본 연구는 독일어권의 사물인터넷을 이용한 데이터 거래와 블록체인 기술로 인한 사회혁신을 조망하고자 한다. 먼저, 독일어권 국가에서의 빅 데이터와 블록체인 기술의 활용을 조사하기 위해 문헌 연구 및 선행 연 구 검토가 수행되었다. 또한, 데이터레이드(Datarade)와 같은 독일의 데 이터 회사 및 정부의 데이터 경제 관련 프로젝트(GAIA-X)에 대한 사례 연구가 진행되었다. 이를 통해 독일에서의 데이터 및 블록체인 활용 현 황을 파악하고, 각 산업 분야에서의 적용 사례를 식별하였다. 금융 산업 에서는 블록체인 기술을 활용하여 계좌 번호 및 구매 세부 정보를 안전 하게 저장하고 있으며, 부동산 산업에서는 임대 계약, 임대료 결제 확인 등을 블록체인을 통해 효율적으로 관리하고 있다. 특히 교육 부문에서 블록체인 기술의 활용에 대한 현지 사례 및 연구 결과를 종합하여 분석 하였다. 블록체인의 보안이라는 장점을 살려 학습자의 학습 성과나 평가, 성적 증명, 학습낙오자나 성적부진자의 학습활동 추적, 부정행위 방지, 스마트 계약을 통한 과제 관리, 평생학습증 및 학습이력부 제공 등의 방 식으로 이미 독일은 교육계에 혁신을 이루어나가고 있다. 교육 부문에서 의 이러한 조사 방법을 통해 독일에서의 기술 혁신 및 사회적 변화에 대 한 종합적인 이해를 제공하고자 한다. 이러한 결과들은 독일정부 주도의 데이터거래와 블록체인 분야의 기술혁신의 효과를 입증하기에 한국정부 의 산업혁신에도 활용할 수 있는 중요한 통찰을 제공할 것이다.

Recent, there has been a need for a terminal device with artificial intelligence to detect emergency situations in various means of transportation to prevent overdischarge of the battery even when parking the vehicle for a long time so that the driver can properly prepare. The transmission system, which guides the situation and location information of the vehicle, uses AHD video technology and RTOS technology to reduce the load of wireless networks by increasing the video playback rate through UDP implementation by WiFi, and stabilizes through wireless networks and low-power sensors using LoRa services.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to improve the performance of concrete pavements by measuring the unit-water content with an Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based unit-water content measurement device at an increased precision compared with that of existing measuring equipment. METHODS : We calculated the properties of concrete that varied according to variations in the unit-water content. To confirm the change in the performance of concrete pavements, we compared and analyzed the fatigue cracking rate and international roughness index of concrete pavements at the 20-year point of public use according to the changes in properties using the Korea Pavement Research Program(KPRP). RESULTS : We confirmed that IoT-based measurement equipment can improve the performance of pavements without changing their mixing designs or specifications. We confirmed that the performance of the concrete pavements changed significantly, even with unit-water content variations within the range of quality standards. According to IoT-based unit-water content management, we confirmed that the performance of the concrete pavement (fatigue cracking rate and international roughness index) improved without changing the mixing design. CONCLUSIONS : We confirmed that by using IoT-based unit-water content management, pavement performance can be improved. It is necessary to consider whether the application of this concept to other concrete property management items, such as the chloride content, is possible. Considering the changes in concrete properties according to the unit-water content based on laboratory tests and considerations of various load conditions will be necessary for future research.

PURPOSES : Currently, the domestic construction industry is dominated by large-scale projects such as roads, ports, airports, and buildings. Construction on such projects is generally conducted simultaneously, but the process and quality management are led by a small number of responsible managers. In the case of road pavements, owing to rapid industrial development, economic growth, and the expansion of social overhead capital investment in the road construction industry, highways and general national roads have been constructed on a large scale. Therefore, this study aimed to improve and develop domestic concrete production and construction quality management by improving the reliability and transparency of production quality management and simplifying business processes. This was accomplished through the development of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based cement quality management system capable of automated design and build (D/B) construction and real-time monitoring. METHODS : The "IQ" system is a quality management system for enabling real-time monitoring of D/B quality at the time of concrete production and according to the designated age by utilizing quality test equipment developed with an LTE-Bluetooth function. It is possible to immediately identify and respond to quality problems through real-time monitoring, secure a reliable quality D/B because the quality test results cannot be arbitrarily manipulated, and to simplify the work process through the automatic D/B construction. In addition, improved quality control can be achieved through real-time information sharing and feedback system operations between contractors, managers, and personnel involved in construction. The quality control test items for developing the IQ system are the compression and flexural strengths, as these can be used to determine the design standard strength of pre-curing concretes (such as their slump and unit quantity) and the adequacy of the workability and durability, as well as the air volume to predict the durability, and the chloride content in the sections where reinforcement is used. CONCLUSIONS : This study identified difficulties and limitations in quality management according to the operation method in the domestic quality management systems, and in the real-time monitoring between managers and contractors. Thus, it was necessary to establish an improved systematic and reliable quality management system. The IQ system was developed to solve this problem.

PURPOSES : In this study, an existing speed-controlled Marshall stability tester was systemized as an Internet of Things(IoT) system. The Marshall stability test data were transmitted to the cloud in real-time, and an IoT optional-controlled board capable of additional load and displacement control was proposed. METHODS : The IoT systemization was built based on an improvement of an IoT height measuring system, the re-verification of standard samples for comparative analysis, and the development of a wireless IG-IoT board. The developed wireless Induk-GeoTS(IG)-IoT board was compared with existing commercial data logger using displacement- and load- calibration equipment. After the conformity of the developed wireless IoT board was established, a urethane standard sample was reproduced and verified using the recipe presented in a previous study to conduct a round-robin test. In addition, the adequacy of the speed, load, and displacement control tests for the optional-controlled characteristics was verified. the round-robin test for the Marshall stability and deformation strength and the comparative test of indirect tensile strength with the existing Marshall tester were performed using the re-verified standard sample. RESULTS : The improved two-point IoT height measurement system reduced the average relative error by 2.11% relative to the one-point measurement. From the re-verification results of the regenerated urethane standard sample, it was suitable with relative error of 3.65% in the loading elastic modulus and 4.07% in the unloading elastic modulus, compared to the existing standard sample. From the comparative analysis of the developed wireless IG-IoT board and existing commercial data logger, it was confirmed that the wireless IoT board could be reliably used, based on the average relative error of the wireless IoT board, 0.64% and that of the data logger, 3.79% in terms of the displacement(flow value) and an average relative error of 0.78% for the wireless IoT board and 0.79% for the data logger in terms of the load(stability). By analyzing the optional-controlled characteristics, it was found that the Marshall stability speed control conditions were satisfied based on the error results, with an average relative value of 2.96% under deformation strength test condition of 30mm/min, 3.23% under the indirect tensile strength test condition of 50mm/min, and 2.6% under the Marshall stability test condition of 50.8mm/min. It was also found that proper control characteristics were obtained, with an average relative error of 0.72% within the experimental load range in the load control conditions, and an average relative error of 2.4% in the experimental displacement range in the displacement control conditions. The results from the round-robin Marshall stability and deformation strength testing to verify the applicability of the IoT optional-controlled board show that the data were reliable based on the 3σ quality control method. In addition, by comparing the results of the indirect tensile strength tests, the usability of the wireless IG-IoT board was verified, with an average relative error of 0.96%. CONCLUSIONS : The IoT height measuring system was improved, and a wireless IG-IoT board that can transmit test data to a cloud platform was developed. The usability of the developed wireless IoT board was verified by round-robin testing using a re-verified urethane specimen. The IG-IoT optional-controlled board extends the verified wireless IG-IoT board, it was developed and validated for not only the existing speed control, but also for load, and displacement control.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained enormous popularity in various fields of industry. An IoT shopping environment is considered an effective tool for convenient use by consumers. Perceived values (including convenience and privacy risks) of IoT shopping can be the main factors that influence consumers’ shopping intentions. The current study proposed a research model based on a value-based adoption model, which integrated perceived benefit and sacrifice, shopping attitude, and shopping intention in an IoT shopping environment. As potential customers, participants in their 20s and 30s were recruited through a marketing research firm. Responses collected via an online questionnaire validated the proposed research model and hypothesis. The results confirmed significant, positive relationships between perceived benefit, including both remote control and access convenience, and consumers’ positive attitudes toward IoT shopping. The association between perceived privacy risk and consumers’ shopping attitudes was not significant. The indirect effects of two benefits of IoT shopping on shopping intention were also significant and positive. From a practical perspective, this study can help marketers and service providers manage their IoT shopping platforms or applications more effectively to attract consumers. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed. Directions for future research and development of IoT shopping environment are suggested.

The flow of the 4th Industrial Revolution calls for the innovation of the traditional business models of the manufacturers. Servitization is a corporate strategy to respond to changes in the business environment. These days, the value that the market demands can be created on the basis of the product-service integration. Thus the manufacturers must pursue the fundamental innovation of the current strategy and business models. It is necessary to create common values with customers through providing product-service integrated offerings beyond the development, production, and delivery. The purpose of this study is to develop the evaluation indicators for selecting suppliers when the manufacturer who offers the value of product-service integration needs to obtain the resources from outside. The case company in this study is the manufacture firm conducting the retail IoT business as a new business. The Delphi method is used to develop the evaluation indicators for selecting suppliers. This study suggests the academic implications providing the perspective of Servitizaiton by using Delphi method, and the practical implications applying the creating value method of Servitization by collecting the opinions from both value providers and value consumers in the process of developing the evaluation indicators.

사물인터넷서비스는 서비스의 최종적인 제공을 위해 기기에서부터 정 보의 송수신의 기본이 되는 통신망, 서비스플랫폼까지 다양한 서비스단 계의 결합으로 구성되며 각 단계에서는 보안취약이나 관리부실 등 개별 적인 개인정보침해의 위협을 수반한다. 사물인터넷 서비스에서 개인정보 침해로 손해가 발생한 경우 기존의 정보통신서비스제공자인 사물인터넷 서비스 제공 사업자에게 사물인터넷이용계약 불이행에 따른 손해배상 및 불법행위책임으로서 손해배상책임을 부과하는 외에 개별 서비스제공단계 에서의 침해책임에 대해서는 계약을 기초로 하지 않는 경우가 일반적이 고 이에 따라 일반불법행위 책임이나 경우에 따라서는 제조물책임과 같 은 특수책임을 고려할 수 있다. 현재는 실제 서비스이용계약의 상대방인 기존의 정보통신망서비스 제공자가 서비스사업을 영위하는 경우가 대부 분이고 서비스제공에 있어서 이동통신망 서비스 제공에 따른 정보보호의 무(기존의 개인정보침해 상황과 동일) 범위 내에서만 책임을 부담하고 그 외의 부분에 대해서는 면책된다는 면책조항만을 이용자에게 제시하고 있다. 이에 사물인터넷이 하나의 서비스 제공을 위해 다수의 사업자가 결합되어 있다는 특이점에 집중해 개인정보 침해에 따른 손해 발생 시 이용자가 그 원인에 따라 용이하게 책임 주체인 사업자를 특정하고 손해 배상을 청구할 수 있을지에 대해 살펴보았다. 직접 사업자로서 계약상대 방이 되고 있는 통신망사업자에게는 기존의 정보통신관련법 및 민법상 계약책임·불법행위책임, 또는 관계 사업자들에 대해서는 일반 불법행위 책임으로서의 손해배상청구가 가능하다는 이론적 접근은 가능하지만 실 제로 이용자가 발생한 손해에 대해 효율적 구제를 받을 수 있을지 그 범 위는 어디까지인지 구체적으로 법정하기 어려운 면을 검토하였다. 사물 인터넷 서비스 제공자 지위를 인정하고 포괄적인 책임범위를 마련해야할 필요성, 관계사업자를 수범자로서 확대하는 것을 고려할 필요성에 대해 서도 검토하였다. 하지만 산업발전 초기에 이용자 보호측면에서의 책임 부담 강화가 역으로 서비스제공에 미치는 영향을 고려하지 않을 수 없고 관련해 산업정책적 측면에서는 서비스제공 상 책임부담 완화가 꾸준히 논의되어 온 만큼 정보보호와 산업발전을 함께 도모할 수 있도록 할 필 요성 및 그 예로 책임보험제도를 추가적인 검토사항으로 간략히 언급하 였다.

시대의 흐름과 '창조 경제'실현의 핵심 수단으로서 한국 정부는 지난 5월, 인터넷과 관련된 분야를 국가 전략으로 채택하여 초고속 연결 디지털 혁명 실현을 위한 인터넷 기본 계획을 발표했다. 이에 따라 정부는 소프트웨어 (SW), 센서, 기기 및 부품의 경쟁력 강화 전략을 수립하여 IoT(Internet of Things) 서비스 및 제품을 창출하고 혁신, 그리고 계획 단계에서부터 IoT의 서비스와 제품의 보안 내부화를 촉진할 수 있다. IoT 시장 규모는 2 조원, 3 조원, 30 조원으로 지속적으로 늘어날 것으로 예상되는 인터넷 환경은 사람들과 같이 모든 사물의 유무선 네트워크와 연계 하여 정보를 생성, 상호 수집, 공유 및 활용하는 것을 말한다. (센서) - 수집 (부품, 장치) - 정보 공유 (클라이드) - 정보 활용 능력 (빅 데이터) - 응용 소프트웨어 (SW) 등 모든 기술 및 서비스가 시장에 포함된다. IOT는 일자리 증가의 효과가 있을 것으로 예상되어 대중들의 관심을 끌고 있다. 이제는 기업 간의 비즈니스에서 전문 용어가 되었다. 미래의 IoT 시장은 성장하는 경향이 있는 사회 기반 시설 (유틸리티, 운송, 자동화 등) 및 안전 관리 부문의 라이프 스타일 서비스를 중심으로 소비자 부문으로 확대될 것으로 예상된다. 정교한 무선 통신 기술은 모든 객체 유닛을 통신 기능을 통해 연결함으로써 거대한 네트워크를 만들 것이다.

As one of recent issues in the information and communication industry, internet of things has attracted attention to provide intelligent infrastructure services which connect and share data and information between real and virtual world. According to the development of these internet of things technologies, types of machines, telecommunication devices, and terminals are increasing tremendously. In this situation, connectivity and interoperability between internet of things components are important issues to build a hyper connected society. To visualize this society, it is important to set up and develop information and communication technology (ICT) standards among stakeholders. However, under limited budget and human resources, it is essential to rank standardization work items for setting standards with respect to efficiency. The purpose of this study is to provide a method for setting standardization strategies within group decision making. As a multi-criteria group decision making tool, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is adopted and applied to determine the priorities of setting work items. The proposed method first defines decision making problem with objective, criteria, and alternatives which produces a hierarchy consisting of upper and lower criteria. Then, pairwise comparisons of academy and public sector experts are performed with respect to their relative meaning and importance. Individual surveys of expert groups are collected and summarized to determine relative criteria importance measures. Furthermore, to deliver reliable importance criteria measures, differences between academy and public sector expert groups are compared and tested using Mann-Whitney non-parametric test. The results are illustrated for useful guidelines to practical group decision making in standardization strategy establishments.

기술 표준은 기술적 특성과 사양에 대한 일종의 사회적 합의로서 기술의 발달 과 함께 모든 산업에 걸쳐 존속되어 왔으며 최근에는 정보통신 기술의 발달과 함께 기술의 상호호환성을 제공하고 시장의 우위를 선점할 수 있는 전략적인 요소로 각광받고 있다. 이에 기술 표준 연구(표준화 연구)는 기술 표준의 채택 과정과 이로 인한 경제적 효과를 분석하여 이론적 및 정책적 함의를 도출하는데 그 의의가 있다. 그러나 기존의 연구에서는 기술 고유 의 가치와 상호호환성에 대한 고려가 부족하다는 점에서 기술 중심의 분석 결과를 도출하는 데 있어 구조적 한계를 드러낸다. 본 연구는 기술 네트워크 분석을 통해 도출한 기술 차별화 정도와 기업별 기술 선호도 함 수를 두 단계 게임 이론 분석 방법에 반영하여 새로운 기술 중심 표준 연구 방법론을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 그 실증 사례로 사물인터넷의 무선 팬 기술을 선정하였으며, 본 연구 방법론을 통해 해당 시장의 기술 구조 및 표준 관련 함의를 도출하였다.

사물인터넷은 최근 가장 뜨겁게 정보통신업계를 흔들고 있는 트랜드이다. 수많은 사람이 사물인터넷을 말하고 있으며 이러한 제품들이 새롭게 등장하고 있다. 본 연구는 실질적인 전략과 국/내외 디자인 사례들을 통하여 사물인터넷이 우리의 문화생활에 어떻게 적용되고 있으며, 앞으로 산업과 사회를 새롭게 변화시키는 것에 초점을 맞추어 디자인 방향성을 제시하는 것이다. 또한, 기술적인 측면의 사물인터넷 예시들을 분석하여 한국의 수준과 방향성을 개인과 기업이 대비할 수 있도록 연구하는 것이 목적이다. 연구범위와 방법으로는 사물인터넷에 관한 이론적인 고찰을 시작으로 영역 간의 관계를 분석한다. 스마트 제조사들의 사물인터넷 영역 및 방향성에 관하여 분석하고 연구한다. 이에 따른 한국의 준비 수준과 방향성에 관하여 분석하고 연구한다. 블루오션을 창출하는 기업들의 활동을 조사하여 사물인터넷에 관하여 앞으로 준비해야 하는 것을 연구하는 것이다. 사물인터넷은 어떠한 의미를 담고 있으며, 기업들이 사물인터넷을 어떻게 활용하고 있는지 분석하고 연구한다. 그중에서 특히 다양한 디자인 제조기업들을 분석하여 결과적인 한국의 수준과 방향성을 연구해본다.

The main objective of this study was to assess the applicability of IoT (Internet of Things)-based flood management under climate change by developing intelligent water level monitoring platform based on IoT. In this study, Arduino Uno was selected as the development board, which is an open-source electronic platform. Arduino Uno was designed to connect the ultrasonic sensor, temperature sensor, and data logger shield for implementing IoT. Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) was selected as the Arduino software and used to develop the intelligent algorithm to measure and calibrate the real-time water level automatically. The intelligent water level monitoring platform consists of water level measurement, temperature calibration, data calibration, stage-discharge relationship, and data logger algorithms. Water level measurement and temperature calibration algorithm corrected the bias inherent in the ultrasonic sensor. Data calibration algorithm analyzed and corrected the outliers during the measurement process. The verification of the intelligent water level measurement algorithm was performed by comparing water levels using the tape and ultrasonic sensor, which was generated by measuring water levels at regular intervals up to the maximum level. The statistics of the slope of the regression line and   were 1.00 and 0.99, respectively which were considered acceptable. The error was 0.0575 cm. The verification of data calibration algorithm was performed by analyzing water levels containing all error codes in a time series graph. The intelligent platform developed in this study may contribute to the public IoT service, which is applicable to intelligent flood management under climate change.

사물인터넷은 단말기 중심 센싱(RFID) 기술, 유무선 통신 및 네트워크 인프라, IoT 서비스 인터페이스 기술, 보안 기술, 빅 데이터와 서비스 기술이 상호 연동되어 명확한 타깃 고객에게 실질적 가치를 제공한다. IoT는 단말기 중심에게 기술개 발이 전개되었다. 향후 인간의 역할을 최소화하면서 사물들은 온도, 습도, 열, 가스, 조도, 초음파 센서부터 원격감지, 전자 파흡수율(SAR), 레이더, 위치, 모션, 영상센서 등의 정보를 공유하는 서비스를 하게 된다. 웨어러블 센싱 기술은 사람과 사 물, 사물 상호간에 통신할 수 있는 통로와 인터페이스 역할을 한다. 센싱은 정보를 수집, 처리, 관리하고 정보가 서비스로 구현되기 위한 최첨단이라 할 수 있다. 인터페이스 서비스에 있어서는 단말기기, 콘텐츠, 플랫폼, 네트워크 방식이 함께 구 동되어야 한다. 본 연구는 단말기 중심 IoT 제품 사례를 기반으로 표준기구 위에서 IoT의 공통 서비스 플랫폼으로 개방형 생태계를 구성하는 IoT 공통 서비스 플랫폼의 필요성을 제기했다. 따라서 IoT 응용서비스, IoT 디바이스, 센서 및 부품, IoT 플랫폼, IoT 보안 솔루션 분야에서 IoT 표준 연구 분야로 5G, 사물인터넷, U-헬스, 빅 데이터 활용 Health care, 편리 하고 안전한 환경을 마련하는 서비스 플랫폼 연구가 필요하다. 향후 IoT는 누구에게나 안전하고 편리한 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 오픈 이노베이션 생태계를 위한 인간 중심에서 서비스 환경이 있어야 한다.

Nowadays, wireless sensor network applications have been used in several important areas, such as healthcare, construction, critical infrastructure, environmental monitoring, and manufacturing. However, due to the limitation of WSNs in terms of memory, energy, computation, and scalability, efficient management of the large number of WSNs data in these areas is an important issue to deal with. There is a need for a high-performance computing and massive storage infrastructure for real-time processing and storing of the data as well as analysis of the information. In this paper, we present a technology and application of sensor cloud computing based on IoT and service to manage monitoring sensor data for the f construction design-build projects. With this IoT sensor cloud platform, the entire project participants can efficiently share information to identify and solve issues in the design build phase.

In this study, plant pipeline diagnosis system based on IoT(Internet of Things)was developed. The system consists of three parts : sensor system, omnicube system and pipeline safety assessment solutions. The plant pipeline diagnosis system was constructed in plant pipeline and was validated field applicability. Plant pipeline diagnosis system based on IoT is appropriate for plant pipeline safety monitoring.

The importance of plant pipe rack safety management has been increased. In this study, a plant safety management system based on IoT(Internet of Things) was constructed in Yeosu Industrial Complex. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural characteristics performance and structural health monitoring of pipe rack using measured data

In this study, a plant safety management system based on IoT(Internet of Things) was developed. The system consists of three parts : smart sensing technology, wireless networking technology and smart plant safety services. The safety management system was constructed in Yeosu Industrial Complex and was validated field applicability in plant. The IoT plant safety management system is appropriate for plant industrial structures.