목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 작업균형 평가를 위한 한글판 라이프밸런스 척도(Korean version of Life Balance Inventory; K-LBI)를 개발하는 것이다. 연구방법 : 라이프밸런스 척도(Life Balance Inventory; LBI)의 한국어 번역, 역 번역, 원저자 검토의 과정의 거쳐 번역본을 완성하였으며 내용타당도 검증을 위해 13명의 작업치료사에게 LBI의 한국어 번역본에 포함된 53개 항목의 적합도에 대한 응답을 5점 리커트 척도로 수집하여 Item-level Content Validity Index(I-CVI)를 산출하였다. 수렴타당도는 한국판 세계보건기구 삶의 질 간편형 척도(WHO Quality of Life-Brief; WHOQOL-BREF), 한글판 Short Form-12 Health Survey Questionnaire version 2(SF-12v2)와의 상관계수를 통해 검증하였다. 신뢰도 검증을 위해 내적일치도 및 검사-재검사 신뢰도 분석을 실시했다. 결과 : 165명의 대상자에게 조사한 설문을 통해 내용타당도를 검증한 결과, K-LBI에 포함된 53개 항목의 I-CVI의 평균은 0.79로 나타났다. 수렴타당도 분석에서 K-LBI의 총괄 점수와 한국판 WHOQOL-BREF와 한글판 SF-12v2의 정신적 건강 지수(Mental Component Score; MCS)와의 상관계수는 각각 .356(p=.01), .490(p=.01)로 확인되었다. 신뢰도 검증 결과, 노인과 성인 집단에서 도출된 Cronbach’s α값은 각각 .875, .831였다. 결론 : K-LBI는 타당도와 신뢰도를 갖춘 작업균형 평가도구로 확인되었으며, 활동 참여에 대한 만족도 저하, 혹은 참여하고 있는 활동 영역 간에 불균형으로 인해 작업적 불균형을 경험하는 대상자들에게 적용하여 평가함으로써 일상생활 양식의 개선을 통한 건강증진 목적의 평가도구로 활용가능하다.

The cooperative game theory consists of a set of players and utility function that has positive values for a subset of players, called coalition, in the game. The purpose of cost allocation method is to allocate the relevant cost among game players in a fair and rational way. Therefore, cost allocation method based on cooperative game theory has been applied in many areas for fair and reasonable cost allocation. On the other hand, the desirable characteristics of the cost allocation method are Pareto optimality, rationality, and marginality. Pareto optimality means that costs are entirely paid by participating players. Rationality means that by joining the grand coalition, players do not pay more than they would if they chose to be part of any smaller coalition of players. Marginality means that players are charged at least enough to cover their marginal costs. If these characteristics are all met, the solution of cost allocation method exists in the core. In this study, proportional method is applied to EOQ inventory game and EPQ inventory game with shortage. Proportional method is a method that allocates costs proportionally to a certain allocator. This method has been applied to a variety of problems because of its convenience and simple calculations. However, depending on what the allocator is used for, the proportional method has a weakness that its solution may not exist in the core. Three allocators such as demand, marginal cost, and cost are considered. We prove that the solution of the proportional method to demand and the proportional method to marginal cost for EOQ game and EPQ game with shortage is in the core. The counterexample also shows that the solution of the proportional method to cost does not exist in the core.

Inventory inspection is an important task to eliminate the inconsistency between real assets and inventory management systems, and it is performed periodically at the site. In the case of a large-sized property, it is mainly managed in an outdoor workshop or a warehouse. However, due to the large area of the outdoor area, it is relatively difficult to identify the quantity and location of the property and is also vulnerable to theft. To solve this problem, we proposed a method and system for performing a warehouse inventory inspection using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacons. The proposed method has the following advantages. First of all, if we carry out inventory inspection by utilizing UAV, we can minimize user’s effort compared to existing methods. The method of recognizing the asset by attaching the BLE beacon is more costly than using the existing RFID technology, but it is advantageous because the recognition distance is increased and the battery life of the tag is drastically increased. We also designed a BLE beacon reader for the system and implemented a prototype to show the feasibility of the proposed system. The prototype is based on Genuino 101, which is a kind of arduino, and adds HM-10 and Neo-6m modules to provide Bluetooth and GPS functions. The BLE beacon reader was tested in outdoor, and attached in drone. We also developed an inventory checking system based on the web to display results of inventory checking. The proposed approach enables the users to automate the operation of inventory checking on an outdoor warehouse.

On September 4, 2018, Second Criminal Division of Korea Jeju District Court Judge, Mr. Chang Jegal decided that “Each retrial shall be initiated for the decision to be re-judged,” at 18 Jeju 4.3 Survivors retrial: Decision about Case: 2017 Inventory Hab-4 : Rebellious or Treasonous Actions and Violations of the National Defense and Security Act. As for A. Rebellious or Treasonous Actions B. Violations of the National Defense and Security Act. Defendant: Defendants are the same as listed in the appendix, Retrial Claimants: The Defendants, Counsel: The Law firm Haemaru (For the defendants), Lead Lawyers: Im Jae-sung & Kim Seeun, Judgement on the Retrial: The Following report on the Retrial judgement is as stated. Order : Each retrial shall be initiated for the decision to be re-judged. Reasons : 1. Basic Facts. The records of this case indicate that each of the following facts can be admitted: A. The petitioners are Jeju residents who were detained by the military and police during the fall of 1948 to July 1949 when the Jeju 4.3 Incident was under way, and were transported to a prison on the main land from December 1948 to July 1949, where they were imprisoned for a certain period of time after arriving. (Here after, According to Article 2, section 1 of the SPECIAL ACT ON DISCOVERING THE TRUTH OF THE JEJU 4·3 INCIDENT AND THE RESTORATION OF HONOR OF VICTIMS. The term "Jeju 4·3 Incident" means an incident in which the lives of inhabitants were sacrificed in the riot that arose on April 3, 1948 starting from March 1, 1947 and in the process of armed conflicts and suppression thereof that took place in Jeju-Do and the suppression thereof until September 21, 1954.) B. The records show that the claimants to deduce the basis for their transfer to the main land and imprisonment thereafter, include the names of the claimants, their age, occupation, residence, plea and verdict, adjudication date, sentence and confinement in prison, which are listed as one column for each of the petitioners. The documents are from the Registry of Convicted Persons from the 12th month of the year 4281 (1948) and the 7th month of the year 4282 (1949) & the criminal records of Claimants, Park, Park, Bu, Yang, Bang, Oh, Oh, Jeong, Jo, and Han. In addition, as part of the fact-finding investigation into the reasons for the appeal, documents related to the execution of military enforcement orders or reduction of sentences for some of the petitioners, which were obtained through fact-finding and document-transfer requests from the National Archives and other related agencies. Beyond these, documents that can directly confirm the original judgement concerning the claimants, such as the indictments, records of trial and ruling, prison transfers and other prison records have yet to be discovered.

Cost allocation studies on the rational allocation method for the common cost of the joint products or services that provide different benefits to each economic entity under the constraints of the efficiency and fairness. Cooperative game theory is often used for cost allocation and studies on a fair and efficient allocation of the utility if some feasible utility for a whole or subset of the players in a game is given. This study shows a variety of cooperative game theory approaches and discusses the pros and cons of each approach.

If the coalition of players orders the product together, then they can reduce the inventory costs such as ordering cost and holding cost. Inventory game can be defined as the allocation of the inventory costs to the players in a fair and rational manner. The characteristics recommended for the solutions provided by the method for the inventory game are completeness, rationality, and marginality. The solutions that satisfy these characteristics are in the core, where the proportional method may depend on the allocator. This study has found out that the solutions of the proportional method with some allocators for economic order quantity model exist in the core.

본 연구는 스마트 폰을 이용한 유아의 생활습관 검사도구 개발 및 통계적 타당성 검증을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구의 대상자는 서울에 있는 중산층 3,4,5,6세의 부모 178명으로, 스마트폰 응용 프로그램을 통해 질문에 응답했습니다. 수집된 데이터는 Web-r v3.1 (R 버전 3.3.2) 및 R-SEM 2.0 alpha (lavaan 버전 0.5-22)로 분석되 었습니다. 유아의 기본생활 습관의 구성개념의 타당도를 측정하기 위해 확인요인분석을 실시하였으며, 수렴타 당성을 검증하기 위해 개념신뢰도와 분산추출 수를 계산하였다. 확인요인분석에서 모델의 적합성기준은 5 가지 요인과 21 항목 (CFI : .931; TLI : .919; SRMR : .0458 : RMSEA; .075)에서 만족되었다. 또한 5요소 기본생 활습관모델의 개념신뢰도는 .829 ~ .912이고 분산추출지수는 .521 ~ .676이므로 집중타당성을 확보할 수 있었다. 결과적으로 기본생활습관 측정도구의 질문에 대한 안정성과 타당성이 안정적으로 검증되었습니다.

Vendor Managed Inventory is a well-known vendor-retailer coordination approach in supply chain management where the vendor manages inventory of the retailer and determines the order interval and order quantity for the retailer. To consider practical situation, the upper limit of inventory for the retailer is set. If the inventory level for the retailer exceeds the upper limit, then the penalty cost is charged to the retailer. Furthermore, maximum allowable inventory level is set for the vendor to prevent the vendor from keeping much inventory. Single-vendor multi-retailer supply chain model with upper limit of inventory for vendor and retailers is studied. All the retailers’ are assumed to have the common cycle time, and a vendor manages retailers’ inventory and replenishes products. The mathematical formulation is introduced to minimize the total cost including the penalty cost violating the upper limit of inventory for retailers with the constraint of maximum allowable inventory level. The solution procedure based on Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions is derived. KKT conditions are often applied to find an optimal solution of nonlinear programming problem with constraints. An illustrative example is used to show the application of the proposed solution procedure. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is done to find out the relationship between maximum allowable inventory level and other values such as order quantity, the number of shipment, vendor’s cost, retailer’s cost, and total cost. As maximum allowable inventory level decreases, the number of shipment decreases but total cost increases. Order quantity has the trend of decline and is affected by the number of shipment.

Vendor Managed Inventory is a well-known vendor-retailer coordination approach in supply chain management. If the inventory level for the retailer exceeds the upper limit, then the penalty cost is charged to the retailer. Furthermore, maximum allowable inventory level is set for the vendor to prevent the vendor from keeping much inventory. Single-vendor multi-retailer supply chain model with upper limit of inventory for vendor and retailers is studied. All the retailers’ are assumed to have the common cycle time, and a vendor manages retailers’ inventory and replenishes products. The mathematical formulation is introduced to minimize the total cost including the penalty cost violating the upper limit of inventory for retailers with the constraint of maximum allowable inventory level. The solution procedure based on Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT) conditions is derived.

In order to remove the inefficient cost occurred among companies, the cooperation among companies are required. The single vendor-single buyer integrated model is often studied for that purpose. Buyer’s demand follows normal distribution, and vendor’s inventory policy use a continuous inventory review policy. If buyer places order, then vendor begins to make products and transfer those products to the buyer several times. In real situation, the size of company’s warehouse is restricted, space limit constraint is considered. There are three approaches for the single vendor-single buyer integrated model with space limit: equal batch shipment approach, increasing batch shipment approach, and mixed approach. In this paper, these approaches are compared one another and we discuss about the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches.

분노반응검사(Evans & Stangelang, 1971)는 분노를 유발하는 자극의 관점에서 분노수준을 평가하는 도구이다. 그러 나 이는 고령자를 대상으로 사용하기에는 문항수가 너무 많아 적은 수의 문항으로 구성된 분노반응검사가 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 신뢰성이 높고 타당한 단축형 분노반응검사를 제작하는 것이다. 연구 1에서는 60세 이상의 고령자들 에게 76문항으로 구성된 분노반응검사를 실시하였으며, 검사이론에 기초하여 76개의 문항들 중에서 10개의 문항을 추출하여 단축형 분노반응검사를 제작하였다. 연구 2에서는 60세 이상의 고령자들로 구성된 또 다른 표본을 대상으로 단축형 분노반응검사와 타당도 확인을 위한 검사들을 함께 실시하여 신뢰도와 타당도를 평가하였다. 노인용 단축형 분노반응검사의 Cronbach 는 .79로 양호한 수준의 신되도를 보였다. 노인용 단축형 분노반응검사는 특성분노를 반영하 는 검사이므로, 특성분노를 측정하는 검사점수와 상관이 높아야하고, 분노의 다른 측면을 반영하는 점수와는 낮은 상관을 보여야 타당하다. 노인용 단축형 분노반응검사 점수는 상태-특성 표현 척도의 특성분노 점수와 .60이상의 높은 상관을 보였으며, 분노표출 점수와 .39의 상관을 보였고, 적대감 점수와 .41의 상관을 보였다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서 제작한 단축형 분노반응검사는 신뢰할 수 있고 타당한 검사인 것으로 나타났다.

SCM activities in a company are considered as total innovation through synchronizing supply and demand while maintaining appropriate inventory level and reducing the business operating costs. Until now, even several researches are carried out on the SCM performance of the companies which have introduced and been operating SCM, the research on the cost analysis for the inventory which occurs frequently on supply chain is still insufficient. Especially, for the electronics industry in which the product depreciation is sharp caused by the short product life cycle and the complexity of distribution channels, even the inventory related costs are a major factor in business management, since the current estimated criteria of inventory costs are limited to the interest and maintenance management costs, the criteria do not reflect the total influence of the product depreciation and lost opportunity cost which are related to the business management. Furthermore, even though the rapid price drops of the distributor inventory caused by the frequent new model launch can be covered by the product manufacturers, the scale of total costs related to the inventory has not been conceived because the price compensation is traditionally considered as a market costs.In this research, we analyzed the inventory characteristics of electronics industry in which the price depreciation happens frequently, newly defining the estimated criteria of the product total inventory cost which includes price depreciation from the product manufacturers’ view. Finally we focus on the case study of a representative electronics company and verify the scale of the influence on management performance.

Unlike most researches that focus on single manufacturer or single buyer, this research studies the cooperation policy for two participants of supply chain such as single vendor and single buyer. Especially, this paper deals with single vendor-single buyer integrated-production inventory problem. If the buyer orders products, then the vendor will start to make products and then the products will be shipped from the vendor to the buyer many times. The buyer is supposed to order again when the buyer’s inventory level hits reorder point during the last shipment and this cycle keeps repeated. The buyer uses continuous review inventory policy and customer’s demand is assumed to be probabilistic. The contribution of this paper is to present a mixed approach and derive its cost function. The existing policy assumes that the size of shipping batch from single vendor to single buyer is increasing, called Type 1, or constant, called Type 2. In mixed approach, the size of shipping batch is increasing at the beginning part of the cycle, and then its size is constant at the ending part of the cycle. The number of shipping for Type 1 and Type 2 in a cycle in mixed approach is determined to minimize total cost. The relationship between parameters, for example, the holding cost per product, the set up cost per order, and the shortage cost per item and decision variables such as order quantity, safety factor, the number of shipments, and shipment increasing factor is figured out via sensitivity analysis. Finally, it is statistically proved that the mixed approach is superior to the existing approaches.

This paper considers one vendor-one buyer integrated-production inventory problem. If the buyer orders products, then the vendor will start to make products and then the products will be shipped from the vendor to the buyer many times. The buyer is supposed to order again when the buyer’s inventory level hits reorder point during the last shipment and this cycle keeps repeated. Buyer uses continuous review inventory policy and customer’s demand is assumed to be probabilistic. The contribution of this paper is to develop a new approach for one-vendor-one-buyer integrated production-inventory problem.

In this paper we have tackled the outstanding inventory planning problems over new product launching period in a more holistic manner by addressing first the definition of efficient business rules to effectively control and reduce the inventory risks followed by the rigorous explanations on the implementation guide on suggested inventory planning rules. It is not unusual for many companies in the consumer electronics market to make a great effort to reduce the time to launch a new product because the ability to bring out higher performing products in such a short time period greatly increases the probability for them to remain competitive in the high tech market. Among so many newly developed products, those products with new features and technologies appeal to many potential customers while products which fail to win customers by design and prices rapidly disappear in the market. To adapt to this business environment, those companies have been trying to find the answer to minimize the inventory of old products so they can move to next generation products quickly with less obsolete material . In the experimental implementation of our rule-based inventory planning, Company ‘S’ reduced the inventory cost for the outgoing products as low as 49% of its peak level of its preceding product version in just 5 month after the adoption of rule-based inventory planning process and system. This paper concluded the subject with a suggestion that the best performance of rule-based inventory planning is guaranteed not from one-time campaign of process improvement along with system development but the decision maker’s continuing support and attention even without seeing any upcoming business crisis.

This paper is concerned with the single vendor single buyer integrated production inventory problem. To make this problem more practical, space restriction and lead time proportional to lot size are considered. Since the space for the inventory is limited in most practical inventory system, the space restriction for the inventory of a vendor and a buyer is considered. As product’s quantity to be manufactured by the vendor is increased, the lead time for the order is usually increased. Therefore, lead time for the product is proportional to the order quantity by the buyer. Demand is assumed to be stochastic and the continuous review inventory policy is used by the buyer. If the buyer places an order, then the vendor will start to manufacture products and the products will be transferred to the buyer with equal shipments many times. The mathematical formulation with space restriction for the inventory of a vendor and a buyer is suggested in this paper. This problem is constrained nonlinear integer programming problem. Order quantity, reorder points for the buyer, and the number of shipments are required to be determined. A Lagrangian relaxation approach, a popular solution method for constrained problem, is developed to find lower bound of this problem. Since a Lagrangian relaxation approach cannot guarantee the feasible solution, the solution method based on the Lagrangian relaxation approach is proposed to provide with a good feasible solution. Total costs by the proposed method are pretty close to those by the Lagrangian relaxation approach. Sensitivity analysis for space restriction for the vendor and the buyer is done to figure out the relationships between parameters.

This paper introduces the existence of purchase dependence that was identified during the analysis of inventory operations practice at a sales agency of dealing with spare parts for ship engines and generators. Purchase dependence is an important factor in designing an inventory replenishment policy. However, it has remained mostly unaddressed. Purchase dependence is different from demand dependence. Purchase dependence deals with the purchase behavior of customers, whereas demand dependence deals with the relationship between item-demands. In order to deal with purchase dependence in inventory operations practice, this paper proposes (Q, r) models with the consideration of purchase dependence. Through a computer simulation experiment, this paper compares performance of the proposed (Q, r) models to that of a (Q, r) model ignoring purchase dependence. The simulation experiment is conducted for two cases : a case of using a lost sale cost and a case of using a service level. For a case of using a lost sale cost, this paper calculates an order quantity, Q and a reorder point, r using the iterative procedure. However, for a case of using a service level, it is not an easy task to find Q and r. The complexity stems from the interactions among inventory replenishment policies for items. Thus, this paper considers the genetic algorithm (GA) as an optimization method. The simulation results demonstrates that the proposed (Q, r) models incur less inventory operations cost (satisfies better service levels) than a (Q, r) model ignoring purchase dependence. As a result, the simulation results supports that it is important to consider purchase dependence in the inventory operations practice.

The single vendor single buyer integrated production inventory problem with lead time proportional to lot size and space restriction is studied. Demand is assumed to be stochastic and the continuous review inventory policy is used for the buyer. If the buyer places an order with lots of products, then the vendor will produce lots of products and the products will be transferred to the buyer with equal shipments many times. Mathematical model for this problem is defined and a Lagrangian relaxation approach is developed.

여성은 연령과 사회경제적 위치에 따라 건강문제에 상당 한 차이가 있어 여성건강증진을 위해 지속적 노력을 기울여 야 한다. 숲은 현대인의 스트레스를 해소하고 면역력을 높 여주는 더할 나위 없는 자연환경이다. 숲 체험 경험이 있는 경우와 경험횟수가 많은 경우에 중년여성이 지각하는 삶의 만족도, 행복감, 희망수준이 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났 다. 숲을 자주 이용할 수 있는 직장인들은 그렇지 못한 직장 인들에 비해 직무에 대한 스트레스가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구는 평소 숲 방문 빈도가 성인 여성의 스트레스 수준에 있어 어떤 차이를 가져오는지를 살펴보고자 했다. 20대 이상의 성인 여성 407명을 연구 대상으로 선정하여 숲 방문 빈도(숲 방문 빈도가 월 1회 이상인 144명은 “높음” 으로, 분기별 1회 이하인 263명은 “낮음”으로 분류)에 따라 구분한 두 집단 사이의 사회·심리적 스트레스(SF-PWI)와 스 트레스 반응(SRI)을 독립 t검증으로 비교하였다. 연구 결과 숲 방문 빈도에 따라 구분한 두 집단 사이의 사회·심리적 스트레스(SF-PWI)와 스트레스 반응(SRI)을 비교한 결과, 연령, 교육수준, 결혼 상태, 직업 등의 인구학 적 특성에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 발견하였다. 특히 50대 이상, 고학력의 전문․연구직, 교직, 400만원 이상이 각 각 숲 방문 빈도가 높게 나타났다. 우리나라 인구의 고학력 화와 고학력에 따른 경제활동 우위, 그로부터 얻어지는 경 제적 안정에서 원인을 찾을 수 있을 것이다. 고학력 전문직 에 종사하는 여성은 건강과 스트레스 감소를 위해 숲을 자 주 방문한다는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 또한, 고졸, 100만원 미만의 저학력, 저소득의 무직·기타의 여성도 숲을 자주 방 문하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 소득이 적을수록 비용이 상 대적으로 적게 드는 산책과 같은 활동을 선호하는 것으로 사료된다. 두 집단의 스트레스 수준을 분석한 결과 숲 방문을 통한 산림환경이용 빈도에 따른 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 사회· 심리적 척도(SF-PWI), 스트레스 반응척도(SRI)에서 숲 방 문을 통해 산림환경 이용 빈도가 높은 집단이 사회·심리적 스트레스와 우울, 피로 등의 스트레스 반응이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 ‘숲 방문 빈도’만으로 숲 방문을 통한 효과를 측정했기 때문에 대상자들이 숲을 ‘어떻게 이용하는지’에 대해서는 확인할 수 없었다. 추후 연구에서는 스트레스 완 화에 더 효과적인 숲 이용방식과 산림치유 프로그램에 대한 후속연구가 필요하다. 본 연구 결과는 숲을 평소에 적극적으로 방문하는 것이 성인 여성들로 하여금 스트레스를 좀 더 적게 받게 하고, 피로도와 우울도를 낮추는데 도움이 됨을 시사한다. 본 연 구를 계기로 차후 성인 여성의 산림환경 이용방식에 대한 다각화된 조사와 함께 숲 방문 빈도가 비교적 활발한 직업 의 교사, 주부, 회사원 등의 직업에 대한 검증, 숲 방문 빈도 를 통한 산림환경이 일반 성인의 스트레스를 감소시키는데 어떻게 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구가 이루어지기를 기대 한다.