PURPOSES : This study is conducted to evaluate the development of materials for extinguishing ESS(Energy Storage System) fires in electric vehicles using industrial byproducts. METHODS : Grout containing an appropriate amount of fly ash, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, and ferronikel slag, which are industrial byproducts, was prepared. The fluidity, stress, and mechanical properties were evaluated in accordance with standard test methods. RESULTS : The fluidity of the materials used for the evolution of ESS fires differed depending on the material of the industrial byproducts. In the case of blast furnace slag, its fluidity is low owing to viscosity even when it content is high, and the use of ferronikelsrag is shown to be suitable for the evolution of ESS fires in fluidity and curing tests. CONCLUSIONS : Fire-extinguishing materials using industrial byproducts require a long curing time but exhibit the fluidity required for ESS fire extinguishment. In particular, the curing and fluidity of Peronikel slag and fly ash are suitable for ESS fire extinguishing.

Since the gene expression interference induced by dsRNA was discovered, dsRNA has been considered as an antiviral agent and pesticide to protect beneficial insects and crops, respectively. Recently, dsRNA was classified as IRAC mode of action group 35, and the first dsRNA pesticide, Calatha of GreenLight Bioscience, has been approved by EPA. Also an animal drug for Asian honeybee, HoneyGuard-R of Genolution is about to be approved by APQA. During the last two decades, hundreds of papers already had demonstrated the application and capability of dsRNA for agriculture, however, we have just a few commercialized products at hand at this moment. It is time to understand the processes, hurdles and limitations on the industry side that are indispensable for the development, registration and commercialization of dsRNA-based products.

Code-compliant seismic design should be essentially applied to realize the so-called emulative performance of precast concrete (PC) lateral force-resisting systems, and this study developed simple procedures to design precast industrial buildings with intermediate precast bearing wall systems considering both the effect of seismic and blast loads. Seismic design provisions specified in ACI 318 and ASCE 7 can be directly adopted, for which the so-called 1.5S y condition is addressed in PC wall-to-wall and wall-to-base connections. Various coupling options were considered and addressed in the seismic design of wall-to-wall connections for the longitudinal and transverse design directions to secure optimized performance and better economic feasibility. On the other hand, two possible methods were adopted in blast analysis: 1) Equivalent static analysis (ESA) based on the simplified graphic method and 2) Incremental dynamic time-history analysis (IDTHA). The ESA is physically austere to use in practice for a typical industrial PC-bearing wall system. Still, it showed an overestimating trend in terms of the lateral deformation. The coupling action between precast wall segments appears to be inevitably required due to substantially large blast loads compared to seismic loads with increasing blast risk levels. Even with the coupled-precast shear walls, the design outcome obtained from the ESA method might not be entirely satisfactory to the drift criteria presented by the ASCE Blast Design Manual. This drawback can be overcome by addressing the IDTHA method, where all the design criteria were fully satisfied with precast shear walls’ non-coupling and group-coupling strength, where each individual or grouped shear fence was designed to possess 1.5S y for the seismic design.

Yeosu National Industrial Complex is one of Korea’s representative petrochemical industrial complexes where crude oil refining and petrochemical companies are concentrated. According to the results of the 2021 chemical emissions survey, during the process of manufacturing, storage, and transportation at the Yeosu National Industrial Complex, various hazardous chemicals, including hazardous air pollutants, volatile organic compounds and odorous substances are being emitted into the air, affecting the surrounding environment and the health of residents. The Ministry of Environment is applying strengthened standards by designating the Yeosu National Industrial Complex as an air conservation special measure area and establishing odor management areas to manage the air environment. Nevertheless, odor complaints continue to be registered and related complaints increase when turnaround work is carried out. Since air emissions are not counted during periods of turnaround as normal operations are temporarily suspended, it was difficult to establish policies to reduce odor complaints because the source of emissions and emission quantities cannot be ascertained with certainty. In this study, the extensive Yeosu National Industrial Complex was subdivided into 4 areas using a mobile vehicle equipped with PTR-ToF-MS capable of real-time analysis without sample pretreatment being carried out. Measurements were repeated during the day, night, and dawn while moving around the internal boundary of the plant and the boundary of each region where turnaround activities were being carried out. As a result, the recorded measurement for acrylonitrile was the highest at 6340.0 ppb and propyne and propene were measured the most frequently at 128 times each. Based on these results, it will be possible to help reduce emissions through process improvement by efficiently operating air measurement networks and odor surveys that conduct regular measurements throughout the year and providing actual measurement data to the plant. Also, it will help reduce odor complaints and establish systematic air management policies.

This study addresses the environmental impact associated with waste management and natural aggregate production. It explores the potential of utilizing Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Aggregate (RAPA) as complete replacements, respectively, for fine and coarse aggregates in concrete. Despite their similarities to natural aggregates, CBA and RAPA often end up in landfills. Laboratory tests were conducted, revealing satisfactory performance in drying shrinkage and air void parameters. However, while the flexural strength met design requirements, the compressive and splitting tensile strengths were lower than predicted. The deviation in strength development behavior from natural aggregate concrete (NAC) was attributed to weak agglomerated aggregates in RAPA and the large size of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) due to the old asphalt coating surrounding RAPA. To enhance the strength behavior, two methods were employed: compaction in the form of roller-compacted concrete and RAPA abrasion carried out by rolling RAPA in a concrete mixer. Compaction improved aggregate interlock, while RAPA abrasion decreased agglomerated aggregates and minimized asphalt coating, reducing ITZ size. These treatments resulted in improvements in compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths, with the combination of both treatments having the most significant effect. Analysis of relationships between flexural, splitting tensile, and compressive strengths indicated that CBA and RAPA concrete behaved more similarly to NAC after the treatments. This research suggests that with appropriate interventions, it is feasible to utilize CBA and RAPA in concrete, contributing to sustainable construction through improved waste management, carbon footprint reduction, and conservation of natural resources.

Fluorine (F) recovery from wet process phosphoric acid (WPA) is essential for sustainable resource utilization and environmental protection. This work systematically investigates the F recovery mechanism by air stripping from three simulated systems: H3PO4- H2SiF6-H2O, H3PO4- HF-H2O, H3PO4- H2SiF6-HF-Al3+-H2O, and from two industrial systems: WPA and WPA-Al3+ under different stripping temperatures (60–110 ℃) and stripping times (0–120 min). The influence on the existence form of F, the content of Al3+ cations and the addition of active silica on the F removal rate in the phosphoric acid solution is studied by analyzing the changes in the contents of F, P and Si. The results indicate that the F in the form of H2SiF6 is more easily released from the phosphoric acid solution than that in the form of HF. While, the release of F is inhibited in the presence of the Al3+ in the solution due to the formation of Al-F complexes that are characterized by 19F NMR, 31Si NMR and FTIR techniques. Interestingly, the addition of active silica can promote the conversion of HF to H2SiF6 in the solution and significantly improve the release rate of F. The researching results can provide an important guidance for industrial practice of WPA.

Industrial complex areas are an important factor that contributes to economic development. However, these areas also produce a significant amount of noxious air pollutants. In particular, PM10 emitted from industrial complex areas can lead to detrimental effects on human health. This study was conducted to survey environmental conditions and measure the concentration of PM10 in indoor and outdoor living spaces in Yeosu and Gwangyang. In Yeosu, the level of PM10 concentration in indoor living spaces was measured at 49.38 μg/m3, while the outdoor level was measured at 43.60 μg/m3. In Gwangyang, the PM10 concentration in indoor living spaces was measured at 20.08 μg/m3 while the outdoor measurement came to 18.14 μg/m3. When analyzing the percentage of those who were highly concerned with environmental pollution among a survey group of 200 people, Yeosu City had a rate of 76.5%, while Gwangyang City had a comparable rate of 73%. When looking at the time-activity patterns of residents in both locations, Yeosu residents spend more than 80.0% of their time inside their living spaces, while Gwangyang residents spend more than 70.0% of time inside their living spaces. These high rates are largely due to the fact that most of the residents of these areas are elderly. In both Yeosu and Gwangyang, it was found that 40% of residents use TV and radio rather than newspapers or handouts to obtain information about environmental pollution problems in their area.

This study attempted to provide implications by analyzing the impact of business Owner’s safety commitment on industrial accidents and examining the mediating role of management supervisors’ safety leadership and worker participation. Analysis was conducted on 2,067 manufacturing sites with 20 to 50 employees in the 10th Occupational Safety and Health Survey data. SPSS waw used to secure the reliability of the measurement variable. Hypothesis vertification was carried out after securing the suitability and validity of the structural model using AMOS. The direct impact of three latent variables on industrial accidents was confirmed: the business owner’s safety commitment, the management supervisor’s safety leadership, and the worker participation. The employer’s safety will and the management supervisor’s safety leadership do not directly affect industial accidents, but it has been verified that worker participation has a diret impact on industrial accident reduction. In addition, it has been confirmed that the safety leadership and worker participation of the management. Supervior have a complete mediating effect on the reduction of industrial accidents by mediating with the safety leadership of the management supervior and the participation of the workers. This study analyzed the impact on industrial accidents by dividing the stakeholders constituting the workplace into three classes: business owners, superviors, and workers, but the results suggest that employers and all workers inside the workplace may be organically linked to achieving the goal of reducing industrial accidents. Therefore, in order to establish an autonomous safety management system for safety and health at workerplaces, efforts are needed to reduce industrial accidents in their respective location by forming an organic community among internal stakeholders.

In recent years, there has been a growing trend of occupational accidents involving foreign workers. As the number of foreign workers continues to increase, the risk of occupational accidents is also on the rise. Therefore, it is crucial to take proactive measures to prevent occupational accidents among foreign workers. To establish a common safety culture among foreign workers with varied backgrounds and educational experiences, and which is harmonized with Korean workplace. Safety communication, which includes culture respect and participation in the workplace, plays a significant role in shaping and developing the safety culture of foreign workers. Therefore, this study aims to assess the level of safety culture in workplace employing foreign workers by analyzing the reliability and validity of factors such as 'occupational accident awareness' and 'safety communication,' which constitute the safety culture at these workplace. Additionally, the mediating effect of 'work proficiency' on the relationship between 'safety communication' and the level of improvement in 'occupational accident awareness' using the validation method proposed by Baron & Kenny(1986). As a result of statistical analysis, The influence of‘safety communication’on‘occupational accident awareness’is β=0.339, and it has been found that this influence decreases to β=0.113 when‘work proficiency’is introduced, indicating partial mediation.

Working with molten metal has always been and will always be a dangerous workplace. No matter how carefully equipment is designed, workers are trained and procedures are followed, the possibility of an accident can occur in melting workplace. Some primary causes of melt splash and furnace eruptions include wet or damp charge material, dropping heavy charge into a molten bath, wet or damp tools or additives and sealed scrap or centrifugally cast scrap rolls. Induction melting brings together three things (water, molted metal and electricity) that have the potential for concern if the furnace is not properly working. Induction furnace must have a water cooling system built into the coil itself. Water picks up the heat caused by the current as well as heat conducted from the metal through the refractory. The water carries the heat to a heat exchange for removal. Spill pits serve to contain any molten metal spilled as a result of accident, run out or dumping of the furnace in an emergency. If a leak is suspected at any time, cease operation and clear the melt deck area of all personnel and empty the furnace. Molten metal fins can penetrate worn or damaged refractory and come into contact with the coil. A furnace or a close capture hood which suddenly swings down from a tilted position will cause injury or death. Whenever workers are working on a furnace or close capture hood when it is in the tilted position, be sure that it is supported with a structural brace that is strong enough to keep it from dropping if hydraulic pressure is lost. In theory refractory wear should be uniform, however, in practice this never occurs. The most causes of lining failure are improper installation of refractory material, inadequate sintering of refractory material, failure to monitor and record normal lining wear, allowing the lining to become too thin, installation of the wrong refractory, improper preheating of a used cold lining, failure to properly maintain the furnace the sudden or cumulative effects of physical shocks or mechanical stress, and excessive slag or dross buildup. Pouring cradles provide bottom support for crucibles. A crack in the crucible occur below the bottom ring support, the bottom of the crucible can drop and molten metal will spill and splash, possibly causing serious injury or death. To reduce this danger, a pouring cradle that provides bottom support for the crucible must be used. Power supply units must have safety locks and interlocks on all doors and access panels. Workers who work with low voltage devices must be made aware of the risk posed by high levels of voltage and current. The most causes of accidents are introduction of wet or damp material, improper attention to charging, failure to stand behind safety lines, coming into contact with electrically charged components and lack of operator skills and training. Only trained and qualified personnel are to have access to high risk areas. Safety lockout systems are another effective measure to prevent electrical shock

This study examines the persistent decline of the motorcycle industry despite governmental interventions, using the perspective of path dependency. Drawing from W. B. Arthur's concept of 'Lock-in by insignificant historical events', the research delves into the lock-in phenomena within the industry's life cycle. We identified path dependency lock-in categories: contingency, historicity, and technological lock-in. The industry's licensing production method during its embryonic phase led to limited technological capabilities, establishing a technological path dependency. During the currency crisis and in alignment with China's open-door policy, the industry chose to import cheaper components, opting for economies of scale over technological innovation, intensifying the lock-in. Furthermore, the classification of motorcycle as a free industry before the currency crisis resulted in a lack of governmental support. This neglect has continued, with even modern electric motorcycle facing regulation. In conclusion, to overcome this entrenched path dependency and lock-in, significant governmental policy restructuring is essential.

Industrial complexes are areas where manufacturing companies are integrated, and logistics between tenant companies play a very important role, but idle resources can occur depending on the situation if each company operates independently. Accordingly, this study aimed to reduce overall logistics costs and increase corporate productivity by looking at ways to share and utilize logistics resources such as warehouses and transportation equipment to efficiently utilize logistics resources in industrial complexes and implementing a logistics sharing platform that can share these idle resources. To this end, this study conducted a research survey on the logistics status of manufacturing companies in Ulsan-Mipo Industrial Complex, based on this analysis, the necessity of logistics resource types and utilization of industrial complex resident companies, and based on this, a service model for logistics resource sharing was studied. In addition, it was intended to analyze the operational characteristics of the existing logistics system to derive improvements and to derive optimal measures to utilize information on shared idle resources. This study confirmed the importance of sharing and utilizing idle resources to optimize logistics resources in industrial complexes, and is expected to contribute to reducing logistics costs and increasing logistics efficiency of tenant companies.

HNS(Hazardous and Noxious Substances)는 해양환경에 유입될 경우 인간 및 해양생물에게 해를 끼치거나, 해양시설에 부식 등의 손상을 입히거나 기타 해역의 이용을 방해할 수 있다. HNS의 규제나 관리를 위해서는 과학적인 방법을 통하여 우선순위 대상의 선정이 필요하며 이러한 방법론으로 CRS(Chemical Ranking and Scoring)기법이 전세계적으로 개발되어 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 해양산업시 설로부터 해양환경으로 배출되는 HNS의 체계적 관리를 목적으로 국내외 CRS 체계를 비교 분석하였으며, 이를 통하여 우선순위 선정 도 출체계를 확립하고 연구대상 지역 및 대상시설을 선정하고 우선순위 선정체계 주요인자를 도출하였다. 또한 주요인자별 세부인자 및 정 량적 배점체계를 구축하였다. 주요인자는 각각 사회적 관심과 이슈(20점), 물질거동(10점), 노출가능성(30점), 독성(35점), 해양이용에의 영 향(5점)을 상대적으로 부여하였으며, 독성과 물질거동 세부인자의 곱을 통하여 100점만점으로 환산가능하도록 적용하였으며, 불확실성점 수(Uncertainty score)와 불확실성 비율(Uncertainty ratio)와 혼합물에 대한 고려방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구결과는 해양산업시설로부터 배출/ 유출되는 HNS 관리를 위하여 우선순위 선정시 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구는 해양산업시설에서 배출되는 위험·유해물질(Hazardous and Noxious Substances) 중 아연을 대상으로 국내 서식종을 기반 으로 한 독성시험을 수행하고, 그 결과를 활용하여 국내 실정에 맞는 아연의 해양 수질 준거치(Marine Water Quality Criteria)를 제안하였다. 시험생물은 국내 연근해에 분포하고 산업적으로 유용하며, 표준 시험방법이 존재하는 종을 우선으로 5개의 분류군(Algae, Rotifer, Crustacean, Mollusc, Fish)의 총 10종을 선정하여 독성시험을 수행하였으며, 급·만성비(Acute-Chronic Ratio) 산출을 위하여 무척추동물, 어류 분류군에 대한 만성독성시험을 수행하였다. 국내종 독성시험에서 산출된 독성값을 활용한 수질준거치는 US EPA의 CCC (Criterion Continuous Concentration) 산출 기준으로 9.56 ㎍/L, 호주/뉴질랜드의 산출 기준으로 15.50 ㎍/L 로 나타나 호주/뉴질랜드에서 권고하는 기준인 14.40 ㎍/L 와 유사하였다. US EPA 및 호주/뉴질랜드는 자국의 생태독성 데이터베이스(US EPA Ecotox Database, Australasian Ecotoxicology Database)를 보유하고, 신뢰도 높은 독성값들을 생성하여 수질 기준 및 산출 기준을 갱신하고 있다. 한편, 국내에서는 국내종 기반 급성 독 성값을 적용하고 있지만, 중요한 산출 지표인 급·만성비는 US EPA 또는 유럽의 결과값을 활용하여 해양 수질 준거치를 산출하고 있으며, 국내의 생태독성 자료 또한 제한적인 실정이다. 따라서, 국내 해양 서식종을 기반으로 한 지속적인 독성시험과 준거치 설정 체계를 확보하 여 국내 해양생물과 생태계를 보호할 수 있는 해양 수질 준거치 도출이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

The advent of big data has brought about the need for analytics. Natural language processing (NLP), a field of big data, has received a lot of attention. Topic modeling among NLP is widely applied to identify key topics in various academic journals. The Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering (KSIE) has published academic journals since 1978. To enhance its status, it is imperative to recognize the diversity of research domains. We have already discovered eight major research topics for papers published by KSIE from 1978 to 1999. As a follow-up study, we aim to identify major topics of research papers published in KSIE from 2000 to 2022. We performed topic modeling on 1,742 research papers during this period by using LDA and BERTopic which has recently attracted attention. BERTopic outperformed LDA by providing a set of coherent topic keywords that can effectively distinguish 36 topics found out this study. In terms of visualization techniques, pyLDAvis presented better two-dimensional scatter plots for the intertopic distance map than BERTopic. However, BERTopic provided much more diverse visualization methods to explore the relevance of 36 topics. BERTopic was also able to classify hot and cold topics by presenting ‘topic over time’ graphs that can identify topic trends over time.

As the importance of artificial intelligence grows rapidly and emerges as a leader in technology, it is becoming an important variable in the next-generation industrial system along with the robot industry. In this study, a safety system was developed using deep learning technology to provide worker safety in a robot workplace environment. The implemented safety system has multiple cameras installed with various viewing directions to avoid blind spots caused by interference. Workers in various scenario situations were detected, and appropriate robot response scenarios were implemented according to the worker's risk level through IO communication. For human detection, the YOLO algorithm, which is widely used in object detection, was used, and a separate robot class was added and learned to compensate for the problem of misrecognizing the robot as a human. The performance of the implemented system was evaluated by operator detection performance by applying various operator scenarios, and it was confirmed that the safety system operated stably.