: that it does not merely convey meaning, it also creates meaning. An understanding of how the space of learning is linguistically constituted in the classroom is best achieved through investigating “classroom discourse”. This research observed and collected data from two different primary four classes taught by two teachers of the same school on the same topic on Chinese words. Multiple data from multiple sources were used for analysis. This paper will discuss how the difference usage of discourse in the classroom could bring about different learning outcomes.

清末民初，大量由日人創製的新詞譯詞隨日譯外國書籍及留日中國士子傳入中國；八九十年代，日語新詞隨日本的流行文化和技術，傳入中港臺等地，掀起日語新詞滲入漢語的第二個高潮。中日之間過去有過大規模的語言接觸，令兩種語言之間存在大量的同形詞。沈國威(2010)指出中日同形詞佔46.9%**。 日本文化廳(1978)《中国語と対応する漢語》中所收錄的詞彙裡，75%為同形詞，當中大部份更屬於詞義相同或非常接近的「S(Same)」類***。母語的正遷移作用令漢語母語話者「望文生義」，較易掌握日語中的漢字詞彙。然而，以漢語中的知識理解日本漢語詞彙，其實容易造成詞義理解上的偏差和誤解，因為中日同形詞中還有一些詞義不同的同形異義詞。本文將以21世紀(2000至2008)的報刊、雜誌為對象，探討「日語借詞」在香港社會的使用概況、特點和背後的原因等，藉以了解香港日語學習者在「中日夾雜」的語言環境下，掌握日語漢字詞彙的困難。

글로벌화의 영향에 의해, 제2언어의 학습은 갈수록 중요해지고 있다. 홍콩의 특 수한 언어 환경 속에서, 남아시아계 학생들의 중문 학습은 홍콩 각계의 관심 있는 의제이다. 본 연구는 중국어의 듣기와 말하기, 읽기, 쓰기 능력을 배양하는 과정 중, 홍콩 의 남아시아계 학생들이 쓰기 방면에서 큰 어려움이 존재한다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 남아시아계 학생들은 한자 쓰기 학습에서 많은 어려움에 직면하고 있다. 대 표적으로 나타나는 문제는 “쓸 줄 모른다” 혹은 “잘못 씀”의 경우로 나타나는데, “쓸 줄 모름”은 또한 두 종류로 분류된다. 즉, 학생이 중국 문자를 쓰는 것을 모르 는 상황에서, 혹은 병음을 사용하여 대체하기도 하고, 혹은 쓰지 않는 경우가 나타 난다. 또한, “잘못 씀”은 대개 6가지 경우로 분류되는데, 자의적으로 한자 쓰기, 필획을 더하거나 빼기, 부건을 빠뜨리고 쓰기, 동음 형성자를 뒤섞어 쓰기, 형태가 비슷한 다른 자를 뒤섞어 쓰기, 글자와 글자를 합하여 하나의 한자로 쓰기 등의 오류이다. 본고는 이러한 오류를 유형화하여 제시함으로써, 향후 한자교육이 나아 갈 방향에 대해 논의해 보고자 한다.

This study was conducted to investigate and analyze food related and space related elements of popular Vietnamese restaurants in Hong Kong to identify restaurant images related to food, to examine how Vietnamese traditions are applied to such restaurants, and ultimately, to get their implications for us. Luxury Vietnamese restaurants in Hong Kong tended to be located in major office buildings and famous shopping malls in the downtown area; therefore, they were highly accessible to foreigners. In addition, most Vietnamese restaurants were quite formal in size or atmosphere. The food-related elements of the luxury restaurants reproduced traditional menus, but the table setting and service generally adopted a formal Western style setting. The presentation of foods was also creative and contemporary, to suit international customers' tastes. Regarding the spatial elements, restaurants serving traditional menus had interiors influenced by the French colonial period, while those serving contemporarily adapted menus had interiors with simple contemporary images emphasized by Vietnamese traditional decorations. These characteristics allowed foreigners from diverse countries to access the restaurants without a sense of rejection. Casual restaurants were primarily exposed to many people on busy roadsides, but they tended to be inferior in terms of size and quality. Apart from size and price level, food-related elements failed to reflect Vietnamese unique traditional characteristics. The outward appearance consisted of basic construction materials (glass, chassis, and bamboo) instead of those representing Vietnamese architecture. Additionally, the interior of the casual restaurants contained traditional elements or objects more frequently than luxury restaurants, but they looked rather disorderly and lacked harmony. Overall, the image of casual restaurants was degraded by the use of cheap and low quality finishing materials and furniture. The results of this study may be useful for organizations promoting the Branding of Korea or businesspeople and designers promoting the globalization of Korean foods.

The purpose of this article is to research how women - especially housewives and housemaids - are described in relation to domestic/caring labor in Hong Kong fictions after 1997, and to estimate in which state the Hong Kong fictions are located on this matter regarding the gender equality problem. Although there has been improvement to the domestic gender equality in Hong Kong, it still is mostly the housewives who take full responsibility on domestic labor. The image of women as those dedicated to domestic labor is still being repetitively reproduced in Hong Kong fictions too. Moreover housewives are often narrated as unreasonable, irrational, unproductive beings, those who have no other choices but to do house chores and depend on their husbands. Furthermore, to housemaids (‘菲傭’) as social agent of domestic labor, the injustice of reification on women is done in the fiction as well as in the real world. Even the relationship of controlling and being controlled is built between housewives and housemaids of the same gender. Hong Kong fictions do not yet give enough attention to the significance of domestic/caring labor, which women still are entirely responsible to, on the issue of gender equality. Nonetheless, it is clear that Hong Kong fictions are showing the possibility of improvement on this matter.

This paper reports a part of research work on earthquake resistance consideration in regions of moderate seismicity, which is being carried out in the Department of Civil Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology. The possible seismic hazard in Hong Kong, which is located in a region of moderate seismicity, is described. A case study is presented to compare the wind and earthquake effects on Hong Kong buildings and to assess whether seismic analysis and desing is necessary for building structure. Potential problems of reinforced concrete buildings under earthquake effects in regions of moderate seismicity are discussed.

The purpose of this research is to review historical development of Islamic finance in individual East Asian economies, including China, Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong, and examine the success factors of the Hong Kong Sukuk issuances in 2014-2017. The research is a qualitative study applying case study method. It is found that the East Asian economies do play efforts to develop their Islamic capital markets although they have very limited size of Muslim population. Their progress on this development generally remains to be slow. The Hong Kong Sukuk is a breakthrough, carrying a total issuance value of US$3 billion. The Sukuk issuances, treated as a kind of asset-backed securities with restrictions on financing purposes, are distributed to international investors by investment banks from Hong Kong, Middle East and Malaysia. Success factors of these issuances include involvement of an issuer with high credit quality, recognition by central bank for using the Sukuk in its discount facility for commercial banks, centralized clearing services for the Sukuk and global banking network for underwriting the Sukuk. The lessons from the Hong Kong Sukuk are good references for other economies to develop their regional Islamic capital markets and to integrate the markets into the global capital market.

현재 중국의 경제가 고속도로 발전함에 따라 중국 대륙의 도시들이 자신의 경쟁력을 높이고 더 많은 기회를 잡기 위해 도시 이미지 로고의 구축과 홍보를 갈수록 중시하고 있다. 본 연구는 중국 대륙의 성급(省级)행정구역의 성도 도시 로고를 선택하여 로고 형태와 로고 색채 등 두 가지 요소에 중심을 두고 로고 디자인의 기본적 함의, 로고의 형태, 색채의 표현기법과 지역 특징을 결합시켜서 홍콩의 도시 브랜드 로고와 비교 분석을 하였다. 본 연구는 홍콩의 도시 브랜드 로고 시스템이 도시의 전체 이미지와 함의를 향상시키는 데 발휘하는 역할을 논술하면서 홍콩 도시 브랜드의 성공 요인과 중국 대륙도시 이미지 로고 디자인의 현황 및 특징을 정리하였다. 또한 중국 대륙 도시 로고 이미지 디자인 분야에 존재하는 문제점을 비교 분석하고 이런 부족함이 생긴 구체적인 원인도 밝혀냈다. 이를 통해 시사점을 얻어 앞으로의 도시 로고 디자인이 도시 브랜드 이미지를 더욱 잘 보여줄 수 있도록 참고를 제공하기를 기대한다.

This paper discusses the strategies for the future qf the Hong Kong Port and Buasn Port. We assess whether they prepare the ports for the position of being the logistics hub, and as such could assist the ports to maintain their position in the world's container port. We reviewed both the current situation qf the Hong Kong Port and the strategy of the port for the future (Master Plan 2020) to keep the status of logistics hub. With the case study on the Port of Hong Kong, this study attempts to examine what the strategic planning is needed for the Busan Port. We debate the Port of Busan could be seen as a logistics chain for the future. In our discussion, the strategic planning on "Port Vision 2020" for Port of Busan does not address the issues regarding this part, nor does it make any recommendations in terms of the requirement of the logistics private sector.